A revolução sandinista: do triunfo à derrota (1979-1990)
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2014-09-25
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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In July 1979, the Sandinista Revolution triumphed in Nicaragua, thus constituting a political
framework of great importance for the history of the last quarter of the twentieth century. In
front of the revolutionary process, was the FSLN (Sandinista National Liberation Front), an
organization founded in the early 1960s inspired by Augusto César Sandino, a nationalist who
fought against the domination exerted by the United States of America in that country in the
late 1920s and in the beginning of next decade. Sandino was assassinated at the behest of the
then chief of the National Guard, Anastasio Somoza García, in 1934. In 1937, Somoza took
over the government of Nicaragua inaugurating the longest of all dictatorships of America,
which lasted until 1979. Associated various political ideologies derived from various social
segments the FSLN led a popular uprising that toppled the dictatorship and began a period of
intense disputes and social, economic and political transformations in Nicaragua. The tactic of
economic transformation was conducted by the mixed economy and the political model was
guided by plurality. Meanwhile the Sandinista Front sought to consolidate its hegemony
through the cooptation of popular and mass organizations and also through the establishment
of an Army. A few years after the revolutionary triumph came one armed counterrevolution,
what made the consigning a war that consumed in huge sums of money following years and a
concentration in military defense of the Revolution. The counterrevolutionary forces were
formed under the auspices of the American government of Ronald Reagan. In this sense, the
period between 1979 and 1990, Nicaragua became an important center of American
interference, which combined the groups opposing the Sandinista Front, mainly the
bourgeoisie and the upper hierarchy of the Catholic Church constituted together, armed
groups, the cons, who fought with the government a civil war. The Sandinista Revolution
lasted until 1990, when the FSLN was defeated electorally by a counterrevolutionary coalition
called UNO (National Union Opposition) that was financed by the United States.
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SÁ, Roger dos Anjos de. A revolução sandinista: do triunfo à derrota (1979-1990). 2014. 273 f. Tese (Doutorado em Historia) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2014.