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Item Tratamento de esgoto sanitário em sistemas alagados construídos utilizando Typha angustifolia e Phragmites australis(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-08-28) ABRANTES, Lorena Lemes Martins; ALMEIDA, Rogério de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7455447665040845This study aimed to assess the efficiency of two vegetal species in the treatment of the sanitary sewer, in constructed wetlands system. Specifically, it aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the species Typha angustifolia (narrow-leaf cattail) and Phragmites australis (common reed), in their possible combinations, in the treatment of the sanitary sewer, in a constructed wetlands system, of vertical subsuperficial flux, with two flux directions (ascendant and descendant), related to the attributes: organic material, apparent color, ammonium nitrogen, phosphate, turbidity, chlorides, hardness, electrical conductivity, solids and thermotolerant coliforms. The experiment was conducted in the Researching Station in Sewer Treatment with Plants RSSTP (UFG), located in the Sewer Treatment Station (STS) Samambaia, in Goiânia, Goiás State, Brazil. The experimental unit has twenty four modules, grouped sequences of two modules (initial and final modules). Raw sewage which comes from the initial part of the ETE facultative pond was pumped into the deep of the treatment initial modules, filled up with substrate layers (in the deep filled up with rocks category number 3, followed by rocks category number 1, washed sand, and again rocks category number 1) and planted with cattail or reed. After going up by the vegetated substrate (ascendant vertical flux) the sewer was drained and conducted to the final treatment modules equally filled up and vegetated with one of the species, although being applied in the surface and drained by the deep (vertical descendant flux). The tax of sewer application was of 80 L.m-2dia-1, corresponding to a treatment area of 2 m2 per inhabitant. A year after the system implementation, during the period of 6 months, sewer samples were collected after passing through the flux sequences, each one with the combination of the two vegetal species, for the evaluation of the sewer attributes and calculation of the efficiency in the treatment. The results were analyzed by the Statistical Analysis System (SAS program), being used the tests F and the Tukey Kramer, considering 5% of probability. There were no meaningful differences in the efficiency of the treatments in the removal of the attributes: biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, ammonium nitrogen, phosphate, thermotolerant coliforms, chlorides, hardness, dissolved total solids and volatile total solids. The cattail was more efficient in the apparent color removal and turbidity. The reed presented more efficiency in the total solids removal. The position of the plant in the module sequence did not influence the apparent color and turbidity removals. The reed in the final module increased the removal of the attributes total solids and fixed total solids. It´s possible to verify that the technology of sewer treatment by using plants is efficient, since the species cattail and reed in the adopted system, provided results with removals higher 60% for the of the attributes: biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, apparent color, ammonium nitrogen, phosphate, thermotolerant coliforms and turbidity.Item Influência do ambiente no processo de produção de projetos arquitetônicos sustentáveis: Estudos de caso de habitação unifamiliar em Goiânia(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-09-30) ALVES, Rodrigo Santana; FIGUEIREDO, Enio José Pazini; lattes.cnpq.br/4075543806767323The principal aim of the present work is to understand the theoretical and methodological basis of the project design and discuss the process that generates the sustainable architecture, with a focus in the environmental factors. We discuss the introduction of the concept of sustainable architecture in the process of the generation of the architecture projects. First of all, we present in this thesis, the concepts of development and sustainable architecture, understanding these concepts for the process of the architecture project creation. In this study, we also give a brief historical review about the introduction of the environmental concepts for the architecture and the budding art technology related to environmental efficiency. The quantitative research was done based in interviews with a group of architects and in the analysis of four projects correlated with the data obtained from the research and the technical data from the bibliography. The interviews and the projects describe the architect toughs and actions, with the considerations of the professional practice.Item Aproveitamento de resíduos da extração de micaxisto em pavimentos flexíveis(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-06-24) ARAUJO, Weliton Eduardo Lima de; REZENDE, Lilian Ribeiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9258692609398794The recycling of materials has been strengthened as an efficient mechanism to minimise the problems caused by improper disposal of solid waste from human activities. Accordingly, the search for mechanisms able to absorb the waste from quarry, coming from the production of aggregates for construction, it becomes an important tool for mitigating externalities generated by the accumulation of such material. So the main objective of this research was to study the use of waste material from quarry as the basic constituent of layers and sub-base of flexible pavements. The residue studied comes from the processing of micaxist, and then called the dust of micaxist, coming from the quarry of the Department of Roads Rodagem the city of Goiania (DERMU-COMPAV). To assess the mechanical behavior, laboratory tests have been conducted (specific weight, Limits of consistency, size, compression, expansion and California Bearing Ratio) for samples: 1 (100% of micaxist powder), 2 (20% of powder micaxist and 80% soil), 3 (30% of powder micaxist and 70% only), 4 (soil), 5 (gravel) and 6 (30% crushed 1 and 70% soil). To assess the performance on the field of materials studied, was built in August and September 2007, a trial with a sentence of 300 meters, located at Amélia Rosa street, the site of Ipês, in Goiânia-Goiás, being divided into three sub-sections (soil + micaxisto of dust, soil + 1 and crushed gravel). The behaviour of these sub-sections were examined by means of testing the vial of sand, Speedy, proof of cargo on board, and dynamic cone penetromet, made during the execution of the sentence trial. With the data collected can be verified that the materials studied, with the exception of Sample 1, have shown properties physical and mechanical satisfactory, reflecting in a good technical performance in the laboratory and in field. The gravel had better results both in the laboratory to the field, proving the efficiency of such material has traditionally used in flooring. In general, concluded that for the dust of micaxist, the best performance was obtained for dosing 20% (Sample 2), comparable to traditional materials, thus demonstrating the possibility of using such waste in layers of sub-base and base of flexible pavements.Item Gestão e gerenciamento de resíduos de serviço de saúde dos grupos “A”, “B” e “E” no estado de Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-09-25) Ariza, Bernardo Guedes; Carvalho, Eraldo Henriques de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9604679266344482; Carvalho, Eraldo Henriques de; Pfeiffer, Simone Costa; Pasqualetto, AntônioThe growing generation of Health Services Waste is made by one of the great environmental preoccupations of the humanity. After the promulgation of the law 12305 in the August 02 of 2010 that established the National Politics of the Solid Residues, the theme solid residues gained distinction in national level. Health Services Waste, for definition, is the resultant residue of activities of unities of health that, for his characteristics, need processes differentiated in the handling, demanding or prior non-treatment for the final arrangement. The diagnosis of the current situation of the Health Services Waste attests with the preparation of policies that attend the demand of recuperation, treatment and final arrangement of these residues. The unsuitable handling of the Health Services Waste can be the cause of situations of risk, what in the alert on the necessity of the management being diagnosed in Goiás. In this way, in visit to establishments of health (pharmacy, odontologic clinic, veterinary clinic, basic unity of health and general hospital) in 6 local authorities from Goiás (Piranhas, Rubiataba, Santa Helena de Goiás, Goianésia, Luziânia and Goiânia), representing different population belts, it happened quantitativamente and qualitatively the Health Services Waste of the groups A, B and E produced in Goiás. In each establishment, the Health Services Waste were segregated and weighed. The hospitals, bigger creators of Health Services Waste, produce, on average, 1,76 Kg of Health Services Waste for bed occupied one service day. In Brazil, these values vary from 1,2 to 3,5 kg/bed.day. Regarding final destination, the incineration is the technology chosen by 76 % of the local authorities from Goiás for the destination of the RSS produced in public establishments of health. Meantime, the most viable alternative for the destination of the Health Services Waste, considering the reality from Goiás, is at disposal of the RSS of the groups A and E together with the municipal solid waste in joined sanitary landfills. For the destination of the Health Services Waste of group B, the most viable alternative is the incineration.Item Satisfação quanto aos serviços de abastecimento de água e esgotamento sanitário prestados em Goiás e a influência da qualidade da água na saúde da população(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-11-24) Arruda, Poliana Nascimento; Scalize, Paulo Sérgio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0957896448117207; Scalize, Paulo Sérgio; Barros, Rosana Gonçalves; Hora, Karla Emmanuela RibeiroThe existence of basic sanitation, as well as its quality is essential to the composition of a healthy environment. Several factors influence the search for quality services as fair tariffs, satisfaction of users of services, the management and the management sanitary actions among other attributes that basic sanitation of the municipality must contain and influence in achieving satisfactory index under health, education, economy, etc. This study aimed conduct a survey the characteristics of the Water Supply Systems (SAA) and System Sewage (SES), covering the management of services, collection and control, user satisfaction and the quality of the water distributed, and as the contents of Acute Diarrhoeal Diseases (DDA) in 21 municipalities in the state of Goiás in the management of sanitation services are performed by public bodies, or by municipalities through local authorities, departments and offices. The characteristics of the systems were obtained through on-site visits with application forms for healthcare managers, as well as forms of satisfaction for consumers in the period 2012 to 2014. The water quality data and DDA incidence come from respectively the Ministry of Health programs, Environmental Health Surveillance related to Water Quality for Human Consumption (Vigiagua) and Acute Diarrhoeal Diseases Monitoring (MDDA) for the year 2014. It was observed that in ten municipalities systems are managed by local authorities, four by departments and offices and seven without specific organ. The absence of water treatment was found in seven counties, six without specific organ, explaining the relationship with the management. In sewage noticed a deficiency in the presence of black tanks fully in 57,1% of the municipalities. The satisfaction of the population is related to economic, cultural and political factors, the latter being the predominant on the situation of public water and sewage, wherein the way management influences the existence of better infrastructure conditions. In the 21 municipalities tariff revisions occur in different ways and there is not a specific regulatory entity, the collection was observed in 67% of these municipalities. It was observed that in 21 municipalities there is a greater need as investment in infrastructure and the Goiana Agency Regulation, the regulatory body of the 225 remaining municipalities in the state of Goiás, while not complying with the law in all its spheres, contributes effectively in quality the services offered. As for water quality, it was found that the municipalities that do not have treated water levels above 70% of samples outside the potability standard were found, not being a correlation between the incidence of DDA and this aspect. Compliance with the guidelines Vigiagua is unsatisfactory, particularly for fluoride parameter and turbidity. It needs to occur an interaction between environmental and health sectors for the data to be analyzed together in order to be practical preventive, educational and corrective actions.Item Método para a determinação do fator de redução de área em bacias urbanas(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-06-18) BARBALHO, Fernando Duarte; FORMIGA, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7889484406721543The main objective of this work was to develop an empirical areal reduction factor - ARF - determination method for urban basins, which is a coefficient applied to average rainfall estimates for projects, given rainfall at a point. After a review about the subject, it was verified the needs of developing regional studies and the existence of some deficienes on current approaches. In this sense, it was tried to create an appropriate methodology given the spatial variability of extreme rainfall on urban basins. Therefore, the new suggested method, differently from the observed in others techniques, is primarily based on objective assessment of the ratio between extreme average rainfall calculated above several areas and the extreme point rainfall observed in gauges located in the center of those areas. After structuring it, the proposed method was tested in a pilot implementation with data obtained from a new raingauge network in the region of Córrego Botafogo Basin's, urban zone of Goiânia. The results were analyzed as to the dependence of ARF to area, duration and exceedance probability. It was found a strong relation with area, a minor with duration and the need of further studies about the exceedance probability influence. Lastly, the ARF values obtained with results fitting were compared with those indicated from other employed empirical models. From this study, it can be concluded that proposed methodology is appropriated to determine ARF, as its results are compatibles with assumptions established. However, new studies are needed, with a greater amounts of data, to obtain practical results.Item Uso do modelo qual2e no estudo da qualidade da água e da capacidade de autodepuração do Rio Araguari-AP (Amazônia)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2006-12-12) BÁRBARA, Viníciu Fagundes; SIQUEIRA, Eduardo Queija de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8130881429925800The current investigation presents a characterization of the hydraulics and water quality of the medium course of the Araguari River, State of Amapá, Brazil, which has an approximate extension of 120 km. The Araguari River is the main water resource of the State of Amapá, located in the domains of the Amazon (the greatest tropical forest of the planet) in a region with great hydropower potential. In the studied river stretch, there is a hydropower generation station called Coaracy Nunes (UHECN), the first barrage build in the Amazon for electrical generation. A model for DO and BOD has been built with the help of the QUAL2E modeling system, developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. For this purpose, during one and a half year, field trips have been conducted with the intent of characterizing spacially and seasonally the hydraulics, kinetics and water quality of the Araguari River. The modeling stages involved model construction, sensitivity analisys and calibration. After model calibration, three hypothetic cenarios were simulated: (1) the introduction of a new barrage upstream of the UHECN; (2) municipal untreated wastewater inflow from Porto Grande and Ferreira Gomes into the waterbody, including populational growth, during the high flow period; (3) the same cenario as before but during the low flow period. The carbonaceous organic matter present in water hás shown to decompose, in average, in the first five days of incubation. The values obtained for the BOD first order reaction coefficient layed between 0,13 d-1 and 0,90 d-1. The reaeration coefficient, K2, estimated based on hydraulic characteristics, layed between 0,01 d-1 and 1,40 d-1. The results of the sample collections in the river stretch has shown that, amongst the parameters measured, the following were mostly altered: pH, electric conductivity, total solids, suspended solids, fecal coliforms, ammonium, nitrate, BOD and DO. Fecal coliforms, pH, nitrate and BOD were in disagreement with limits defined by Brazilian Legislation on water quality (CONAMA 357/2005). The river impoundment has shown not to significantly alter the DO and BOD concentrations, however, the same statement can not be made for other water characteristics. The water characteristics mostly altered by the UHECN were: hydraulic (flow, velocity, breadth, cross-sectional area) and water quality (pH, electric conductivity, water temperature, total solids, suspended solids, fecal coliforms, nitrate, chloride, BOD and DO). The simulated scenario with municipal untreated wastewater inflow from Porto Grande and Ferreira Gomes (including population growth) into the waterbody during low flow period showed the most critical results in terms of the water quality. The worst simulated situation happened in the dry period in which the river flows decreased significantly and so did the river dilution capacity. In this period the greatest OD depletion occurred and achieved concentrations bellow 4.0 mg/L, in disagreement with Brazilian Water Quality Legislation (CONAMA 357/2005).Item Vazão ecológica na bacia hidrográfica do rio Meia Ponte, Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-07-26) Barbosa , Duane Izabel; Formiga , Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0787413754235970; Formiga , Klebber Teodomiro Martins; Soares, Alexandre Kepler; Ide, Carlos NobuyoshiThe resulting conflicts between the protection of aquatic ecosystems and the increasing demand for water catchment rivers, intended for different uses, have become increasingly complex due to the growing recognition of these ecosystems as legitimate users of water resources. In this sense the instream flow has been used as a tool to guide one ecologically sustainable management, which aims to protect the ecological integrity of the ecosystem affected, while serving the needs. The aim of this study is to determine the instream flows for 06 points basin Meia Ponte River using the hydrologic methods Q7,10, Curve Permanence Flows, Tennant and hydraulic method Wetted Perimeter and also characterize the conditions of the schemes streamflow at the point of study method of Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration. We used data from gauged stations of ANA (Agência Nacional das Águas). It is recommended the adoption of the IHA method (Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration ) to check, especially the behavior of the five components of flow considered ecologically relevant and together, apply, according to the specificities of each site and the financial resources available, another method that considers not only flows minimum to be maintained, but rather a series of measured flows that address the intra-and interannual variation characteristics of the hydrological regimes of each site. However, considering the impossibility of applying methods that contemplate instream flows or hydrograph ecological variables, it is recommended that, among the methods used in this study, the adoption of Q90 flow as instream flow for the points to be studied by this less restrictive that the flow rates obtained with other methods and therefore be able to address a wider range of ecological factors that maintain, wherever possible, the integrity of aquatic ecosystems.Item Avaliação da qualidade da água e sedimento de microbacias utilizadas para abastecimento público da região metropolitana de Goiânia(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-11-19) Batista, Maria Alciony Rosa da Silva; Kopp, Katia Alcione; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1861626532483595; Kopp, Katia Alcione; Siqueira, Eduardo Queija de; Brito, Nubia Natália deWater resources used for human consumption have been changing due to population growth that occurs often in a disorganized way, and the growing expansion of agriculture and industry, thus leading to degradation of water sources. Thus, given the impacts on water resources, it was established that water intended for human consumption must meet quality standards prepared in Resolution CONAMA No. 357/2005. This resolution regulates the quality standards which water intended for human consumption must have so that after treatment, can be used by the population. However, although the water for human consumption should be protected to prevent any contamination, it does not mean that this will be according to law. This is due to the fact that water resources in general, end up being the final destination of various types of pollutants. Thus, it is necessary to carry out analysis of sediments to complement the analysis of water quality that is intended for human consumption due to the fact that he act as a potential source of contaminants. Given the above, the objective of this study was to evaluate the water quality and sediment of four supply sources located in the metropolitan area of Goiânia/GO – Recanto Dourado, Ribeirão das Lajes, Córrego Vereda e Córrego Bom Sucesso. The study was divided into two chapters. The first chapter evaluated the quality of water sources from the results obtained from carrying out the temperature analysis, pH, electrical conductivity, DO, BOD, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total dissolved solids, total coliforms and Escherichia coli in the water. In the sediment, pH analyzes,% moisture,% organic matter and particle size were performed. The four supply sources were evaluated as belonging to the fresh water Class II according to CONAMA Resolution 357/2005. The results of physicochemical parameters have OD values and total phosphorus at odds with the established by legislation to fresh water Class II. In the second chapter, the quality of water and sediment of these four rivers was evaluated through the analysis of metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn and Pb. Only copper (Cu) concentrations were found, in water, in disagreement with the maximum values established by law. In the sediment there were no disagreements metal concentrations because all were below the established by the legislation. As the results of these parameters, except for the OD and total phosphorus, it can be concluded that these water supply sources, even displaying some kind of impact, in general, have good water quality, and may continue to be used for public supply. However, in all the rivers were found problems that can compromise their future use as water supply source such as loss of forest cover and silting. This, is needed continuous monitoring and the establishment of recovery actions of these water sources in order to ensure not only water quality, but its future permanence as source of water supply.Item Diretrizes para proposição de planos de segurança da água em sistemas de abastecimento municipais goianos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-12-10) Braga, Rafaela Jacob de Oliveira; Lobon, German Sanz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9912291468620261; Scalize, Paulo Sérgio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0957896448117207; Scalize, Paulo Sérgio; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; Barros, Rosana GonçalvesWater supply systems (WSS) for human consumption aim to produce and supply drinking water to the population through the distribution network. However, the need to revise the actuals methodological procedures that maintain the water quantity and water quality in satisfactory levels for domestic consumption has caused the World Health Organization to propose a new methodology called Water Safety Plan (WSP), still incipient at state of Goiás. In this way, this study aims to propose Safety Plan of Water to 21 cities located at the state of Goiás that presenting WSS managed by local governments. The study was divided into two chapters. The first chapter characterized the WSS of this 21 cities in the state of Goiás, including the collect, treatment and distribution of treated water, and identified ways of managing providers of sanitation services. It was observed that 61% of the supply systems provide by surface water supply system (SWSS). Mixed water supply systems (MWSS) and underground water supply system (UWSS) found up to 50% non-specific departments and 50% for the departments, respectively. Regarding the source of supply, it was noted that the worst results for the quality of supply source were assigned by the WSS managed by non-specific sanitary services departments. Only the cities Abadiânia, Corumbá de Goiás, Mineiros, Rio Quente, Trombas, Caldas Novas, Catalão, Panamá and Senador Canedo add fluorine to their treated water. In relation of the reservation and distribution system of treated water, there is the prevalence of elevated tanks. The worst scenarios for the reservation system and treated water distribution were found at the cities Cachoeira de Goiás, Guarinos, Mossâmedes, Nova Roma, Paranaiguara and São Simão. It was concluded that the WSS have diverse scenarios regarding the treatment of the water and the planning monitoring and maintenance of them are deficient. The second chapter identified the elements of risk perceived by the population associated with water resources. They evaluated the dangerous events by qualitative and quantitative techniques applied to goianos WSS managed by the own cities. The WSS were evaluated by collect system component, raw water reservoir and adduction (A); water treatment system (B); reservation system and distribution of treated water (C). The studied cities that have more high and very high risk, considering all components of the systems, are Cachoeira de Goiás, Guarinos, Mossâmedes, Nova Roma, Paranaiguara and São Simão. Regarding the UWSS, it seems that the A system component registered the same percentage to Cachoeira de Goiás and Guarinos. The B and C system components registered 62.5% and 50% at Cachoeira de Goiás and 75% and 78.5 % at Guarinos. The MWSS with the highest percentage of high and very high risks were situated at the cities Santa Rita do Novo Destino and Nova Roma (52.4 % for question A). Mossâmedes and Nova Roma were the cities that had the highest number of high risks and too high risks for the components B and C in MWSS. The cities Paranaiguara and São Simão had UWSS with the highest number of high and very high risk. The WSS at cities in the state of Goiás managed by the own cities feature deficiencies in the safe management of the water distributed to the population. It is necessary to adopt methodologies that addresses all components of the WSS regardless of system type.Item QUANTIFICAÇÃO DE PARÂMETROS CINÉTICOS DE NITROGÊNIO E OXIGÊNIO EM ÁGUAS SUPERFICIAIS PARA APLICAÇÃO EM MODELOS MATEMÁTICOS DE QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA. ESTUDO DE CASO: RIO MEIA PONTE, GOIÁS.(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-06-16) BRANDELERO, Suzi Mari; SANTIAGO, Mariângela Fontes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7143224488081563; SIQUEIRA, Eduardo Queija de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8130881429925800Mathematical models are gaining ever greater importance in the evaluation and comparison of management alternatives for natural water bodies. One of the difficulties in the use of water quality models for nitrogen and oxygen is the absence of kinetic parameter data about reactions in biochemical processes. The data in the current literature refer to foreign bodies of water, mainly in countries with a temperate climate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the processes of nitrogen and oxygen transformation in water. The Meia Ponte River, one of the principal rivers of Goiás, was the object of the study. The water samples were collected in an urban area of the municipality of Goiânia, Bairro Novo Goiânia 2, which presents apparent man-made interference with the natural environment. The study involved field work and laboratory experiments, as well as the analysis of historical flow data from the Goiânia River Flow Measurement Station. The reaeration coefficients (Ka) in dry and rainy periods, which ranged from 1.17 to 2.34 d-1 and from 0.63 to 2.01 d-1, respectively, were estimated on the basis of historical flow data from 1975 to 2005. The flow reading obtained at the River Flow Measurement Station cited above varied from 13.38 to 48.65 m3.s-1 in the rainy season and from 2.89 to 10,63 m3.s-1 in the dry season, an approximately sixteenfold variation. Samples were collected and taken to the laboratory. In the laboratory, the characterization parameters which deviated from the norms established by CONAMA resolution n° 357 - 2005 were (ranges of variation): (1) OD 0.74 to 5.04 mg.L-1; it was (2) true color 58.00 to 203 mg Pt.L-1; (3) total ammoniacal nitrogen from 0.56 to 3.27 L-1. Kinetic tests in turbulent conditions were carried out using modified Jar Test equipment. The reaeration coefficient (Ka20) was determined experimentally. The Ka20 varied between 3.60 and 11.51 d-1 with minimum-to-maximum rotation tests. The minimum rotation of the equipment was used for the nitrogen experiments to most closely approximate river conditions. Water samples were collected at regular intervals for nitrogen analysis. The ammonification and nitrification processes were monitored. A study of deoxygenation, DBO, was also carried out, and it varied from 4.11 to 21.24 mg.L-1. During the process of biological oxidation, the ranges of coefficient variation were: (1) deoxygenation (Kd20) 0.12 to 1.05 d-1; (2) ammonification (KNH4+20) and the coefficient of the disappearance of total ammoniacal nitrogen (KNH4 20) 0.01 to 0.12 d-1; (3) nitritation (KNO2+20) 0.15 to 0.76 d-1; (4) nitrite disappearance coefficient (KNO2 20)0.19 to 3.36 d-1; and (5) nitration (KNO3+20) 0.08 to 0.17 d-1. Under the same conditions as for nitrogen, nitrifying bacteria were monitored. The Nitrosomonas varied between 11 and ≥2400 NMP/100mL, presenting the same behavior profile as the concentration of nitrite, which varied from 0.04 to 5.60 mg.L-1. The Nitrobacter varied from 4 to 1386 NMP/100mL, presenting the same behavior profile as the concentration of nitrate, which varied from 0.82 to 3.99 mg.L-1. The biochemical kinetic coefficients that were obtained were corrected for the standard temperature of 20°C. An increase in organic matter was observed in the dry period, reflecting an increase in the concentration of most of the parameters measured. There was a positive correlation between the nitritation coefficients and flow, although the quantity of Nitrosomonas was greater during the dry period. The results obtained for reaeration, ammonification, and nitrification may be useful in the modeling of bodies of water under experimental conditions similar to those of the present study.Item Eficiência do leito de macrófitas na remoção de ovos de helmintos e coliformes termotolerantes e no desaguamento de lodo de esgoto sanitário(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-08-31) BUFÁIÇAL, Daniela de Souza Silva; ALMEIDA, Rogério de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7455447665040845This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of a constructed wetlands planted with the vegetal species white ginger (Hedychium coronarium J. König), narrow leaf cattail (Typha angustifolia L.) and papyrus sedge (Cyperus gigantus) under three charges application of the sludge from the sewage treatment station of Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil, in the reduction of thermotolerant coliforms and viable helminths eggs and sludge dewatering. It also aimed to characterize the sludge and to evaluate the quality of the filtrate, and to investigate the occurrence of substances excreted by the macrophytes roots, which may help reduce pathogens. The experiment was conducted at the Goiânia sewage treatment station. To evaluate the reduction of pathogens, the sludge dewatering and the filtrate quality were used 12 plastic containers, each one with 1 m3 of volumetric capacity, filled with support media containing 5 cm of gravel number one, a geotextile blanket and 20 cm of sand. In the gravel was installed a drainage system of gases, consisting of a PVC tube with 25 mm in diameter, in an "L" format, whose horizontal portion was drilled with holes of 4 mm in diameter. The sludge was applied at application rates of 43, 140 and 248 kg TS m-2 year, bringing the rates of 20, 70 and 120 L m-2 week, respectively. The applications of sludge were divided into two times a week, half on Tuesdays and half on Fridays. After three months of application, samples were taken from the dewatered sludge every 14 days, and sent to the laboratory for solids, thermotolerant coliforms and viable helminths eggs determination. During three weeks the filtrate was collected in each container and submitted to analysis of solids and thermotolerant coliforms. To investigate the release of toxins by macrophytes roots were used four 20 L buckets containing sand as support medium. Three buckets were planted with the species of macrophytes and one wasn t planted. The buckets were irrigated with dechlorinated water for four months, keeping the water level inside the buckets at 5 cm from the substrate surface. After this period 2 L samples of effluent from each bucket were collected and sent to the laboratory to investigate the antimicrobial activity. The results were analyzed using the Statistical Analysis System (SAS), performing F and Tukey Kramer (5% probability) tests. About the filtrate there was no significant difference in the removal of solids and thermotolerant coliforms in the rates of 70 L m-2 week and 120 L m-2 week. At the rate of 20 L m-2 week there was no filtrated material. For the dewatered sludge there was no significant difference in the removal of thermotolerant coliforms, viable helminths eggs and solids concentration among the treatments. The total solids were lower at the application rate of 120 L m-2 week. Plant development was hampered by sludge application and at the application rate of 120 L m-2 week, the species narrow leaf cattail and papyrus sedge had died after three months of sludge aplication. The extracts found at the water in contact with the macrophytes roots didn t inhibit microbial activity. The dewatered sludge treated by the constructed wetlands attended the 375 Conama Resolution for type A sludge for viable helminthes eggs and for type B sludge for thermotolerant coliformsItem Desempenho da Tecnologia de Filtração em Múltiplas Etapas (FiME) no Tratamento de Águas de Abastecimento em Escala Piloto(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-12-18) CAMPLESI, Daniela Cristina Fonseca; SIQUEIRA, Eduardo Queija de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8130881429925800The present work has evaluated the efficiency of an MSF system for treating supplying water on a pilot scale. A MSF pilot plant was located in the Water Treatment Station (WTS) area in Goianápolis- GO and fed by Sozinha stream. The plant was comprised of a dynamic prefilter (DPF) and a vertical upflowing pre-filter (VUF) in layers, both of them with different granular compositions; a slow sand filter (SSF); and a slow sand filter with activated carbon (SSFAC), which was called SEQ. 1. The second sequence of the trial, SEQ. 2, was comprised of a dynamic pre-filter (DPF) and a slow sand filter (SSF-2). The filtration rates in use were 24 and 48 m3/m2 a day for DPF, 12 e 24 m3/m2. day for APF; 3 e 6 m3/m2. day for SSF and SSFAC. The efficiency was evaluated by analyzing turbidity, apparent color, total suspended solids (TSS), as well as total thermo tolerant coliforms. The following items were evaluated: the filtration rates ranging effect onto the MSF unit trial system efficiencies; the MSF system efficiency comparison to the WTS complete cycling treatment; and the correlations between turbidity, color, and coliforms removals and the TSS removals. The results obtained from the trials have shown that DPF and VUF are important units for microorganisms and solid particles retaining, for it prepares the effluent in order to submit it into slow filtration. They have also shown that they make it possible for the roughing filtration to last longer. Generally put, it presents that the slow filters are significantly and above 90% efficient in removing TSS, color and turbidity, and 99% efficient in removing total coliforms and thermotolerant coliforms in all roughing filtration. After comparing the quality of both the water produced by MSF and the one by the complete cycling WTS, it was noticed that MSF produces water with quality similar to the complete cycling WTS. The range for the filtration rates has had significant influence only in the removal efficiencies of color and turbidity. There isn t correlation among the removals of the parameters color, turbidity, TSS and coliforms but for the correlation among apparent color and true color. The experiment results suggest that MSF technology, when suitably operated, it is a viable system for the treatment of supplying water and produced water with low levels of color, turbidity, TSS and coliforms is that 40% of the samples, provided drinking water under conditions compatible to those established by Decree 518/2004 of the Ministry of Health (BRAZIL, 2004) for human consumptionItem Estudo do potencial de remoção de substâncias húmicas na água com aplicação de enzimas fúngicas(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-09-02) CAMPOS, Rykelly Faria; SANTIAGO, Mariângela Fontes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7143224488081563The humic substance (SHs), organic matter in different stages of degradation are formed during the decomposition of plant and animal residues in the environment, it is important to remove them, as they can give undesirable characteristics to the water distributed. The use of microorganisms such as fungi, for this removal are extremely important, since their role in sanitation is to act on processing organic waste, where they function as recyclers of matter in different ecosystems. This work aimed to study the production of phenol oxidase enzymes, peroxidases white decomposition by fungi (Trametes villosa and Pycnoporus sanguineus) for the removal of HSs in the water. The work was divided into parts: extracted, purified and characterized the humic and fulvic acids, was placed just after the HSs in water and we used the fungal enzymes for their removal, tests were also performed in the Jar Test. Analysis of the composition of HSs (characterization) and verification of degradation was performed by spectrophotometry in the ultraviolet and visible region, and infrared spectroscopy, by determining the enzyme production. The extraction method used was effective in the separation of humic and fulvic acids, the spectra of extracted humic acids showed carboxylic groups, alkyl, aromatic, alcohol, phenol and carbohydrates. The predominant enzyme in all fungal species used was laccase (Lcc); analyzed samples of Trametes villosa showed the largest decrease in absorbance at several wavelengths in the ultraviolet / visible (UVVis) spectra, an indirect measure of degradation. The samples containing the fungus Trametes villosa were also those that had a higher laccase enzyme production in most trials, reaching a production of 3.48 mL-1 with humic acid from Sigma-Aldrich® brand and 2.61 U.mL-1 for humic acid extracted and getting a percentage rate of removal of 56% and 42% respectively of these acids. In tests with fulvic acid and fungi at different pHs (3.0, 5.0 and 7.0), all has decreased range of UV/Vis with percentage removal rates of 92%. T villosa showed the higher rates of adsorption evidenced byUV-Vis spectrum, albeit to a lesser extent than those treated withenzymes, their highest percentage of adsorption was 86%. Fungi in this study have great potential for degradation and adsorption of humic substances present in water.Item Desempenho de um sistema de alagado construído, plantado com capim vetiver (chrysopogon zizanioides (l.) roberty), na remoção de metais e de p, s e se de resíduos de fossa(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-06-17) Cardoso Filho, Delcir Magalhães; Almeida, Rogério de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7455447665040845; Almeida, Rogério de Araújo; Gil, Eric de Souza; Pasqualetto, AntônioThe pits and septic tanks wastes have high organic load, pathogens, metals and other elements, requiring appropriate treatment for not pollute the environment. Among the alternatives for their treatment, it has recently been proposed to use constructed wetlands. However, information on such use is scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of a constructed wetlands system using the Vetiver grass plant species (Chrysopogon zizanioides), on removing metals, P, S and Se from cesspools residues. Two tanks were constructed, dug into the ground (planted tank and control) and filled with a substrate consisting of gravel # 0, gravel # 1 and medium sand. The system built has operated under batch, with Hydraulic Retention Time of six days and subsurface vertical downward flow. Through obtained concentrations of different inorganic elements on: the applied cesspools residues; the treated effluent; the sludge accumulated at tanks surface and; the vegetal tissues, they were calculated: the total loads influent to the system; the output loads; the efficiency in removing attributes; the load accumulated at tanks surface; the load absorbed by macrophytes and; the loads retained in the roots and by the substrate. The attributes removal efficiency was calculated considering the evapotranspiration that showed an average rate of 40.27% in the Vetiver tank. The applied cesspools residues showed considerable variability in their concentrations. The concentrations of the treated effluent were subjected to Tukey test (α = 0.05). The effluents concentrations from Vetiver and control tanks statistically differed only for antimony, sulfur and iron, but the Vetiver grass showed removal efficiency greater than 20% to 30 of the 33 analyzed parameters.Item Mapeamento agrícola com imagens de sensores remotos orbitais para apoio ao gerenciamento de recursos hídricos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-08-11) Carmo, Nadyelle Curcino do; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6466969611652630; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; Soares, Alexandre Kepler; Barbalho, Maria Gonçalves da SilvaThe catchment areas of water are extremely important because they have the function of providing water for public supply, and its occupation should be monitored to avoid damage to its environmental quality. Currently, most of the mappings of use and occupation of land classified as agriculture evenly, not discriminate their crops, which could help more effectively in the planning and management of natural resources. This work aims at mapping the major crops of the state of Goiás, using GIS tools and remote sensing in order to provide support for managing water resources in the region. Vegetation indices produced from data collected by MODIS the years 2007-2013 to map cane sugar, corn and soybeans and winter corn were used. The methodology proved feasible, cost effective and promising for mapping corn and soybeans results, but the similarities obtained in relation to official data, for mapping of cane sugar and winter corn were not satisfactory. In a second step was quantified occupation of catchment basins of water for public supply for corn and soybeans in the state. The results showed that of the 183 catchment basins, 100 have these crops and that the basins of southern Goiás have densified occupation. The main conclusion of the paper is that the use and occupation of land in the catchment should be systematically monitored, which is quite feasible using images from satellite sensors with high temporal resolution, such as the MODIS images.Item Avaliação das interferências da disposição de resíduos de fossas e tanques sépticos em lagoas de estabilização que tratam lixiviados: estudo de caso para o aterro sanitário de Anápolis (GO)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-03-20) Carrilho, Samara Monayna Alves Vasconcelos; Carvalho, Eraldo Henriques de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9604679266344482; Carvalho, Eraldo Henriques de; Teran, Francisco Javier Cuba; Oliveira, Sérgio Botelho deThe destination of septage has resulted in environmental and public health problems, due especially to the lack of adequate alternatives for its destination and of closer, more rigorous monitoring. The problem worsens in areas lacking sewage treatment plants, since the disposal in such systems has been the most widely used practice in the country. In this way, the current research aims to evaluate the effects of the sludge disposal in the performance, operation and maintenance of treatment plant of leachate from landfill of Anápolis (GO). The characterization of the municipality RST was also performed by analyzing of twelve composite samples, each one from five vacuum trucks. It was evaluated the system consists of two identical modules, one it was the control group and another one received the RST. This module was submitted, increasingly, to differents Rate Volumetric Application (RVA) of RTS. Thus, the study was divided into five phases, starting with RVA of 13 % up to 204 %. Various parameters (BOD, COD, pH, oil and grease, total phosphorus, ammoniacal nitrogen, suspended solids, settling solids and Escherichia coli) were analyzed for the samples from the influent and effluent of the anaerobic and facultative ponds. It was also evaluated the impact on the maintenance and operation in the system plant, by measuring the height of the sludge in anaerobic lagoon and quantification of scum formed on the surface anaerobic pond. In facultative ponds it was performed by raising the phytoplankton community, ordering to identify possible interference in the richness and abundance of algae and cyanobacteria in these ponds. The data were statistically analyzed by the Studentt test, and the results indicated that until to 18 % of RVA there were no significant changes in the quality of treated leachate (effluent of stabilization ponds). Since the RVA of 35 % was detected a significant difference in the concentration of E. coli and ammoniacal nitrogen in treated effluent (p < 0.05). At the RVA of 204% the concentration of phosphorus in the final effluent from facultative pond increased. There was an increase in sludge generation of 266% in the receiving anaerobic pond and only 38% in the control anaerobic pond. In addition, there was a thick layer of scum only on the surface of the receiving anaerobic pond. The phytoplankton community of facultative ponds was similar and presented low diversity. The Chlorella genera were dominant in both lagoons. From the results of this study, it is recommended the conjugate treatment of RFTS and leachate in stabilization ponds systems, because even applying RVA of 204%,the final effluent don’t have concentrations higher than those stipulated by CONAMA Resolution 430/2011.Item Calibração de modelos de drenagem urbana utilizando algoritmos evolucionários multiobjetivo(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-08-29) CARVALHO, Maíra de; FORMIGA, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7889484406721543CARVALHO, M. Calibration models of urban drainage using multiobjective evolutionary algorithms. 2011. Dissertation (Masters of Environmental Engineering) - Civil Engineering College, Post-Graduation Stricto Sensu Program in Environmental Engineering - Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil, 2011.. This study proposed to develop and implement a calibration routine hydrological models applied to urban drainage using multiobjective optimization techniques. To make this work possible model was adopted Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) and the computational algorithms developed in MATLAB environment using an evolutionary algorithm. The method was applied to two different levels of detail in representing the Arroyo Cancels basin, located in the urban area of Santa Maria-RS, submitted to the hydrological processes involved in the process of rainfall-runoff transformation in the search for optimal values of hydrological parameters the basin. Objective functions were defined and applied simultaneously in the calibration parameters. Worked with the simulation of events of low and high intensity settings for two discretization of the watershed, and other simple and subdivided into 18 sub-basins. The sensitivity analysis performed made it possible to check that the parameters that most influenced the basin were simple: Percentage of impervious area and outlet width. Regarding the results for the various watershed discretization can be seen that in most cases when working with a more detailed watershed they were better, except for some isolated events. Overall the model showed better results when high-intensity simulated events for the best compromise solutions, thus showing the importance of using a multiobjective model.Item Resíduos de poli (tereftalato de etileno) e de pneu na confecção de pisos flutuantes para o isolamento do ruído de impacto(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-08-21) CARVALHO, Maria Luiza de Ulhoa; FERREIRA, Regis de Castro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3206688887219284The demographic growth has created a gain in urban solid waste that deteriorates the citizen s quality of life. High buildings represent the main way for accommodations in big cities for these growing urban populations. However, impact sound insulation has shown itself quite poor. In order to propose an alternative way of minimization to the two problems, residue generation and impact noise, this study aimed to investigate the viability of using poly (ethylene-terephthalate) - PET and rubber tire residues for impact sound insulation in floating floors. Plates of 1 m² with thickness of 1.5 and 2.5 cm to 1:4 and 1:5 (ciment:residue) ratios were molded for the acoustic experiments, as well as portable mortar slabs covered with high and popular quality floor coverings. The main methods used were ISO 140-7 (1998) for measuring the standardized impact sound pressure level, L nT, in one-third-octave bands and ISO 717-2 (1996) to calculate the weighted standardized impact sound pressure level, L nT,w. Both residues presented high sound insulation in relation to their references. It was observed that the results for the PET specimen were superior to those of the rubber tires residue. However, the results among the residues presented different tendencies as their ratio changed. While the impact sound insulation of the rubber tires samples decreased with the increase of residue, PET samples presented more insulation with residue increase. Another observed factor was that the high quality floor covering presented a significant superior impact sound isolation compared to the popular floor covering. Considering all results, it is possible to conclude that the use of the studied residues in floating floors contributes to impact sound insulationItem Avaliação do desempenho de pavimentos permeáveis(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-09-22) Castro, Thiago Quintiliano de; Siqueira, Eduardo Queija de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8130881429925800; Siqueira, Eduardo Queija de; Zuffo, Antônio Carlos; Rezende, Lílian Ribeiro Rezende; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro MartinsThis study aimed to evaluate the experimental performance of three types of permeable pavements constructed in three different structural conditions in order to control runoff in urbanized areas of the city of Goiania, Goias, adapting to the legal requirements and using local manufactured materials. It was evaluated nine experimental plots of 3.2 m² as the following types: PAV - concrete block "paver", PCP - porous concrete plate and GCC - concrete block "concregrama" and the following structural conditions: I - base of sand and natural subgrade, II - base of sand and compacted subgrade and III - base of sand, gravel subbase and compacted subgrade. Using an artificial rain simulator, 18 tests were performed with two pre-defined rain, a medium intensity (69 mm / h) and a high intensity (180 mm / h). The subgrade soil and building materials were characterized, measured the surface and subsurface runoff, and moisture of the layers of the pavement. The parameters of the models of Horton and Green-Ampt were obtained by adjusting the calculated data infiltration. Combinations PCP-II, PCP-III, II-CCG, CCG-III and PAV-III showed little or no runoff. The delay and persistence in critical times of the runoff hydrograph also secured good results to the PCP, which generally showed higher soaking times (7,2 to 30,4 minutes) compared to the other types of pavement. The structure that showed the best hydrological performance was the III, whose results ranged from 0 to 0,19 for the runoff coefficient. The results showed that porous pavements evaluated in this study contribute to the reduction of runoff, because of low runoff coefficients (0 to 0,36) obtained. Constructive guidelines on the type of permeable pavement that performed better were drawn and described.