Desafios e perspectivas da gestão pesqueira no médio rio araguaia: biodiversidade, impactos ambientais e políticas públicas
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La cuenca hidrográfica del río Araguaia, que se extiende por los estados de Goiás, Mato Grosso, Tocantins y Pará, es la segunda más grande de Brasil y alberga una de las diversidades ictiológicas más ricas del país. La pesca en el medio río Araguaia, tanto artesanal como deportiva, es un pilar fundamental de la economía regional, pero enfrenta desafíos significativos, como impactos ecológicos, diversidad de legislaciones estatales y falta de monitoreo integrado. Este estudio, basado en una revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva (1990–2024), busca comprender la dinámica de la pesca en la región y examinar los desafíos y perspectivas para la gestión sostenible de los recursos pesqueros. Los resultados indican una alta biodiversidad acuática, con 751 especies de peces, destacándose los órdenes Characiformes, Siluriformes y Cichliformes. La pesca artesanal, caracterizada por el uso de métodos tradicionales como redes, atarrayas y anzuelos en embarcaciones adaptadas, coexiste con la creciente valorización de la pesca deportiva y el ecoturismo. Sin embargo, la expansión de la frontera agrícola y la construcción de hidroeléctricas han afectado la calidad del agua, la biodiversidad y las poblaciones de peces. La gestión pesquera enfrenta desafíos adicionales debido a la diversidad de normativas estatales, como la Ley de Cota Cero en Goiás, que restringe la pesca para estabilizar las poblaciones acuáticas, afectando directamente a los pescadores artesanales. Investigaciones futuras deben centrarse en el análisis cuantitativo de los impactos ecológicos y la evaluación de medidas legales, como las moratorias de pesca. La integración de los saberes tradicionales con la ciencia moderna puede fomentar la cogestión, conciliando la conservación ambiental con las actividades económicas y promoviendo el manejo sostenible de los recursos pesqueros en la región.
Palabras clave: Pesca Artesanal, Gestión Pesquera, Impactos Ambientales, Sostenibilidad, Políticas Públicas.
The Araguaia River Basin, spanning the states of Goiás, Mato Grosso, Tocantins, and Pará, is the second largest in Brazil and harbors one of the richest ichthyological diversities in the country. Fishing in the middle Araguaia River, both artisanal and sport, is a fundamental pillar of the regional economy but faces significant challenges, such as ecological impacts, diverse state regulations, and a lack of integrated monitoring. This study, based on a comprehensive literature review (1990–2024), aims to understand the dynamics of fishing in the region and examine the challenges and prospects for the sustainable management of fishery resources. The results indicate high aquatic biodiversity, with 751 fish species, particularly from the orders Characiformes, Siluriformes, and Cichliformes. Artisanal fishing, characterized by traditional methods such as nets, cast nets, and hooks on adapted boats, coexists with the growing appreciation of sport fishing and ecotourism. However, agricultural expansion and the construction of hydroelectric dams have impacted water quality, biodiversity, and fish stocks. Fisheries management faces additional challenges due to the diversity of state regulations, such as the "Cota Zero" Law in Goiás, which restricts fishing to stabilize aquatic populations, directly affecting artisanal fishers. Future research should focus on quantitatively analyzing ecological impacts and evaluating legal measures, such as fishing moratoriums. Integrating traditional knowledge with modern science can promote co-management, balancing environmental conservation with economic activities and enhancing the sustainable management of fishery resources in the region.
The Araguaia River Basin, spanning the states of Goiás, Mato Grosso, Tocantins, and Pará, is the second largest in Brazil and harbors one of the richest ichthyological diversities in the country. Fishing in the middle Araguaia River, both artisanal and sport, is a fundamental pillar of the regional economy but faces significant challenges, such as ecological impacts, diverse state regulations, and a lack of integrated monitoring. This study, based on a comprehensive literature review (1990–2024), aims to understand the dynamics of fishing in the region and examine the challenges and prospects for the sustainable management of fishery resources. The results indicate high aquatic biodiversity, with 751 fish species, particularly from the orders Characiformes, Siluriformes, and Cichliformes. Artisanal fishing, characterized by traditional methods such as nets, cast nets, and hooks on adapted boats, coexists with the growing appreciation of sport fishing and ecotourism. However, agricultural expansion and the construction of hydroelectric dams have impacted water quality, biodiversity, and fish stocks. Fisheries management faces additional challenges due to the diversity of state regulations, such as the "Cota Zero" Law in Goiás, which restricts fishing to stabilize aquatic populations, directly affecting artisanal fishers. Future research should focus on quantitatively analyzing ecological impacts and evaluating legal measures, such as fishing moratoriums. Integrating traditional knowledge with modern science can promote co-management, balancing environmental conservation with economic activities and enhancing the sustainable management of fishery resources in the region.
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BARBOSA, Dhiego José Gibson et al. Desafios e perspectivas da gestão pesqueira no médio rio araguaia: biodiversidade, impactos ambientais e políticas públicas. Observatorio de la Economía Latinoamericana, São José dos Pinhais, v. 24, n. 1, e12986, 2026. DOI: 10.55905/oelv24n1-140. Disponível em: https://ojs.observatoriolatinoamericano.com/ojs/index.php/olel/article/view/12986. Acesso em: 19 ago. 2026.