The strong influence of collection bias on biodiversity knowledge shortfalls of Brazilian terrestrial biodiversity
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2016
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Aim The knowledge of biodiversity facets such as species composition, distribution
and ecological niche is fundamental for the construction of biogeographic
hypotheses and conservation strategies. However, the knowledge on these facets
is affected by major shortfalls, which are even more pronounced in the tropics.
This study aims to evaluate the effect of sampling bias and variation in collection
effort on Linnean, Wallacean and Hutchinsonian shortfalls and diversity
measures as species richness, endemism and beta-diversity.
Location Brazil.
Methods We have built a database with over 1.5 million records of arthropods,
vertebrates and angiosperms of Brazil, based on specimens deposited in
scientific collections and on the taxonomic literature. We used null models to
test the collection bias regarding the proximity to access routes. We also tested
the influence of sampling effort on diversity measures by regression models. To
investigate the Wallacean shortfall, we modelled the geographic distribution of
over 4000 species and compared their observed distribution with models. To
quantify the Hutchinsonian shortfall, we used environmental Euclidean distance
of the records to identify regions with poorly sampled environmental conditions.
To estimate the Linnean shortfall, we measured the similarity of species
composition between regions close to and far from access routes.
Results We demonstrated that despite the differences in sampling effort, the
strong collection bias affects all taxonomic groups equally, generating a pattern
of spatially biased sampling effort. This collection pattern contributes greatly to
the biodiversity knowledge shortfalls, which directly affects the knowledge on
the distribution patterns of diversity.
Main conclusions The knowledge on species richness, species composition and
endemism in the Brazilian biodiversity is strongly biased spatially. Despite differences
in sampling effort for each taxonomic group, roadside bias affected
them equally. Species composition similarity decreased with the distance from
access routes, suggesting collection surveys at sites far from roads could
increase the probability of sampling new geographic records or new species.
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Beta-diversity, Wallacean shortfall, Endemism, Hutchinsonian shortfall, Linnean shortfall, Species distribution models, Species richness
Citação
OLIVEIRA, Ubirajara et al. The strong influence of collection bias on biodiversity knowledge shortfalls of brazilian terrestrial biodiversity. Diversity and Distributions, Oxford, v. 22, n. 12, p. 1232-1244, 2016. DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12489. Disponível em: https://onlinelibrary-wiley.ez49.periodicos.capes.gov.br/doi/10.1111/ddi.12489. Acesso em: 10 fev. 2023.