Proposta de sistema modular automatizado para drenagem e reaproveitamento de água de afloramentos subterrâneos e pluviais em canteiros de obras

Abstract

This work presents the development of a modular automated system for drainage, storage, and reuse of groundwater and rainwater in construction sites. The research begins by analyzing the problems caused by water accumulation in excavations and foundations, especially in urban environments with shallow water tables, natural outcrops, and high rainfall incidence. The operational, structural, and environmental impacts resulting from excess water are discussed, as well as the potential for reusing this resource in non-potable applications within civil construction. The theoretical foundation addresses water sources in construction sites, temporary drainage solutions, simplified treatment technologies, pump classification and selection, and concepts of modularity and industrial automation. Based on these principles, a solution composed of four main modules are proposed: drainage, storage, reuse, and disposal, all integrated by a central control module based on a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). The system uses level, pressure, and flow sensors, electrical actuators, solenoid valves, and submersible and centrifugal pumps to ensure continuous and safe operation. The control logic was implemented in the Siemens TIA Portal environment, structured into functions and functional blocks, with monitoring through a supervisory interface. The system enables automatic actuation, permission management, fault detection, closed-loop control, and real-time graphical monitoring. The final architecture demonstrated the ability to reduce manual interventions, optimize the use of available water, and increase the operational efficiency of the construction site, in addition to minimizing improper disposal and potable water consumption. The results indicate that the modular approach offers flexibility, scalability, and ease of maintenance, making the system applicable to construction projects of different sizes and geological conditions. It is concluded that the integration of industrial automation and water management represents an effective and sustainable solution to the challenges faced in civil construction, contributing both to technical efficiency and environmental responsibility.