Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais
URI Permanente desta comunidade
Navegar
Navegando Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais por Por tipo de Acesso "Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International"
Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 27
Resultados por página
Opções de Ordenação
Item Efeitos genotóxicos, mutagênicos e comportamentais de nanopartículas de dióxido de titânio em girinos de Dendropsophus minutus (Hylidae, Anura)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-08-20) Amaral, Diogo Ferreira do; Rocha, Thiago Lopes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6325937100056775; Silva, Daniela de Melo e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9895211901348365; Rocha, Thiago Lopes; Jacob, Raquel Fernanda Salla; Silva, Cláudio Carlos da; Nomura, Fausto; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro MartinsNanomaterials (NMs) have been used in an increasing number of commercial products, and its rapid expansion could lead to their release into aquatic environments. The accelerated production of the various types of conventional products at nanoscale has been fundamental for the economic progress of several countries. Many types of nanoparticles and nanomaterials are already being used, and other varieties are expected to appear in the future. However, there is little knowledge about the impact of NMs on biota, especially on amphibians. Therefore, there is a need to better classify and understand NMs. The first part of our study has reviewed the historical use of amphibian species as model systems in nanoecotoxicological studies, which summarized data available in the scientific literature on the genotoxic, mutagenic, histopathological, embryotoxic, and reproductive effects of NMs in different groups of amphibians. The interaction, bioaccumulation, mode of action (MoA), and ecotoxicity of NMs in amphibians were also reviewed. The nanoecotoxicological studies were carried out with 12 species of amphibians, eight from the Anura order and three from the Caudata order. Xenopus laevis was the most studied species. Studies were conducted primarily with inorganic NMs (72%) compared to organic ones. Nanoecotoxicity depends on the behavior of the NM, the transformation in the environment, and the developmental stages of the amphibians. The MoA of NMs in amphibians was mainly associated with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress, genotoxic and mutagenic effects. The results emphasized the need for more studies that test the ecotoxicity of different NMs, concentrations, and exposure periods in environmentally relevant approaches. In addition, there is a need for standard protocols for nanoecotoxicological testing with amphibians. The reviewed data showed that amphibians are suitable organisms to assess the environmental impact of NMs and indicated essential gaps in research on the ecotoxicity of NMs in freshwater ecosystems, as well as recommendations for future research. In this sense, we observed from the first chapter that the most produced and consumed nanoparticles worldwide are titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs); whose release into the environment are known to induce toxic effects in aquatic invertebrates and vertebrates. However, knowledge of its impact on neotropical amphibians remains limited. Thus, the second chapter of this thesis aimed to evaluate the toxicity of TiO2 NPs and its dissolved counterpart, titanium dioxide (TiO2), in a species of anuran neotropical amphibian (Dendropsophus minutus). DNA damage, biometric parameters, and behavioral changes were analyzed in tadpoles after exposure to three environmentally relevant concentrations (0.1, 1.0, and 10 mg L-1) of TiO2 and TiO2 NPs for 7 days. As a result, we verified DNA damage in D. minutus tadpoles exposed to both forms of Ti compared to the control group. We also identified a similar reduction in overall size, body length, width, and height of the tail musculature in tadpoles exposed to TiO2 and TiO2 NPs compared to unexposed tadpoles. Regarding the behavioral test, the tadpoles showed less mobility and were more distant from the conspecifics (less aggregated) when exposed to NPs. Therefore, the simultaneous use of multiple biomarkers was essential to assess the adverse effects of the nanomaterial and establish a reliable approach for biomonitoring of aquatic ecosystems. Our study increases the knowledge about the genotoxic, morphological, and behavioral effects of TiO2 and TiO2 NPs in anuran amphibians, contributing to future studies in the environmental risk assessment of nanomaterials.Item Conformidade entre dados biofísicos orbitais e terrestres para o zoneamento agroclimático, identificação espaço-temporal de tendências de precipitação e suas relações com uso e cobertura da terra no bioma cerrado(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-09-10) Bettiol, Giovana Maranhão; Ferreira, Manuel Eduardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4498594723433539; Ferreira, Manuel Eduardo; Ferreira Júnior, Laerte Guimarães; Luiz, Gislaine CristinaContext The Cerrado biome plays a prominent role in Brazilian and global agricultural production, where approximately 50% of the national agricultural production and 30% of the country's gross agricultural income are in this biome. The Climatic Risk Agricultural Zoning (ZARC) arises as an important instrument of the Brazilian agricultural policy by indicating more favorable dates of crop planting on a municipal scale. The improvement of the methodology used in ZARC is of paramount importance and should be carried out continuously. Altitude and temperature are important agricultural conditions, with altitude being one of the factors used for the calculation of temperature by utilizing regression equations. As for the precipitation data, they are factored in the modeling of the water balance of different agricultural crops in ZARC. Goals In this context, the current study aims to analyze the conformity/accuracy between the altitude and precipitation data obtained from terrestrial reference stations and estimated by orbital sensors, and to identify trends of increase or decrease of precipitation in the Cerrado biome, itemized by classes of land use and land cover. Materials and methods The digital elevation models (MDEs) analyzed were NASADEM_HGT from NASA and ALOSAW3D30 version 3.1 from the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), both with a spatial resolution of 30 meters. These models were evaluated according to the parameters recommended in the Cartographic Accuracy of Digital Cartographic Products Standard (PEC-PCD), which defines tolerances according to the evaluation scale and classes (A, B, C, or D). NASA's IMERG Final Run Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) data, available every half hour, were compared with the hourly measurements of 215 automatic surface weather stations of the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) of the Cerrado biome in the 2017-2019 period. In addition, considering the period from 2000 to 2019, areas of precipitation tendency were identified in the biome and compared to the predominant classes of land use and land cover, obtained by the MapBiomas project. Results Considering class A of the PEC-PCD, MDE NASADEM_HGT was compatible with 1:250,000 scales and smaller, while MDE ALOS AW3D30 reached scales of 1:100,000 and smaller. When compared to each other, the models provide close and similar altitude measurements and may be used in ZARC. There was great conformity between GPM precipitation data and data from automatic weather stations, notably for months of the dry season (May to September), especially June, which showed the best performance (0.89), high agreement (0.96), and very strong positive correlation (0.93). All the evaluation indices that were considered, that is, detection probability, false alarm rate, critical success rate, and correct percentage, demonstrated a high ability to detect rain via orbital data. For the 2000 - 2019 period, it was possible to notice that the dry season in the biome is being intensified. Approximately 20% of the Cerrado that is covered with native vegetation showed a trend of statistically significant reduction of precipitation of -2.58 mm/month and -2.55 mm/month in 12% of the total area of Cerrado with anthropic cover. The areas that presented significant positive precipitation trends occupied 5% of the Cerrado (around 5 mm/month of increase). Final considerations The results of this study showed that the MDEs and the GPM data have great potential to be incorporated into the ZARC methodology, especially to complement the historical series of data from surface rainfall stations. More in-depth studies need to be conducted to analyze the trend of increase or decrease in precipitation with possible relations with changes in the land use and land cover of the biome.Item Pagamento por serviços ambientais: análise do programa “Produtor de Água no Ribeirão João Leite”(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-02-26) Canedo, Luís Fernando Teixeira; Ribeiro, Francis Lee; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1763392088652134; Ribeiro, Francis Lee; Faria, Karla Maria Silva de; Silva, Alexandre Rodrigo Choupina AndradeIn 2015, Saneamento de Goiás S / A - SANEAGO, with the support of the National Water Agency - ANA and other federal, state and municipal agencies, initiated the payment program for environmental services - PES to rural producers located in the Ribeirão João Leite watershed, with the primary objective of environmentally revitalizing the basin and obtaining improving the quantity and quality of water. The choice of this location was motivated by being a very anthropized area, with high environmental degradation, the scene of conflicts over the use of water and where the main reservoir for supplying Goiânia-GO, capital of the State of Goiás, is located. Nevertheless, there were programs all over the world that used the PES name but that were not true PSAs from the perspective of environmental economics, which portrays the mainstream of economic thought and exerts a strong influence with international multilateral organizations, in addition to being more likely to attract private investment. In addition, since the early 1990s, hundreds of PES schemes have been implemented around the world with varying levels of success. In many countries there have been totally or partially failed experiences of PES, either because they have not achieved the objectives they set themselves, or because they have not achieved general improvement in the ecological, economic and social conditions of the region, or even because they have compromised ecosystem services even more, the economy or the well-being of participants and others. Another problem is that Brazil does not yet have a national PES policy that establishes the legal frameworks to be observed by program participants and formulators. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare the Water Producer Program in Ribeirão João Leite - PPARJL in the face of these issues. For this purpose, bibliographic and field research were carried out, based on the analysis of the program's documentary collection and on semi-structured questionnaires applied to the main representatives of the agencies participating in the program. The results demonstrate that the PPARJL is a Coasian-type program, formulated from the perspective of environmental economics, a branch of neoclassical economic theory. Regarding the chances of success, it was found that the design and praxis of PPARJL bring it closer to the definition of success than that of partial success or failure. However, the survey also revealed notable failures and problems that can mitigate the program's success. Finally, it was also possible to conclude that the legal format adopted by PPARJL is sufficient to provide legal certainty to the public entities and producers that make up the program.Item Disponibilidade hídrica superficial e subterrânea em assentamentos em Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-03-31) Costa, Isabella Almeida; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0787413754235970; Scalize, Paulo Sérgio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0957896448117207; Scalize, Paulo Sérgio; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; Basso, Raviel Eurico; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro MartinsDue to the numerous cases of population supply problems due to low water availability, this subject has become one of the references for the management of water. The lack of studies directed at settlement communities makes this management difficult and the reality of the families is unknown. In order to determine the consumption and availability of surface and underground water and the respective specific flow rates in settlements in the state of Goiás, settled communities from the Regional Superintendence 04 of the National Institute for Colonization and Agrarian Reform (INCRA) were selected. The aquifers and study basins were identified according to the location of 62 communities. Through data analysis and methodological application it was possible to obtain estimates of water availability for each community, using the parameters of reference flow rate in 95% of the time (Q95) and exploitable volumes of groundwater and deep aquifers, thus making it possible to calculate the specific flow rates for each resource analyzed. The demands for consumption and for the development of activities were stipulated in order to establish correlation with the results found. It was observed that with regard to surface resources the demands can be met in 64.52% of the settlements, as for the underground resources this index remained at 100% for deep aquifers and 80% for groundwater aquifers. This demonstrates the importance of knowledge regarding the use of resources for the supply of each family and that allows each of these communities to understand the water situation and promote the management of these water resources.Item Potencial do sensoriamento remoto aéreo e orbital na análise do manejo integrado do fogo: um estudo de caso no Parque Nacional Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-01-24) Costa, João Vitor Silva; Nunes, Gustavo Manzon; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7168736682633275; Ferreira, Manuel Eduardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4498594723433539; Ferreira, Manuel Eduardo; Faria, Karla Maria Silva de; Araújo, Fernando Moreira de; Nunes, Gustavo ManzonFire is an element of great protagonism in the Cerrado. It occurs naturally since the beginning of the biome, playing an important role in the maintenance of this rich ecosystem. With the intensification of the anthropic occupation process, which started in the mid-1950s, the recurrence of forest fires grew excessively, largely due to the use of fire as a conversion tool. In the period from 1985 to 2020, approximately one third of the Cerrado territory experienced some fire event, with areas with very high recurrence. Years with more than 10 million hectares burned have been recorded. In recent years, environmental managers have started to adopt the prescribed burning practice, not only for building firebreaks, but also as a way to control the amount of vegetation biomass, which is the fuel for forest fires. This and other practices make up the Integrated Fire Management. In this context, this project aims to understand the potential of aerial and orbital remote sensing in the analysis of Integrated Fire Management, using time series of satellite images, and data obtained in loco by the Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS). The results achieved showed better potential in the use of Drones due to the level of detail of the data, capable of providing information at the understory level. This detail becomes more important when fire management is carried out at the beginning of the dry season, and biomass control is lower. It is worth mentioning that, even less effective in analyzing early burning, the satellite images, Sentinel-2, had satisfactory results for analyzing burning in the months of June and July, registering a correlation between data of R² = 0.71.Item Avaliação ambiental das bacias de captação de água no estado de Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-12-27) Dantas, Tiago Miranda; Ribeiro, Hugo José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9999213878472864; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6466969611652630; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; Arruda, Poliana NascimentoConsidering the assumption of limited natural resources, it is clear that preservation initiatives are essential for maintaining a balanced socio-environmental system. The change in land use over the past decades in the Cerrado biome shows an occupation focused on activities predominantly of agriculture and cattle ranching, with public and fiscal incentives, which guaranteed access to producers and large companies to new technologies and methods to make the biome, a world reference in the production of commodities. The expansion of the agricultural frontiers from the second half of the 20th century on, made the Goiás state a reference in agribusiness, which leveraged the regional economy. However, these occupation processes have directly affected many environmentally fragile areas, which can directly impact the natural resource base for all production processes, water. The Goiás state has 192 hydrographic basins for public supply in which their collection points are managed by SANEAGO, the sanitation company, which in recent years has been reporting recurrences of emergency situations in the water supply of municipalities in periods of drought, which directly affects the populations of the municipalities supplied. Thus, this study aimed to identify the change in land use and occupation in the water catchment areas of the state, correlating data on precipitation and factors that identify areas of environmental fragility. The results obtained showed that in the water supply watersheds of the Goiás municipalities there has been no change in rainfall intensities. However, the catchments located in the central-southern portion of the state of Goiás have their native vegetation cover impacted due to the occupation processes, which occurred without planning, enabling the increase of erosive processes, affecting the production of sediments, besides the water recharge. It is important that the Goiás state develops specific policies aimed at the sustainable use of water catchment areas, seeking the preservation of native vegetation in environmentally fragile areas of these watersheds, thus ensuring the water security of the municipalities.Item O estado brasileiro e a expansão de fronteiras(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-06-01) Dias, Denise Oliveira; Silva, Sandro Dutra e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0209794264314643; Miziara, Fausto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3275079358565458; Miziara, Fausto; Lameirão, Camila Romero; Oliveira, Adriano Rodrigues de; Teixeira, Denilson; Moretto, Samira PeruchiThis is a doctoral thesis developed during 2019-2023, whose general objective was to identify the relationship between three different governments in Brazilian political history with the Environment, through the analysis of the laws and public policies of each of these governments. The governments analyzed in the research were the first government of Getúlio Vargas (1930-1945), the first phase of the military government (19764-1975), and, finally, the Bolsonaro government (2019-2022). The analysis of the environmental laws enacted by these governments were carried out through documentary and legislative consultation, and the discussion of these laws was carried out through bibliographical research. The results showed that there are points in common in the mode of operation of these governments concerning environmental policy, and the relationship between the three governments is noted in the similarity between their cosmovision regarding the Frontier, the Environment, and the way of operating the State with its alliances with traditional oligarchic groups and the edition of narratives that consider them as “myths”, “heroes”, who fight for “protection” against the ghosts of “communism” and “institutional bureaucracy”. While, in practice, it maintains traditional alliances with conservative and economically dominant groups, operationalizing the State through laws to finance the expansion of the border, in the first two governments in a controlled and planned manner, and the third in an omissive and uncontrolled method, exposing thus to environmental and social problems.Item Valoração dos danos ambientais à fauna silvestre decorrentes da implementação da Estrada-Parque GO-239(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-05-28) Domiciano, Felipe Silva; Ribeiro, Francis Lee; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1763392088652134; Ribeiro, Francis Lee; Miziara, Fausto; Abdala, Klaus de OliveiraThis research aimed to assess the damage to wild fauna due to the implementation of GO-239, from the perspective of its users (tourists and residents). GO-239 is a road that has its own characteristics due to the nature of its creation, as it is a Road-Park that borders and cuts through a Conservation Unit, the Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park, Goiás, in a region that presents a typical fauna of the Cerrado biome. In order to carry out this work, an observation of the road was made to evaluate its characteristics and conditions. An application of online questionnaires was also made, where the thoughts and attitudes of the users of Road-Park were obtained in relation to it, and a valuation was made of the fauna of the region, checking the Willingness to Pay of the interviewees for this, through the Contingent Valuation Method. It was concluded that the GO-239, even though it is, by law, a Road-Park, still has flaws that make it uncharacteristic as such, and that other measures to reduce impacts should be implemented. It was also found that users understand that the road should be more focused on the protection of the fauna around them, but they are resistant to pay an amount to make it happen, presenting a Willingness to Pay of R$ 6.34 by the simple average, and R$ 6.16 by the weighted average.Item Adoção de tecnologia na pecuária leiteira e conservação ambiental: estudo de caso em propriedades rurais de Silvânia, Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-12-23) Fernandes, Hayla da Silva; Collevatti, Rosane Garcia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9979596352166630; Miziara, Fausto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3275079358565458; Couto, Victor Rezende Moreira; Silva, Daniela de Melo e; Miziara, FaustoThe necessity to produce food should incorporate environmental protection, knowing that it´s the main responsible for occupation of land and native areas also causes important impacts at the landscape. Produce food to supply a world growing population brings the challenge of increase productivity of properties decreasing the impact per unit of feed produced. Cattle raising is the main responsible for anthropization in Brazilian biomes, and especially dairy activity are very important and present in most of Brazilian proprieties, characterized by a big range of diversity producer profiles, majority by pasture systems and big heterogeneity in the technology employment. The answers to challenges presented, in general way, imply in a standard of technology adoption who can articulate a better productivity and less environmental impact. Thus, this research looked for measure the relationship between the technology standard and environmental impacts in dairy properties at Silvânia, Goiás. Were worked the technology employee on that and conservation rates of vegetation local provided by Long Term Research Program (PELD) to generate the present work. In this research was verified that properties who utilized more technology impacted less the environment, measured by conservation indicators, besides be more productive, diluting the impact per milk litter produced. Therefor there is a strong and positive relationship between adoption of technology and less environmental impact. It is worth mentioning that properties who use artificial insemination also presents more productivity (milk production in relation with total number of animal at the farm) in comparison with farms non users. A bigger efficiency at utilization of productive resources in general way also are associated with less environmental impact.Item Espacialização, intensificação e sustentabilidade da pecuária bovina no estado de Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-02-26) Ferreira, Gabriel Caymmi Vilela; Vázquez González, Ibán; Miziara, Fausto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3275079358565458; Ferreira, Manuel Eduardo; Soares, João Paulo Guimarães; Sineiro Garcia, Francisco; Araújo, Fernando MoreiraIt is estimated that by 2050, 9.8 billion people will inhabit the land. Therefore, modern agriculture faces a complex and contradictory challenge, increasing food production between 54-98%, while decreasing its impact on natural ecosystems and increasing its sustainability. Thus, it is of fundamental importance to deepen knowledge and research on this subject in Brazil since it is an important player in the world scenario. This work aimed to analyze livestock activity in the state of Goiás (Brazil) from different perspectives, analyzing its spatial, productive, technical, and sustainable dimension. Through multicriteria analysis techniques such as: factor analysis, cluster analysis (LISA, Ward and K-media) and multiple correspondence analysis (MCA), a current picture of cattle ranching in the state was obtained. The results indicate a spatially sectorized livestock activity, with the formation of specific productive zones, two areas for beef cattle (northwest and southwest) and two for dairy farming (southeast and southwest). In addition, the significant productive increase that livestock has had over the last decade (2006-2017) with strong intensification of activity. In fact, there was a productive increase of 45% in the animal stocking rate, 49% in milk productivity per cow and 66% in animal supplementation with grains. The livestock sustainability index is in a low-middle spectrum in the state, with only 15% of municipalities classified as sustainable. It was observed that dairy activity is more sustainable and intensified than beef activity, and that infrastructure and market factors are determinant for this.Item Solubilização de fósforo do rejeito de minério de ferro pelo fungo Aspergillus terreus(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-03-10) Ferreira, Glalber Luiz da Rocha; Vieira, José Daniel Gonçalves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1742731776579730; Vieira, José Daniel Gonçalves; Silva, Daniela de Melo e; Leal, Geraldo Sadoyama; Vasconcelos, Lara Stefania neto de Oliveira Leão; Carneiro, Lilian CarlaExtractive processes, as an example of phosphorus, are responsible for significant environmental impacts, and this is due to the generation of solid waste, such as iron ore tailings, rich in phosphorus, which represent great economic value and which with the implementation of extractive processes better efficiency, results in a better use of important and specific elements of the extractive amount. Biosolubilization emerges as a promising and transformative technology in the field of mining extractive process, making use of microorganisms in the solubilization of phosphorus or even in soil recovery, which is possible to fully affirm the applicability of recovery through solubilization. phosphorus element by different species of microorganisms. This study makes use of the phosphorus element biosolubilization from iron ore tailings by Aspergillus terreus. In principle, microorganism was isolated from iron ore tailings with a specific characteristic of solubilizing phosphorus; then, the isolated microorganism was identified, resulting in the presence of Aspergillus terreus. The biosolubilization steps were carried out from the verification of phosphorus solubilization by Aspergillus terreus in a known source of phosphorus, in a medium containing calcium phosphate, Ca5(OH)(PO4)3, and subsequently, in a medium containing the waste ore tailings. iron. Aiming at biotechnological studies, it was verified the fatty acid profile by Aspergillus terreus produced in NBRIP culture media, of general use and 9K-glucose, as a possible source in the production of biodiesel. Finally, the cell viability study of the microalgae Acustodesmus obliquus was carried out, aiming at knowing the best storage condition, such as by simple freezing, cooling or freezing with the application of cryoprotective substances. The results of this study proved to be very promising, with solubility of 90.93% phosphorus in the Ca5(OH)(PO4)3 sample as a phosphorus source, and 87.77% phosphorus in the iron ore tailings sample, also representing a solubility of 0.19 mg and 0.22 mg of phosphorus per gram of fungal mass, respectively. The results presented are due to conditions in both acid samples in the reaction medium, demonstrating a decrease in pH and in the release of acid phosphatase as an enzymatic function in phosphorus solubility. The average rate of phosphorus solubility in the reaction medium was 1.76 mg.h-1 and 1.70 mg.h-1 in both biosolubilization conditions, respectively. The fungal biomass showed an excellent composition of FAME, such as having 35.89% at 29 ºC and 34.89% at 36 ºC of saturated fatty acids in the NBRIP medium, as the best biomass growth medium. Aspergillus terreus was shown to be highly qualified in the production of biodiesel, with 1.31% of tri-unsaturated fatty acids (TUFA) and absence of polyunsaturated (PUFA) being detected, according to maximum limits established by the European standard EN 1424, being 12 % for TUFA and 1% for PUFA. Finally, it was found that Acutodesmos obliquus can be stored both by refrigeration and by freezing, this being through the use of cryoprotective substances, such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), glycerol (Gly) and polyethylene glycol (Poly). The information brought in this work reveals excellent efficiency in the solubilization of the phosphorus component present in the iron ore tailings by Aspergillus terreus, resulting in a possible application in mining, as an alternative to reduce production costs and sustainable conditions of the mining system, and so on., contributing to the improvement of the quality of iron ore in the country, and a probable purpose of solubilized phosphorus, as in the generation of phosphate products.Item A posse da terra: reconfiguração fundiária no espaço da fronteira agrícola na bacia hidrográfica do rio Araguaia em Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-05-30) Franco, Solange Maria; Faria, Karla Maria Silva de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2186337194534589; Miziara, Fausto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3275079358565458; Miziara, Fausto; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; Barreira, Celene Cunha Monteiro Antunes; Chaveiro, Eguimar Felício; Silva, Sandro Dutra eThe present research discusses the landholding reconfiguration in the agricultural frontier space. The objective was to investigate the changes that have occurred in rural property, with regard to the characteristics of the ownership pattern and agrarian structure, in the Araguaia River basin in Goiás, with a case study in one of the municipalities that make up the basin. Based on the assumption that there is a spatial rearrangement movement caused by the deepening of capitalist relations in the countryside, the research was based on two hypotheses: an invisible reconcentration, because it is not detected in the available economic research; and the reterritorialization of capital, which reflects social changes and production relations. The case study analyzed primary data, from the public deeds of rural properties, collected during field work carried out in a land registry office in the Goiás municipality of Aruanã, which is totally included in the hydrographic basin of the Araguaia River, in two time periods, current and retrospective, i.e., from 30 to 40 years ago. The research was developed in three axes of work and stages of realization. The state of the art performed the inventory of the academic research produced throughout the country in graduate courses and complete articles published in periodicals, on themes related to the use, occupation, conflicts, aptitude, and environmental impacts, as well as physical characterization, such as soil, relief, among others, aiming to verify the information that could be used as a data reference for the thesis. The occupation of space analyzed the long process of occupation of the basin, establishing the historical-economic contextualization and examining the demographic, social and economic variables, constituted by statistical indexes, systematized for the researched clipping. Methodologically, the study was supported theoretical model that correlates the changes in the land use to the frontier expansion phenomena: expansion front, pioneer front, and agricultural frontier, with the purpose of serving as a contextual and data support for the study on land tenure. Finally, the findings of the case study, compared with the evolutionary framework of frontier expansion, allowed the identification of a new conformation in rural economic and social relations, and corroborated to recognize land concentration by the average size of the properties and the change in the pattern of rural property owners, mainly related to place of residence, direction of establishments, demography, among others. The results on land tenure confirmed the hypothesis raised in the paper and highlighted the problems arising from the policies that instituted an agricultural development model in the country. Such consequences express reterritorialization, a concept that identifies the spatial and social movement of expanded reproduction of capital, which has been imposing changes in the appropriation of territory, increasing inequalities in the countryside, and imposing transformations in the traditional rural space, impacting social and production relations.Item Normas voluntárias de sustentabilidade: avaliação dos impactos das certificações sustentáveis em empreendimentos amazônicos da cadeia de valor do açaí(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-04-28) Martins, Kairo Fernandes; Teixeira, Denilson; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5697570214519476; Teixeira, Denilson; Ramos, Claudia de Barros e Azevedo; Corrêa, Rogério de Oliveira; Miziara, Fausto; Godoi, Emiliano Lôbo deIn the global market, the demands for certified products made the Voluntary Sustainability Standards (VSS), a relevant theme and of attention for commerce, production, and consumption in a world full of Global Value Chains (GVCs). However, the diversity of sustainable standards raises questions about the credibility, intentions, and impacts of adopting VSS in the value chains and on consuming certified products and services. In addition to the variety standards, there are other unsolved problems involving VSS: (i) different perceptions of specialists in the subject about the real sustainable gains with these certifications; (ii) relationship and contributions of VSS to the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of companies; (iii) few studies in sectors such as non-timber forest product - NTFP and (iv) difficulty in assessing sustainability in the different sustainable dimensions. This doctoral thesis aims to investigate in the value chain of the most important NTFP in the Amazon, the açaí, whether the VSS contribute to sustainable results in the Governance, Environmental, Economic and Social dimensions. The choice to study the VSS to the chain of a typical fruit from the Amazon contributes to the great challenge of this region in reconciling economic development with the keep the forest standing. The growing interest in consuming products from Amazon presents environmental, social, economic, and governance challenges that need to be considered in business and public policies. Through case studies in undertakings in the açaí chain and Certification Bodies and the use of tools and indicators, it was possible to develop analyzes and generate information for the Amazon NTFP from the perspective of VSS. With this holistic approach, the investigation brought up and responded to unprecedented issues related to the usability and the implications of VSS on the açaí chain. The results showed the perceptions of the companies about the VSS, which range from the need to adhere to various certifications to be included in the CGV to the synonym of several sustainable actions. However, such VSS are far from being able to keep the forest standing on their own. They answer for only a portion of this purpose. However, there are controversial results regarding the VSS, requiring convergence. There is a long way to go for the weakest links in the CGV (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises - MSMEs) to adopt VSS. Mainly for these links, the requirements are based on bureaucratic managerial activities, which are very complex and involve many themes and indicators. The conclusion is that there is a lack of complements to the VSS that evaluate and validate the results disclosed as sustainable by the companies, ensuring a quality infrastructure and providing a fully sustainable chain.Item Normas voluntárias de sustentabilidade: avaliação dos impactos das certificações sustentáveis em empreendimentos amazônicos da cadeia de valor do açaí(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-04-28) Martins, Kairo Fernandes; Teixeira, Denilson; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5697570214519476; Teixeira, Denilson; Ramos, Claudia de Barros e Azevedo; Corrêa, Rogério de Oliveira; Miziara, Fausto; Godoi, Emiliano Lôbo deIn the global market, the demands for certified products made the Voluntary Sustainability Standards (VSS), a relevant theme and of attention for commerce, production, and consumption in a world full of Global Value Chains (GVCs). However, the diversity of sustainable standards raises questions about the credibility, intentions, and impacts of adopting VSS in the value chains and on consuming certified products and services. In addition to the variety standards, there are other unsolved problems involving VSS: (i) different perceptions of specialists in the subject about the real sustainable gains with these certifications; (ii) relationship and contributions of VSS to the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of companies; (iii) few studies in sectors such as non-timber forest product - NTFP and (iv) difficulty in assessing sustainability in the different sustainable dimensions. This doctoral thesis aims to investigate in the value chain of the most important NTFP in the Amazon, the açaí, whether the VSS contribute to sustainable results in the Governance, Environmental, Economic and Social dimensions. The choice to study the VSS to the chain of a typical fruit from the Amazon contributes to the great challenge of this region in reconciling economic development with the keep the forest standing. The growing interest in consuming products from Amazon presents environmental, social, economic, and governance challenges that need to be considered in business and public policies. Through case studies in undertakings in the açaí chain and Certification Bodies and the use of tools and indicators, it was possible to develop analyzes and generate information for the Amazon NTFP from the perspective of VSS. With this holistic approach, the investigation brought up and responded to unprecedented issues related to the usability and the implications of VSS on the açaí chain. The results showed the perceptions of the companies about the VSS, which range from the need to adhere to various certifications to be included in the CGV to the synonym of several sustainable actions. However, such VSS are far from being able to keep the forest standing on their own. They answer for only a portion of this purpose. However, there are controversial results regarding the VSS, requiring convergence. There is a long way to go for the weakest links in the CGV (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises - MSMEs) to adopt VSS. Mainly for these links, the requirements are based on bureaucratic managerial activities, which are very complex and involve many themes and indicators. The conclusion is that there is a lack of complements to the VSS that evaluate and validate the results disclosed as sustainable by the companies, ensuring a quality infrastructure and providing a fully sustainable chain.Item Hortas escolares urbanas: da produção de alimentos ao ensino da sustentabilidade ambiental(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-10-26) Melo, Tálita Nogueira Gonzaga; Hora, Karla Emmanuela Ribeiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6451685640638572; Hora, Karla Emmanuela Ribeiro; Echeverria, Agustina Rosa; Leandro, Wilson MozenaThe urban and peri-urban practice has been strengthened in multiples spaces of the cities, through multiple entry points, which range from self-consumption and food supplementation, alternative employment and income for vulnerable groups, solutions for environmentally resilient cities, to an opportunity to practice social and environmental education activities. Considering this last aspect, the theme of this research is the study of the use of urban school gardens as a pedagogical tool for environmental sustainability, integrated with the provision of healthy food in school environments and the challenges of the practice itself. Starting from the question of how urban school gardens are effective, we sought to discuss how they are appropriate in the teaching-learning activities about the environmental issues, analyzing the obstacles to their incorporation as a teaching tool. Likewise, we sought to understand how the food produced in the gardens is used in school meals and how maintenance activities are carried out. Methodologically, the research has a qualitative nature and is based on technical procedures of bibliographic, documental and participant observation research, semi-structured interviews and photographic records. As an analytical object, the research relies on the study of multiple cases of four school gardens implemented in the year 2021, in the cities of Anápolis, Catalão, Rio Verde and Ouvidor, in the State of Goiás. The results indicate that, although school gardens are difficult to maintain, they benefit school meals by offering quality food, in great variety and quantity. At the same time, they have potential uses as an educational tool in the development of education activities for the teaching of environmental sustainability.Item Que se quer dizer quando se diz meio ambiente? as concepções relativas ao meio ambiente, de discentes de uma escola pública periurbana de Goiânia (GO) e as possibilidades de ressignificação(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-04-28) Neves, Marco Aurélio Fernandes; Miziara, Fausto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3275079358565458; Hora, Karla Emmanuela Ribeiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6451685640638572; Miziara, Fausto; Araújo, Alexandre Martins de; Teixeira, Denílson; Adomilli, Gianpaolo Knoller; Ferreira, Gislene AuxiliadoraNas últimas décadas, a agenda ambiental se expandiu em várias direções (política, científica, educacional etc.), concomitantemente, os relatórios das diversas instituições científicas mundiais também ganharam proporções acentuadamente alarmantes, pois traçam panoramas de colapso global cada vez mais eminentes. Ou seja, há um descompasso evidente entre aquilo que aprendemos com a ampliação da agenda ambiental e aquilo que colocamos em prática para uma possível redefinição dos rumos trágicos que se anunciam. Tal descompasso parece descortinar dimensões mais complexas entre discentes de escolas públicas de áreas periurbanas. Se, por um lado, eles estão submetidos ao conhecimento sobre meio ambiente advindo dos cânones científicos por meio da internet, dos livros didáticos e da TV, por outro, vivem em áreas em que parte de suas famílias ou vizinhos colocam em prática uma série de conhecimentos oriundos de seus engajamentos no mundo, em diferentes fases de sua vida, sobretudo ao reproduzir, em seus quintais, plantios de espécies que auxiliam na alimentação e no tratamento de doenças. De forma conceitual, esses conhecimentos, forjados por populações ruralizadas em todo o mundo, constituem um cabedal de aprendizagem denominado memória biocultural. Tal impressão de descompasso, em que os engajamentos humanos pouco dialogam com o cabedal didático-científico sobre meio ambiente, fez surgir um questionamento relacionado à compreensão sobre meio ambiente que levou ao desenvolvimento desta pesquisa: como se chegou a tal disrupção, onde parece haver um meio ambiente que se pode observar sem dele tomar parte e outro no qual se vive, porém é apartado do conhecimento mais disseminado sobre meio ambiente? Ao tentar responder a essa pergunta, buscou-se compreender como o meio ambiente logra se tornar conhecido e como nele se vive para um grupo de discentes de uma escola pública periurbana de Goiânia (GO). O meio ambiente se revelou a partir de dois tipos de ecologia: uma convencional e outra da vida. A ecologia convencional se baseia na externalidade de um sujeito cognoscente no mundo, que entende o meio ambiente como o par dicotômico do organismo, que passa ser conhecido a partir da crise ambiental e do cuidado com a natureza. Esse conhecimento é dominante nas imagens sobre meio ambiente na web e nas escolas de um modo geral. A seu turno, a ecologia da vida, colocada em ação nos quintais periurbanos por famílias migrantes, não consegue se separar do meio ambiente para entrar em ação, ou seja, ela é uma ecologia forjada na e pela vida. Ainda assim, esta pesquisa traça um panorama de esperança, pois percebe-se que os conteúdos trabalhados em sala de aula criam alguma ressonância entre os discentes no momento que tais temáticas estão presentes em seus modos de habitar o mundo.Item Influência da expansão agrícola sobre a perda de solo no estado de Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-12-11) Pena, Diogo Silva; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6466969611652630; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; Miziara, Fausto; Correchel, Vladia; Griebeler, Nori Paulo; Almeida, Rherison Tyrone SilvaThe growing establishment of agricultural activities based on the current intensive production models has accentuated several environmental problems, and an understanding of the dynamics of the occupation of the cerrado in relation to vegetation cover and its relationship with environmental impacts is fundamental to understand these problems. This study seeks to contribute to the knowledge regarding the dynamics of soil losses in the state of Goiás by verifying from mapping how this occupation occurred, in addition to analyzing the consequences of this occupation in relation to erosion processes, seeking to understand whether the rate of Soil loss has increased, and what type of occupation has generated more soil loss according to the soil loss prediction model known as the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). Thus, the objective of this thesis is to evaluate the consequences of the occupation of the state of Goiás on soil losses between the years 1985 and 2017. It was observed that there was a great expansion of agricultural activities in the State of Goiás, causing significant changes in land use and occupation throughout the territory of Goiás, which according to EUPS caused an increase in soil erosion rates between the years analyzed. The average soil loss across the state of Goiás was 17.95 Mg/ha, with the highest value being observed in 2008 (22.59 Mg / ha), and the lowest value observed in 1990 (12.07 Mg/ha).Item Desafios no processo de obtenção da segurança hídrica frente a aplicação dos instrumentos de gestão da água(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-12-16) Ribeiro, Rodrigo Zanelati; Teixeira, Denilson; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5697570214519476; Teixeira, Denilson; Bayer, Maximiliano; Barbosa, Domingos SávioThe increased demand for water has aggravated conflicts between different users and about half of the world's population lives in areas of potential water scarcity, for at least one month a year, a percentage that could worsen until 2050. These two pieces of evidence point to dimension of the water crisis on a world scale. The extensive literature on the subject highlights that this crisis is more related to management than to the availability of the resource. In this sense, there are gaps in the understanding and applicability of instruments responsible for supporting the Integrated Water Resources Management process, as well as their importance for Water Security. In this context, the main research’s objective is to characterize the current scenario of Water Security, in an interstate hydrographic basin, as well as the weaknesses of the legal instruments involved in this process. To this end, a risk mapping was drawn up showing the weak points in terms of water security, based on water consumption data, land use and occupation, and water availability in the basin. The study was carried out in the hydrographic basin of the Paranaíba River, due to its socioeconomic importance for the central west region of Brazil. It presents, as main conclusions, the need for the effective application of the management instruments of Law nº 9,433 of 1997, in addition to demonstrating the high risks to water security in regions upstream of large urban centers and, mainly, in regions close to the source of the river Paranaíba. The results found reflect a national reality.Item Padrão tecnológico e serviços ecossistêmicos de pastagens no cerrado brasileiro: estudo de caso na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Vermelho(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-09-29) Santos, Anna Claudia dos; Miziara, Fausto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3275079358565458; Miziara, Fausto; Veloso, Gabriel Alves; Vieira, Pedro Alves; Silva, Daniela de Melo e; Faria, Karla Maria Silva deThe concern with sustainability has made the beef cattle sector face its main challenge: the mitigation of greenhouse gases in pasture areas, associated with greater meat production, occupying a smaller area. Associated with the challenges for sustainability, it is worth highlighting the possible positive impacts that livestock can play through ecosystem services, since pasture production systems are perceived as possibly large carbon sinks due to high organic productivity above and below the ground. Thus, our objective is to test whether there is a relationship between predictors that indicate ecosystem services (represented by the GPP) with the levels of technification in rural properties located in the Rio Vermelho River Basin (GO). For this purpose, 60 selected properties were researched in order to guarantee the representativeness of the basin's properties and to indicate with high accuracy the diversity in the adoption of technology by the productive units in the region. These properties were researched through questionnaires, field observation and the use of satellite images. With this research, it was possible to identify, at a local (property) scale, the impacts of technification under different topographic and soil conditions. The integration of GPP analyzes in line with good management practices proved to be effective for analyzing the carbon sequestration service in pastures. Evidencing the importance of investment in technological support in carbon mitigation, turning environmental assets into a new commodity to be incorporated into fresh beef. This can raise the level of Brazilian production, increasing competitiveness in the international market, in addition to contributing to climate regulation, soil maintenance and saving new areas from being opened up for this sector.Item Caracterização ecossistêmica e funcional das pastagens brasileiras(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-07-08) Santos, Claudinei Oliveira dos; Pinto, Alexandre de Siqueira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6624723278135170; Ferreira, Laerte Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8647270006257055; Ferreira, Laerte Guimarães; Costa Junior, Ciniro; Assad, Eduardo Delgado; Ramos Neto, Mario Barroso; Bustamante, Mercedes Maria da CunhaLivestock activity occupies ~67% of the global area used for agricultural activity, being directly related to important issues for humanity such as food security and the need to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions - GHG. In Brazil, the sixth largest emitter of GHG, land use and land cover activity is the main source of emissions. Considering that most of the pastures in Brazil present some level of degradation, in these areas there is a great opportunity to mitigate GHG emissions. In this study, three important aspects of this land use class are analyzed: The influence of climatic seasonality on biomass and on the spectral response of pasture areas at different spatial scales; The potential of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), obtained by remote sensing for the mapping of pasture quality, and analysis of spatial patterns in national scale; And estimates of carbon stock in soil and aboveground biomass of pastures in the Cerrado biome, using models based on ecosystem processes. We observed that annual mean and variation of biomass stocks varied with spatial scale, and there were no significant differences in these stocks during the dry and rainy seasons due to grazing management strategies. The NDVI had low potential to predict the biomass stock of pastures in the evaluated areas, on the other hand, the potential as an pasture vigor indicator was high, showing a significant linear relation with the living/dead biomass ratio, especially in non-degraded pastures. The temporal pattern of the NDVI varied depending on the quality of the pasture and the spatial scale analyzed, indicating that it is not possible to establish single thresholds to map the condition of pastures in large areas like the Brazilian territory. From the mapping of pasture quality, it was possible to analyze their spatiotemporal dynamics. In this analysis, we identified an improvement in the brazilian pasture quality, with the area of gain quality being 2.7 times larger than the area of lost quality. The results correspond to the patterns observed in the literature and to the incentives for the recovery of pastures through programs such as the ABC Plan. The modeling of the dynamics and estimates of carbon stocks in the pasture areas of the Cerrado biome using the Century model, with the parameters adjusted to simulate the conventional pasture management in the biome, confirmed the versatility and robustness of the model, being effective in estimate carbon stocks in this areas, adequately reproducing the characteristic spatial patterns of seasonal influence in the Cerrado biome. In this sense, we believe that the results achieved through this study can contribute to a better characterization and understanding of pastures in Brazil.