Ação de produtos químico in vitro, em mudas e em campo sobre a mancha bacteriana (Xanthomonas perforans e X. gardneri) em tomate para processamento industrial
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2009-02-17
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
The search of alternative products for tomato bacterial spot has been promoting
by the lack of effectiveness registered by the traditional products available. The objective
of this work was to evaluate a range of chemical products by in vitro tests, in experiments
seedlings and field experiments. The products studied were: acibenzolar-S-methyl; benzalkonium
chloride; phosphite; copper hydroxide, copper oxicloreto; metiram + pyraclostrobin and
famoxadone + mancozebe. The in vitro tests were carried out at Embrapa Hortaliça,
Brasília-DF, in July of 2007. The bactericide action was evaluated on Xanthomonas
perforans and X. gardneri. The trial was in a complete randomized block design with four
replications and plot was constituted by a Petri plate impregnated with solidified bacterial
suspension. The halo of inhibition formed was evaluated. The experiments with seedlings
were carried out with the hybrid Heinz 9553 at the commercial nursery VIVATI in Rio
Verde, Goiás, in August to September and November to December of 2008. There were
three trials in a complete randomized block design with three replications. The products
were sprayed by using CO2 portable sprayer. The inoculation occurred 29 days after
sowing, with an isolated of X. gardneri. Disease severity was evaluated on 15 leaflets per
plot at 14 and 16 days after inoculation of the first and second experiment, respectively.
Data was expressed as percentage of leaf affected by program Quant. It was also suggested
a possible interaction between the regulator of growth paclobutrazol and the behavior of
certain products in the reduction of the severity of the disease. Two field trials were carried
out at the experimental farm of Unilever Bestfoods, in Goiânia-GO, from February to June
of 2007 and April to August of 2008. The first was with the hybrid Heinz 9992 in a
complete randomized block design, with 15 treatments and three replications, and inoculated
with X. perforans. The second was in a split plot completely randobized block design with
three replications. Variety (Hypeel 108 and U2006) was ascertained for factor A and the 10
treatments for factor B. Xanthomonas perforans and X. gardneri were inoculated in
different moments. In both trials foliage severity, number of fruits with symptoms and
yield were evaluated. In the second trial fruits with sun scald was also taken. In the in vitro
test, the products to which X. perforans and X. gardneri were sensitive in the recommended dose
were the benzalkonium chloride and famoxadone + mancozeb. Methiram + pyraclostrobin
had action in the dosage recommended only for X. gardneri. Xanthomonas perforans was
sensitive to this product only starting from ten times more. The products of copper base did
not have action in the bacteria at the recommended dose, being sensitive only at a hundred
time more. For the trials of seedlings it was noticed that metiram + pyraclostrobin, copper
oxicloreto, famoxadone + mancozebe, phosphite and copper hydroxide reduced the
severity under certain conditions. In the field trials, in generally, acibenzolar-S-methyl and
famoxadone + mancozeb lead to the better results.
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Citação
NASCIMENTO, Abadia dos Reis. Chemical control of the bacterial spot in tomato for industrial
processing: sensibility in isolated vitro and efficiency of products in seedlings and in
field. 2009. 127 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciências Agrárias) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2009.