Avaliação da variabilidade de qualidade ambiental de bacias de mananciais de abastecimento público com a aplicação de um índice para o estado de Goiás
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2016-03-31
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
The need for environmental preservation and responsible use of natural resources
is something increasingly discussed between civil society and the scientific community
and the need to monitor the environmental quality of areas such as river basins requires
planning and choice of variables that help in understanding functionality of these systems.
In addition, the index and indicators are presented as efficient tools in order to make them
more easily visualized technical data. In this study, socioeconomic and environmental
indicators were used in order to structure an index able to estimate the degree of
environmental quality of the watershed. The Environmental basins Quality Index (EQI)
was built from the variables Soil Loss (SL), Native Vegetation Index (NVI), Water
Quality Index (WQI) and Municipal Development Index (MDI). The GIS was used to
identify the NVI and loss of soil in the basin, and for the latter employed Universal Soil
Loss Equation (USLE). It was applied still Soil and Water Assessment Tool software
(SWAT) in soil loss prediction five basins studied in order to promote the direct
comparison of the model front applicability of the method implemented USLE. We
studied different scenarios in these same five basins in SWAT, which we sought to
evaluate the influence of vegetation in sediment yield for different land cover scenarios.
To obtain the WQI of each basin, we used the adaptation of the method developed by
Sousa (2014). After that, the EQI was applied in 126 basins of supply water sources in
Goias State, which enabled the identification of the degree of environmental quality of
each. It was found that almost 85% of the studied basins are classified as very bad or bad
EQI, and in almost all of these the WQI of the spring is also bad. By analyzing the EQI
basins in ten different regions of Goias State Planning it was noted that average is best in
the Northwest region, which also has better native state of vegetation index. Regarding
the loss of soil, it is noted that most of the basins (64%) are classified in low and moderate
erosive susceptibility, but with some in erosive susceptibility very high severe. Therefore,
it was concluded that the methodology used in this study proved to be an effective
management strategy for catchments and can be used as an environmental planning
instrument in these areas.
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SILVA, Karla Alcione da. Avaliação da variabilidade de qualidade ambiental de bacias de mananciais de abastecimento público com a aplicação de um índice para o estado de Goiás. 2016.118 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciências Ambientais) - Universidade Federal de Goiás,Goiânia, 2016.