A impressão 3D como abordagem tecnológica para o desenvolvimento de formas farmacêuticas orais customizadas

Abstract

Introduction: The growing prevalence of chronic diseases and population aging have increased the challenges for the personalization of pharmaceutical therapies. Traditional production models, with standardized doses, do not meet individual needs and may result in underdosing, overdosing, or poor treatment adherence. 3D printing emerges as an innovative technology to personalize medicines by adjusting doses, release profiles, and combining multiple active ingredients in a single formulation. Objective: To analyze, through an integrative review, the use of 3D printing in the development of personalized oral pharmaceutical forms, its applications, advantages, challenges, and prospects. Methodology: Integrative literature review conducted in the PubMed database using descriptors related to 3D printing applied to the development of oral pharmaceutical forms. Review articles published between 2019 and 2025 that addressed the applications, advantages, and challenges of this technology in the personalization of medicines were included. Selection followed eligibility criteria, prioritizing the timeliness, relevance, and methodological quality of the studies. Results: A total of 4,936 articles were initially identified, of which 61 were selected. The studies indicate that 3D printing in the pharmaceutical field offers a promising alternative to overcome biopharmaceutical limitations, optimize drug release, and develop personalized oral pharmaceutical forms. The main printing technologies identified include methods such as fused deposition modeling (FDM), semi-solid extrusion (SSE), stereolithography (SLA), selective laser sintering (SLS), and powder-based 3D printing (PBF), although there are still technical and operational challenges for the widespread implementation of this technology in the pharmaceutical sector. Conclusion: 3D printing in oral drug production presents great revolutionary potential in the pharmaceutical field, allowing the personalization of treatments with innovative geometries, adjustable release profiles, and individualized doses. This technology aligns with precision medicine, promoting more effective, safer therapies with higher adherence, transforming personalization in drug treatment.