Influência da hereditariedade em marcadores de risco para hipertensão arterial

Abstract

Background: Genetic and environmental factors are equally important in determining blood pressure (BP). Changes in BP, insulin resistance (IR) and echocardiograms have been studied in offspring of hypertensive parents with contradictory results. Objective: Studying IR, BP, exercise test, cardiac morphology and function with echocardiogram, in normotensive young, with and without family history (FH) of hypertension (HTN). Methods: Students, 18 to 30 years, were included. They were divided into 3 groups: neither parent with HTN – G1, one of parents with HTN – G2 and both parents with HTN – G3. Exclusion criteria – HTN, obesity, smoking, using medication and comorbidities. The study evaluated weight, height, Body Mass Index (BMI), office BP, Ambulatory Blood Pressure Measurement (ABPM), exercise test, glycemia, insulin, HOMA-IR and Echocardiogram. ANOVA test was used to compare groups. Partial correlation adjusted for sex was used to evaluate associations. Results: Sixty-three individuals were studied. They were divided into 3 groups: G1 (n=21), G2 (n=22) and G3 (n=20). Mean age was 21.1±2.2 years, 39.1% were males. There was no difference regarding age, weight, height, BMI, office BP and ABPM. Group 3 had the lowest dipping of systolic BP (SBP) (p=0.052), the highest insulin levels (p=0.019), HOMA (0.006) and left atrium diameter (LAD) (p=0.020). We found a positive correlation between LAD with SBP (p=0.005), serum insulin (p=0.003) and HOMA (p=0.003). Conclusion: Results indicate that young offspring of hypertensive parents had more IR, changes in the BP circadian rhythm and have a bigger LAD, even with normal BP values.