Genética da conservação de Cabralea canjerana (Vell.) Mart. (Meliaceae) em fragmentos florestais de Mata Atlântica na apa Fernão Dias
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2015-04
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Resumo
The Atlantic Forest is the biome that is most severely affected by environmental fragmentation.
The analysis of genetic diversity structure and demographic and quantitative characteristics allow us to estimate
important population parameters to use in conservation programs of endangered species. Cabralea canjerana
ssp. canjerana (Meliaceae) is a dioecious tree species that can be considered as a model for Atlantic Forest
conservation studies. One hundred and eighty three individuals of eight C. canjerana subpopulations were
randomly sampled in forests fragments of the Environmental Protection Area (EPA) Fernão Dias, in Southern
Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Using microsatellite markers, the genetic diversity was estimated and contrasted with quantitative and geographic traits of these eight subpopulations. High levels of genetic diversity were
found. A small, but significant, portion of the total genetic variance is structured among the subpopulations
(θ = 0.053), structured in two different groups. The estimates of the levels of genetic diversity were higher
in populations above 1,800 meters of altitude, corroborating with the importance of these populations in
the maintenance of genetic diversity. The population density observed was also higher in high altitude fragments
(r = 0.849; p-value = 0.007). There was no significative correlation between phenotypic variables (height
of individuals and stem diameter) and genetic diversity measures. Conservationist efforts that improve gene
flow between these forest fragments must be stimulated, mainly between fragments of higher altitude and
fragments of lower altitude. It is shown that populations located at high altitudes have a greater number
of individuals per hectare and, therefore, higher levels of genetic diversity. These areas may be treated as
repository of genetic diversity and its maintenance is extremely important. The Brazilian Forest Code determines
that these areas above 1,800 meters altitude are considered as Permanent Protection Areas (PPA).
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Mata Atlântica, Diversidade genética, Conservação biológica, Brazilian Atlantic Forest, Genetic diversity, Biological conservation
Citação
MELO, Arthur Tavares de Oliveira et al. Genética da conservação de Cabralea canjerana (Vell.) Mart. (Meliaceae) em fragmentos florestais de mata atlântica na apa Fernão Dias. Revista Árvore, Viçosa, v. 39, n. 2, p. 365-374, mar./abr. 2015.