O impacto do farmacêutico clínico na adesão ao tratamento farmacológico de pacientes idosos hipertensos

Abstract

Adherence is the behavior of a patient before the doctor or other health professional recommendation regarding the use of medicines, adoption of diets or lifestyle changes. Thesis built in the form of scientific articles. The first article is titled: “Adherence to pharmacological treatment in hypertensive elderly: An integrative literature review”. The second one is titled: "The impact of the clinical pharmacist in the adherence to the pharmacological treatment of elderly hypertensive patients". Objectives: First Article: studying concepts of adherence, factors for adherence, and causes of abandonment and methods for assessing adherence. Second article: Assessing the impact of the clinical pharmacist in pharmacological treatment of elderly hypertensive patients. Method: In the review article the search was conducted in MEDLINE, LILACS, Cochrane, IBECS, SciELO and PubMED, studies published between 1979 to 2014 data. The following Descriptors in Health Sciences were used (DeCS): Hypertension, Elderly, Adherence, Factors for adherence, Assessment Methods. The second article is a prospective study, exploratory and quantitative with 26 elderly hypertensive patients, performed at the Family Health Basic Unit in the northern part of the city of Goiânia-GO. The patients of microarea A were followed by the pharmacist and patients of microarea B were visited by community health agent for six months. In both microareas assessment of sociodemographic profile, evaluation of pharmacological treatment and measurement of blood pressure of patients were carried out. Results: The first article described the difficulty of conceptualizing adherence as well as the main factors that influence adherence. There are several direct and indirect methods for evaluation of pharmacological treatment; all methods have advantages and disadvantages. In the second article: There was a predominance of female patients, age ranging between 60 -69 years old, primary / secondary education, earning 2-4 minimum wages, married, white and retired. Patients reported no alcohol use, no physical activity and no salt/ sugar restriction. Patients of the micro areas A and B are similar in sociodemographic characteristics. At the beginning of the study the adherence to pharmacological treatment and blood pressure had the same distribution in the two micro areas. At the end, the microarea A presented variation in the rate of total adherence which rose from 66.7% to 87.5% patients and there was significant reduction in blood pressure levels. Conclusions: The adherence to treatment is a complex issue, multifactorial, and is essential to obtain the reduction of blood pressure levels and decrease in complications in elderly hypertensive patients. Adherence to treatment is not related to sociodemographic variables. In the microarea A, through pharmaceutical intervention, it was observed that there was increase in adherence to pharmacological treatment with a significant reduction in blood pressure levels.