Mestrado em Biodiversidade Vegetal (ICB)
URI Permanente para esta coleção
Navegar
Navegando Mestrado em Biodiversidade Vegetal (ICB) por Por tipo de Acesso "Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International"
Agora exibindo 1 - 5 de 5
Resultados por página
Opções de Ordenação
Item A andromonoicia de Solanum lycocarpum A. St. Hil. (Solanaceae): variação na manifestação do sistema sexual ao longo do tempo e espaço(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-04-26) Marcelo, Vanessa Gonzaga; Consolaro, Hélder Nagai; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3914598655311565; Consolaro, Hélder Nagai; Oliveira, Paulo Eugênio Alves Macedo de; Brito, Vinícius Lourenço Garcia de; Silva, Francismeire Jane Telles da; Caetano, Ana PaulaAndromonoecy is a sexual system in which the same individual produces hermaphrodict and male flowers. In this sense, the objective of this dissertation was to analyze functional, population and temporal variations in the expression of this sexual system in Solanum lycocarpum A. St. Hil. The flowers of the floral types had their measurements taken, analyzed as to the production and viability of the pollen, ovules count and the formation of the fruits and seeds. The phenology was analyzed through the index of intensity and activity. Mating system experiments were carried out on the two floral types and focal observations to verify the behavior of the visitors. In S. lycocarpum, the sexual expression of individuals varied over time and between populations, so that the distribution of flower types may indicate that individuals may respond to differences in environmental conditions. There were still individuals who were only male, making such a system found does not correspond to the andromonoecious system. In addition, it was observed that the hermaphrodict flowers, besides having the larger stylet than the male ones, are larger in length and width. In relation to the quantity and pollen viability, this differentiated between the floral types, being that the hermaphrodicts have a greater quantity of pollen grains and, whereas the male flowers have a greater viability than the hermaphrodicts. In hermaphrodicts flowers, 85% of the ovules form seeds, while in the male, the "ovules" are not fertile. Thus, the lower energy expenditure in the production of smaller male flowers, with reduced pistils and with unviable ovules, could make them more abundant and produce more viable pollen. The reduction in the number of flowers was accompanied by the production of the fruits, which could indicate an economy of the resources that would already be used in the production of the fruits, since these are large and with many seeds. The species is self-incompatible, and only the hermaphrodite flowers produce fruit. S. lycocarpum fits into the buzz pollination syndrome, being pollinators bees with vibration capacity. Bees of smaller body size vibrated the anthers individually, having no or little contact with the stigma, unlike the larger ones that vibrated the cone, having contact between the stigma and the abdomen of the bee. In S. lycocarpum, the lower percentage of pollen viability in the hermaphrodite flowers, besides the presence of exclusively male individuals, could indicate a system in evolutionary path for other sexual systems, such as androdioecy.Item Filogenia e revisão taxonômica de Chamaecrista sect. Absus subsect. Absus ser. Paniculatae (Benth) H.S. Irwin & Barneby (leguminosae, caesalpinioideae)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-04-25) Mendes, Thainara Policarpo; Silva, Marcos José da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9449484790926524; Silva, Marcos José da; Perez, Ana Paula Fortuna; Mansano, Vidal de FreitasFilogenia e Revisão Taxonômica de Chamaecrista sect. Absus subsect. Absus ser. Paniculatae (Benth) H.S. Irwin & Barneby (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae). Leguminosae com cerca de 751 gêneros e 19.500 espécies, principalmente tropicais, é a terceira maior família de Angiospermas e a mais numerosa da flora brasileira com 770 gêneros e 2756 espécies. Caesalpinioideae, uma de suas seis subfamílias, compreende 4.400 espécies e 148 gêneros, entre os quais se destaca Chamaecrista Moench como o segundo maior deles, depois de Mimosa L., com 330 espécies, 266 e 260 delas presentes nas Américas e no Brasil, respectivamente. Este gênero compreende seis seções, sendo Absus a mais diversa, com cerca de 180 espécies alocadas nas subseções Absus, Adenophyllum, Baseophyllum e Otophyllum. A subseção Absus engloba 31 séries, entre as quais, Paniculatae, que é reconhecida principalmente pelas folhas com 2–11 pares de folíolos, grandes (1,5–9,3 × 1,2–9,5 cm compr.), divaricados e coriáceos com nervuras secundárias e terciárias proeminentes em ambas as faces, por seus ramos jovens, eixos da inflorescência, face externa do cálice e, ou frutos viscosos, além de flores assimétricas com distintos padrões de assimetria e arranjadas usualmente em panículas. Esta série possui seis espécies (12 táxons), algumas das quais polimórficas, com variedades, problemas de tipificação e escassamente ilustradas, além de pouco conhecidas quanto a distribuição geográfica e status de conservação. São apresentados um estudo filogenético e a revisão taxonômica de Chamaecrista ser. Paniculatae. Como resultados desses estudos essa dissertação segue estruturada em quatro capítulos. O primeiro trata da reconstrução filogenética da série baseada nas regiões trnL-F (cpDNA) e ITS (nrDNA) por meio dos métodos de Máxima Parcimônia e Inferência Bayesiana. Recuperamos Paniculatae como parafilética, mas a sugerimos como um táxon monofilético “Clado Paniculatae”, que compreende 14 espécies, com a exclusão de C. lundii e a inclusão de C. crenulata em seu conceito. Este artigo apresenta também: a) datação molecular da série que aponta para a mesma uma origem por volta de 4,1, milhões de anos e três subclados (1,2 e 3) geografica e geneticamente estruturados e com morfologias peculiares, b) a posição filogenética dela em Chamaecrista, e c) suas relações morfológicas e biogeográficas com congêneres, além de suas prováveis sinapomorfias, que são, as folhas com folíolos divaricados, a inflorescência do tipo panícula e as flores com a pétala posterior semelhante a um estandarte. O segundo artigo trata da revisão taxonômica de Paniculatae que com a sua nova circunscrição, passa a compreender 14 espécies, as quais seguem descritas, contrastadas por meio de uma chave, comentadas e mapeadas quanto as suas distribuições geográficas, ambientes preferenciais, status de conservação, relações morfológicas, períodos de floração e frutificação, além de ilustradas e fotografadas em seus principais caracteres diagnósticos. Neste manuscrito, apresentamos ainda sete lectotipificações e duas espécies novas, C. tocantinensis Mendes & M.J. Silva e Chamaecrista sp., a primeira já publicada. O terceiro e quarto capítulos tratam da descrição de duas novas espécies, uma das quais (C. tocantinensis Mendes & M.J. Silva) já publicada, e a outra a ser enviada a publicação. Ambos os artigos seguem escritos nos moldes formais para artigos de sua natureza, porém o quarto consta ainda de fotografias e de uma chave de identificação das espécies do gênero até então citadas para o estado de Tocantins, incluindo, 10 novos registros.Item A influência dos polinizadores na reprodução de Phaseolus vulgaris(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-03-28) Ribeiro, Paula Louredo Moraes; Franceschinelli, Edivani Villaron; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8863732932277904; Franceschinelli, Edivani Villaron; Moraes, Moemy Gomes de; Carvalheiro, Luisa Mafalda Gigante RodriguesThe present work evaluated whether pollinators interfere in the production of fruits and seeds of Creole cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris L. in organic cultivation. Eight cultivars were observed in the years 2017 and 2018. The study was carried out at Fazenda Nossa Senhora Aparecida, municipality of Hidrolândia - Goiás, where only organic foods are produced. In the year 2017, in five cultivars were randomly marked 15 individuals, while all other cultivars had 30 individuals randomly selected. In each plant chosen, an inflorescence had flower buds counted and isolated with an organza bag, while another inflorescence of the same plant also had flower buds counted, marked with plastic seals and left free for the visit of the pollinators. The parameters evaluated were the number of pods and seeds produced and the total weight of these seeds per plant. In order to verify the effect of the treatments on the production of pods and seeds, for each bean cultivar, Mixed General Linearized Models (GLMM) were used assuming the negative binomial distribution. To evaluate whether treatments affect seed weight, Mixed General Linearized Models (GLMM) like those described above were used, but assuming gamma distribution. All the statistical analyzes were carried out on the R platform. The quantity and viability of the pollen grains was observed in 30 flower buds of each cultivar studied in the year 2018. The amount of pollen and pollen viability was high in all studied cultivars, indicating the importance of pollination to produce bean seeds. According to the GLMM analyzes, in the year 2017, three cultivars presented higher pod and / or seed production in the treatment of the non-bagged inflorescences. In the year 2018, another four cultivars also presented the same result, suggesting that these cultivars have greater reproductive success with the visit of the pollinators.Item Estudos taxonômicos sobre Croton sect. Geiseleria (A. Gray) Baill. (Euphorbiaceae) no Brasil, com ênfase nas espécies ocorrentes na região Centro-Oeste(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-04-25) Sodré, Rodolfo Carneiro; Silva, Marcos José da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9449484790926524; Silva, Marcos José da; Perez, Ana Paula Fortuna; Sales, Margareth Ferreira deEuphorbiaceae Juss. comprises one of the most diverse lineages of phanerogams with 6300 species and 246 genera distributed mainly in the tropics, of which 949 and 64 occur in Brazil, where the family is represented in all biomes. Among its genera, Croton L. stands out by having a Pantropical distribution, have more than 1200 species, 300 of which are present in Brazil, and subdivided into 4 subgenera and 31 sections. Among the sections of the genus, C. sect. Geiseleria stands out as one of the three largest with 80 species distributed from the United States to Argentina, of which 50 are present in Brazil. Although Croton is the most studied genus of Euphorbiaceae in Brazil, species of Geiseleria are usually known only from their original descriptions or by scarce collections, many of them with mistaken identifications, besides having problems of typification and lack of illustrations. The objective of this study was to study the taxonomy of Croton sect. Geiseleria occurring in Brazil, with emphasis on those present in the Midwest region. The results are presented in seven chapters, drafted according to the norms of the journal where they were or will be published. The first relates to a taxonomic synopsis of the section Geiseleria for Brazil, in which 50 species are accepted, among which five are new to science (C. macrosepalus, C. ramosissimus, C. rhodotrichus, C. uliginosus and Croton sp. nov.) and four are transferred to the section (C. carinatus, C. catariae, C. spica and C. suavis) based on morphological characteristics and molecular data. In this manuscript are proposed 27 synonimizations, 75 lectotypes and a neotipification, as well as the reestablishment of C. aberrans and C. gracilescens, previously considered under C. hirtus and C. antisyphiliticus, respectively. The species of this article are contrasted in a key, commented on the geographical distribution, ecology, conservation status, morphological characterization, illustrated in their diagnostic characters and photographed. The second manuscript corresponds to the taxonomic treatment of the group for the Midwest region, where 32 species are recognized, of which five are new occurrences for the studied area (C. adenodontus, C. asperrimus, C. hadrianii, C. parodianus and C. sipaliwinensis). This manuscript has descriptions, comments about geographic distribution, ecology and morphological relationships, as well as illustrations, photographs and geographic distribution maps of the species. The chapters three to six deal with the descriptions of the new species, three of them already published and the last one submitted. The seventh manuscript is about the rediscovery of C. hadrianii, a species not recognized since 1873, but has here his complemented description, besides being first shown, photographed in nature, and commented about its distribution, flowering and fruiting, conservation status and morphological characterization.Item Filogenia, biogeografia e revisão taxonômica de Chamaecrista Sect. Absus subsect. Absus Ser. Rigidulae (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-04-25) Souza, Alessandro Oliveira de; Silva, Marcos José da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9449484790926524; Silva, Marcos José da; Perez, Ana Paula Fortuna; Simon, Marcelo FragomeniLeguminosae is the third largest family of plants, encompassing about 751 genera and 19,500 species distributed in the subfamilies Caesalpinioideae, Mimosoideae, and Papilionoideae. In its current circumscription, Caesalpinioideae comprises about 171 genera and 2,250 species Chamaecrista, the largest genus, has about 340 species (257 in Brazil, from which 208 are endemic) with Pantropical distribution and is subdivided into six sections, among which Absus is the richest, with about 180 species distributed in the subsections Absus, Adenophyllum, Baseophyllum, and Otophyllum. The subsection Absus comprises 31 series, among which Rigidulae, with 24 Brazilian species, stands out due to the conserved floral morphology and diverse aspects of growth, and also because it is paraphyletic and has not been revised since 1982. In this dissertation we aimed to reconstruct the historical evolution of Chamaecrista ser. Rigidulae and review the taxonomy of its species applying usual techniques in taxonomy and molecular phylogeny. The results are presented as seven articles standardized according to the journals where they have already been or will be published. The first article presents the phylogeny and biogeography of Chamaecrista ser. Rigidulae based on the regions trnL-F and trnE-T (cpDNA) and ITS (nrDNA), the polyphyletism of the group, and its redefinition to a monophyletic group herein called Clade Rigidulae after the exclusion of C. brachyblepharis and C. ciliolata and the inclusion of C. botryoides and C. sincorana. This clade originated 5My in the Highlands of Central Brazil, diversified into two main lineages, one on the Espinhaço Range (4.27 My) and the other on the Highlands of Goiás (4.17 My), and has flowers with the posterior petal similar to a banner and leaves with divaricate leaflets as synapomorphies. The second article is about a taxonomic revision of the series Rigidulae, for which 30 species have been recognized, five of them new to science (C. floribunda, C. irwiniana, C. sparsifolia, C. tenuicaulis, and C. elata sp. nov. unpublished), one new status (C. obolaria ≡ C. chaetostegia var. obolaria), four lectotypifications, three new records (one in Bahia and two in Minas Gerais), illustrations and photographs of some species, maps showing the geographic distribution, and comments about taxonomy their conservation status. Regarding the five other articles, four have already been published and present descriptions of new species or taxonomic adjustments in the genus, whereas the last one, not published yet, has the same scope. The results of this research revealed the evolutionary and biogeographic history of the series Rigidulae, as well as its richness and corroborate the diversity and endemism of Chamaecrista in the Cerrado Biome.