Associação entre qualidade de vida, estado nutricional, nível de atividade física e hospitalização de pacientes em diálise peritoneal

Abstract

Background: Health-related quality of life (QoL) is a patient-centered assessment in which only the patient can respond and determine how their current health affects their well-being. However, little is known about QoL in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, apart from the extent to which this condition is related to nutritional aspects, physical activity, and hospital admissions. Objective: To assess the relationship between QoL, nutritional status, level of physical activity, and hospitalization in PD patients. Methods: This was a prospective observational study. Patients with CKD undergoing treatment for PD for at least three months, aged ≥18 years, and of both sexes were included. QoL, nutritional status, and physical activity levels were assessed when the patient was admitted to the study. To assess health-related QoL, the KDQOL-SF™ v.1.3 was used, with a final score ranging from 0 to 100, with higher values being attributed to better QoL. The 7-point Subjective Global Assessment (SGA-7p) was used to diagnose of malnutrition and patients with a score < 5 were considered malnourished. The level of physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short version and individuals were classified as active or sedentary. Results: Forty-nine patients were assessed, with a mean age of 60.7 ± 16.1 years and a predominance of females (53%). The average final QoL score among the participants was 62.9. Approximately 26.5% of the patients were classified as malnourished and 60% as sedentary. No association was found between the final QoL score and nutritional status [70.9 (52.6 - 80.1) and 66.2 (54 - 77) for well-nourished and malnourished, respectively; p: 0.494] and level of physical activity [64.7 (48.3 - 72.8) and 70.2 (54 - 77) for sedentary and active, respectively; p: 0.363]. However, QoL was associated with non-elective hospitalization [54.2 (43.5 - 64.7) vs 69.7 (56.6 - 77.6); p: 0.027], with mental health being more implicated than physical health. Conclusion: Patients with impaired health-related QoL perception are more susceptible to hospital admission, however, without association with malnutrition and sedentary lifestyle.