Fatores físicos e fisiológicos determinantes em atletas de natação competitiva: uma revisão narrativa

Abstract

Introduction: Competitive swimming is considered one of the most complex and complete sports due to its involvement of a variety of predictive performance indicators, including physical and physiological factors. Objectives: To investigate the main physical and physiological factors that determine performance in competitive adult swimming athletes. Methodology: This is a narrative literature review. Searches were conducted in the PubMed and Scielo databases using Boolean descriptors. Results and Discussion: A total of 151 articles were found, with 5 included after applying the inclusion criteria. These studies showed that performance is directly linked to factors such as VO2max, hormone levels, body composition, muscle strength, anaerobic power, and other swimming-specific factors. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of muscle strength, anaerobic power, and body composition for high performance. However, the research has limitations due to the scarcity of studies in these databases, indicating the need for broader search.