Comparison of blood pressure values and antihypertensive medications used in non-afro-descendant and afro-descendant brazilians with hypertension

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of hypertension (HTN) is high in ethnic communities, particularly among Afro-descendant adults in the United States. Moreover, there is a lack of studies addressing this issue in the Brazilian Afro-descendant population. Objective: To analyze blood pressure control and the use of antihypertensive medications among Afro-descendant and non-Afro-descendant Brazilians. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated data from the First Brazilian Registry of Hypertension, which included individuals over 18 years of age, self-identified as Afro-descendant or non-Afro-descendant, with HTN for at least four weeks or using antihypertensive medication. Comparisons were performed using t-tests or the Mann-Whitney test. A significance level of p < 0.05 was adopted. Results: A total of 2,643 participants were included, of whom 82.8% were non–Afro-descendant and 17.1% were Afrodescendant. The rates of uncontrolled HTN were 44.68% among non–Afro-descendants and 54.64% among Afrodescendants. Median values of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and body mass index (BMI) were higher in Afro-descendants compared to non–Afro-descendants (p < .001). The distribution of antihypertensive medication classes varied between the populations. No significant differences in HTN control were observed between beta-blocker users in the Afro-descendant and non–Afro-descendant groups, even when stratified by sex. Conclusion: The Afro-descendant population in Brazil demonstrated a higher prevalence of uncontrolled HTN and higher SBP, DBP, and BMI values compared to the non–Afro-descendant population. The choice of antihypertensive medications differed between groups, with thiazides more commonly prescribed for Afro-descendants and ARBs for non–Afro-descendants. However, no significant differences in blood pressure control were observed between groups using beta-blockers, regardless of sex.