Mestrado em Biodiversidade Animal (ICB)
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Item Análise da eficiência das unidades de conservação da América do Sul e Caribe para a proteção das espécies de cetáceos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-09-28) Baia, Thainá Rodrigues; Marco Júnior, Paulo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2767494720646648; Silva, Daniel de Brito Candido da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5139765780779893; Silva, Daniel de Brito Candido da; Domingos, André Menegotto; Bastos, Rogério PereiraCetaceans, popularly known as dolphins, whales and dolphins, play very important roles in ecosystems, which are key-species, environmental engineers and umbrella species. However, unfortunately, it is still a group that suffers from several anthropic or natural impacts, which directly affect its protection and conservation. Thus, this work analyzed the efficiency of protection of Protected Areas in South America and the Caribbean for the protection of species belonging to this group. This analysis took place through the GAP Analysis and the IUCN Red Species list, in which, according to the parameters followed, only two species are above this percentage, two have intermediate values and fifty-three are still far from reaching it. In addition, when relating to the IUCN categories, there is no direct relationship. Subsequently, two types of analytical subdivisions were proposed: the first includes the global distribution of species, demonstrating that there is no difference in conservation between the presence or absence of species in the study area. The second is based on a specific cut of the UC's in South America and the Caribbean, showing that there is a difference, where the species that have a more significant presence in the UC's have a higher level of protection. Finally, some measures are proposed to try to change this reality and aim for the efficiency of the PAs and the conservation of species.Item Atributos morfológios e estrutura de redes de interação beija-flor planta(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-06-30) Costa, Kelly Christie dos Santos; Araújo, Walter Santos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1127536475605936; Araújo, Walter Santos de; Oliveira, Arthur Ângelo Bispo de; Souza, Camila Silveira deBiotic specialization plays a central role in the coexistence of species. Many studies address the pollination performed by hummingbirds, however, researches related to the effects of morphological characters of plants and hummingbirds on the specialization of networks are scarce. In this context, this study aims to answer whether i) the dominance of ornithophilous plant species increases the specialization of hummingbird-plant interaction networks?; ii) ornithophilous plants show greater diversity of interactions with hummingbirds than non-ornithophilous plants?; iii) do the size of the beak and the weight of the hummingbird influence the diversity of their interactions? Searches were carried out for studies on hummingbird-plant interactions in the Neotropics. We compiled 24 networks composed of 34 species of hummingbirds, 326 species of plants and 1,182 distinct interactions. We found no effect of the dominance of ornithophilous plants on the structure (connectance and modularity) of the networks. On the other hand, interactions at the species level were influenced by morphological characteristics of plants and hummingbirds. The similarity of plant species interactions was higher for ornithophilous plants than non-ornithophilous plants. This is due to the set of characters present in the group of ornithophilic plants that confer attractiveness to hummingbirds. Thus, hummingbirds tend to visit more similar plant species leading to a greater similarity of interactions. The beak size positively influenced the degree and specialization of hummingbird interactions. The greater number of interactions between hummingbirds with longer beaks is probably a result of the morphological fit between the birds' beak and the flower's corolla. Our findings show that morphological characteristics of hummingbird species and plants directly influence the diversity of interactions of Neotropical hummingbird-plant networks and species specialization. Studies like this provide important information for understanding the factors that structure communities.Item Influência da localidade no conhecimento e percepção da biodiversidade nas escolas do cerrado goiano(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-08-01) Coutinho, César Augusto de Brito; Bastos, Rogério Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6015137404238990; Bastos, Rogério Pereira; Silva, Alessandra Bertassoni da; Maciel, Natan MedeirosThe present research was based on the idea that demographic factors and scientific dissemination activities influence the knowledge and perception of Cerrado biodiversity in cities in the interior of the state of Goiás (Rio Verde and Novo Brasil) and metropolitan regions (Senador Canedo). For this purpose, surveys were proposed to elementary school students from five schools, in order to raise their knowledge about the fauna and phytophysiognomy of the Cerrado, the perception they have about their own knowledge and its relationship with the activities of scientific dissemination. The results are surprising: students from predominantly rural areas and cities in the interior correctly answer more questions related to Cerrado biodiversity and recognize that they have more knowledge about it, in addition, students who participate in more dissemination activities also show better results. The research concludes that the physical proximity to biodiversity is an important factor for the construction of knowledge and that intrinsic factors such as experiencing the concepts and contact with activities and materials for scientific dissemination are important means of making up for the absence of this direct contact.Item Bioacumulação e biomarcadores celulares e teciduais investigados no fígado do peixe Poecilia reticulata (Peters, 1859) expostos e pós-expostos a íons ferro e nanopartículas de óxido de ferro (γ-Fe2O3) associadas a glifosato e Roundup®(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-10-22) Faria, João Marcos de Lima; Lopes, Welinton Ribamar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2717676926644498; Morais, Simone Maria Teixeira de Sabóia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6723881044959716; Morais, Simone Maria Teixeira de Sabóia; Martinez, Diego Stéfani Teodoro; Oliveira, Gisele Augusto Rodrigues deAdvances in the development of nanomaterials have qualified them as essencial elements for several areas, including remediation with applications in safety and environmental health. In the present study, iron nanoparticles (IONP) were synthesized with a size of 2.9 nm and functionalized with citrate. The experiments were carried out with female and male fishes of Poecilia reticulata (guppy) exposed to IONP (0.3 mgFe/L), as to iron ions (0.3 mg/L) (IFe) and to IONP+GLY associations (0.65 mg/L) and IONP + GBH (0.65 and 1.30 mgGLY/L) for 7, 14 and 21 days, followed by post-exposure periods in reconstituted water for 7, 14 and 21 days for evaluation of the ability to recover from damage caused to liver cells and tissues. Thus, the following biomarkers were evaluated: a) histological, with tissue integrity analysis and histopathological index calculation; b) ultrastructural, with evaluation of liver cells, evaluation and quantification of lipid distribution; c) biometrics, with assessment of the condition factor and hepatosomatic index; d) bioaccumulation, with quantification of iron in the fish body. It was found that the nanoparticulate form of iron causes less tissue damage, but greater bioaccumulation compared to the treatment with the ionic form of iron (IFe), in addition, the results indicated that treatments with IONP+GBH have greater toxicity in ultrastructural and histological biomarkers when compared to IONP+GLY. In addition to the assessment of damage from exposure, the data obtained indicated a trend towards recovery of the toxicity caused by all treatments in post-exposure periods equal to or greater than 21 days, for total reversal of the damage. Thus, the data described elucidated how the toxic effects of the association of IONP+GLY occurred, opening new perspectives for studies on the mechanisms of toxicity of IONPs, as well as their possibility of application for environmental remediation.Item Resistência à dessecação e morfologia de ovos de Odonata neotropicais(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-27) Giraldin, Maíra Machado; Marco Júnior, Paulo De; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2767494720646648; Marco Júnior, Paulo De; Arruda, Walquíria; Araújo, Walter Santos deThe Odonata species are distributed along with all kinds of water bodies, being present in streams, lakes, and ponds. Many of them can be found found in fish farming ponds, which provide excellent secondary habitats for species development. However, the larvae provide economic losses to the fish farmers, and the major reason is due to immature fish predation by the Odonata larvae which habit the ponds. During the ponds transition from an activity to another, the fish farmers drain out the ponds, aiming the elimination of pathogens and among them, the Odonata larvae. After the ponds refill, it has been observed in previous studies that the Odonata eggs develop rapidly, leading us to formulate the hypothesis which the species had gone through a selective pressure, which led to the evolution of more resistant eggs to desiccation. We will then, experimentally test the effect of the desiccation in the laboratory studying two neotropical Odonata species: Micrathyria hesperis (Ris 1911) and Perithemis mooma (Kirby, 1889). The hatch efficiencies showed that both species of this study do not suffer the effect of the water absence upon the larvae hatching. This result upholds the 3 hypothesis that eggs from Odonata species in which habitat temporary water bodies exhibit adaptive traits that maximize de immature survival in ephemerous environments. The species Micrathyria hesperis and Perithemis mooma are phylogenetically distant, indicating the desiccation resistance could be distributed among the Odonata.Item Percepção ambiental sobre a biodiversidade em uma região sob influência de atividade mineradora(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-07-19) Gomes, Nicole Mércia Alves; Marco Júnior, Paulo De; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2767494720646648; Marco Júnior, Paulo De; Guimarães, Lorena Dall’Ara; Bastos, Rogério PereiraEnvironmental behavior can be understood by the Theory of Planned Behavior, in which intention is a precursor of behavior and is determined by attitude, perceived behavioral control and subjective norm. We analyzed the environmental perception and the intention of rural landowners around a mining area to recover degraded areas on their properties. We used the model of planned behavior and intent constructs and added external variables (age, schooling and property size) to find out which characteristics explain intent. We also analyzed the relationships between the constructs themselves. We used factor analysis methods to construct the latent variables from a questionnaire. To test the relationships between these variables and between them and the external variables, we used the multiple regression technique. We found that attitude (r2=0.685; F1.30 =57.84; p<0.001), the subjective norm (r²=0.268; F1.30 = 11; p=0.002) and perceived control (r2= 0.154; F1.30 =5.49; p=0.025) have a positive effect on the intention to recover degraded areas, as well as education (t= 2.224; p= 0.034), but the age and size of the property did not affect the intention. We observed the relationship between and external variables and the constructs. It is important to seek strategies that act on the attitude and subjective norm, since such constructs are the ones that most influence intention, and the greater the intention, the greater the chance of this community to perform pro-environment behaviors.