Avaliação de estratégias espaciais para otimizar a conservação de redes de habitat
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2019-03-29
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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Habitat loss and fragmentation have become ubiquitous factors throughout natural landscapes around the world, and are among the major threats to biodiversity. In regions intensely modified by human activity, management of isolated areas may be insufficient to achieve conservation objectives. Therefore, a more efficient solution can be achieved by designing habitat networks, where protected areas and the connections among them act cooperatively and synergistically to ensure the species' regional persistence. Designing a habitat network requires a series of methodological steps, all of which can be developed through different approaches. The main objective of this thesis was to fill important gaps related to the selection of surrogate species and methodological strategies to optimize the projection of habitat networks. In Chapter 1, we reviewed the structure and applications of the major connectivity models, highlighting their assumptions and limitations in representing animal dispersal. We noted that the models have their own foundations and frameworks, and therefore we are assuming important differences on the dispersal ecology of species when choosing a particular approach. In Chapter 2, we evaluated the spatial congruence between habitat networks derived from the combination of different connectivity models and prioritization algorithms. We showed that the choice of methodological strategies for the projection of habitat networks can be decisive for the target species representation. Therefore, we suggested that the analytical tools should be selected according to the conservation objectives, rather than arbitrarily by assuming equivalence between the different methods. In Chapter 3, we investigated whether the potential of species as umbrellas for connectivity conservation can be influenced by the landscape composition and configuration. We showed that the ability of species to represent important areas for connectivity of others is a property determined by the species characteristics, as well as by the spatial pattern of habitat in the landscapes. In Chapter 4, we constructed networks of habitat quality and connectivity using different surrogate strategies based on one and multiple species and evaluated the efficiency of these structures in representing the target species' spatial requirements. We found that determining conservation priorities from the demands of a single umbrella species can have a very variable efficiency in covering the needs of co-occurring species. We also showed that selecting a small set of surrogates based on the species pool diversity may be the best strategy to provide efficient conservation solutions. We hope that the results of this thesis can be used to guide the future selection of surrogate species as well as the decisions related to the most appropriate methodological strategies for designing habitat networks capable of ensuring multispecies conservation.
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DINIZ, M. F. Avaliação de estratégias espaciais para otimizar a conservação de redes de habitat. 2019. 169 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ecologia e Evolução) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2019.