Visual and textual prompts as a nudge to promote theselection of healthy dairy products among adolescentand young adult students

Abstract

Context The dairy industry is strategically important in providing and promoting healthier foods among adolescents and young adults, a critical stage for consolidating long-term habits. Products such as yoghurt and cheese combine nutritional value, convenience and sensory appeal, making them suitable alternatives to ultra-processed foods commonly found in school cafeterias. In this context, nudge strategies—particularly the combination of visual and textual prompts—stand out as scalable and low-cost interventions to influence food choices.

Aim This study investigated whether exposure to an educational nudge could promote healthier food choices focused on dairy products.

Methods A total of 826 students (ages 13 to 23) were randomly assigned to an intervention group exposed to the nudge or to a control group. They then completed a structured questionnaire (including sociodemographic, behavioural and attitudinal questions) and performed three food choice tasks (sandwich, beverage and spreads) in a simulated school cafeteria environment. Data were analysed using logistic regression with marginal effects to estimate the intervention's impact on student choices.

Major Findings Nudging significantly increased the likelihood of choosing yoghurt over soda (+11%, P < 0.001) and white cheese over processed meats (+19.9%, P < 0.001), but had no effect on the choice of ricotta spread over ham spread (P = 0.617). Among the attitudes, higher levels of health consciousness were associated with an increased likelihood of choosing yoghurt (+3.3%, P = 0.017) and ricotta (+3.4%, P = 0.008). Exposure to the nudge increased the likelihood of choosing two out of the three healthier dairy options assessed.

Scientific or Industrial Implications Dairy companies can incorporate nudging strategies—especially in school environments, digital media or packaging—to encourage healthier choices. Aligning product communication with health goals may strengthen brand trust and appeal to health-conscious youth. Tailored strategies by product type are recommended given the varying effectiveness across dairy categories.