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Item Administração transdérmica de cloridrato de raloxifeno encapsulado em nanopartículas lipídicas: estudos de pré-formulação para seleção dos lipídeos e tensoativos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-09-26) Alves, Guilherme Liberato; Taveira, Stephânia Fleury; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0382450621383005; Taveira, Stephânia Fleury; Marreto, Ricardo Neves; Gelfuso, Guilherme MartinsIntroduction: Raloxifene hydrochloride (RLX) is a widely prescribed drug for the treatment of osteoporosis and breast cancer. However, RLX presents a low oral bioavailability (2%), being an excellent candidate for transdermal drug delivery. The aim of this work was to develop nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) containing RLX for transdermal drug delivery. In order to choose proper excipients, a compatibility study was performed. Methodology: Compatibility study was performed with differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), thermogravimetric anaysis (TGA), derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), isothermal stress testing (IST) and solubility study. RLX quantification was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). After choosing the excipients, CLN were obtained by the microemulsion technique. Characterization was performed for mean diameter, polidispersivity index (PdI), zeta potential, entrapment efficiency (EE%) and stability. In vitro release and permeation studies were performed in Franz diffusion cells. Results and discussion. Conclusions: Drug-excipient compatibility studies allowed the development of stable and monodisperse CLN, capable of controlling drug release and increase its permeation in the skin when compared to the non-encapsulated drug in the control formulation.Item Utilização do óleo obtido de resíduos agroindustriais de goiaba (Psidium guajava L.) na nutrição de poedeiras comerciais(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-10-31) Barbosa, Nathalia Pedroso; Stringhini, Jose Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289; Mello, Heloísa Helena de Carvalho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5510965166352073; Conceição, Edemilson Cardoso da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7193007113950510; Conceição, Edemilson Cardoso da; Bara, Maria Teresa Freitas; Café, Marcos BarcellosPsidium guajava L. is a plant originated in Mexico, belonging to mytarceae family. The guava fruit is growth in economic value for the production of derivatives in the Brazilian agribusiness. However the use of guava pulp generates waste discarded in the environment, without the correct use, ie an environmental liability. The guava residue consists of pulp, peel, but mainly seeds. Yet is not described in the literature depth studies on its chemical composition or a suitable waste recovery. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the dust of organic residues of guava (donated by Food Predilecta ® - Matão, São Paulo), followed by obtaining the ethanol extract of the percolation method. The ethanol extract was characterized as the fatty acid profile, density and acid number and came to be known as: Powder oil waste processing Guava (OWG) from the OWG obtained the volatile fraction by hydrodistillation and characterization was carried out by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC / MS), followed by characterization of β-caryophyllene marker for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the identification of ORG constituents by GC / MS. We evaluated the antioxidant potential by free radical trapping methods 2,2-diphenyl-1- picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and the capture of ferrous sulfate (FRAP). And finally, evaluated the implementation of the OWG, in laying hens Bovans White to verify the performance, posture, egg quality, digestibility and chemical composition of eggs and lipid oxidation of gems. The analysis of the volatile fraction of the OWG by GC / MS resulted in the identification of 25 compounds having as the major, the β-caryophyllene with 21.15%. Thus, an analytical HPLC method was revalidated in accordance with the criteria of Resolution 899/03 of ANVISA for quantification of β-caryophyllene (26.26%) in the OWG, to then be used for monitoring and characterization of OWG. Moreover, GC / MS, were identified in OWG, vitamin E and phytosterols such as α- tocopherol and the β-tocopherol, β-sitosterol and campesterol. OWG showed potential antioxidant activity, with EC50 31.24 mg / mL for the capture of DPPH and a content of 3,67.10-6 mM of ferrous sulfate per gram of capture OWG. Performance reviews and posture did not differ between treatments. The eggs of the birds supplemented with ORG and BHT had favored characteristics in relation to egg weight, yolk weight, White egg weight, suggesting the replacement of BHT, a commercial antioxidant with potential carcinogen by OWG. In supplementation in the diet digestibility analysis of OWG and BHT favored the absorption of protein and feed lipids, suggesting that because the oil antioxidant potential in preserving the laying of the power of nutritional constituents as well as to preserve the moisture content, low value caloric albumen and the lipid content in the yolks. The results showed an egg production with superior quality compared to conventional production. The work generates natural antioxidant additive application alternatives that results in improved quality, productivity and reduction in production costs. Moreover favors the export in view of the new requirements of importing countries products of Brazilian poultry.Item Extrato líquido padronizado em capsantina a partir de Capsicum chinense Jacq. (Variedade Biquinho) e suas aplicações no desenvolvimento de um produto cosmético anti-aging(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-12-13) Brito, Lucélia de Sousa; Conceição, Edemilson Cardoso da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7193007113950510; Conceição, Edemilson Cardoso da; Borges, Leonardo Luiz; Silva, Luis Antônio DantasIntroduction: The pepper Capsicum chinense Jacq., popularly known as "biquinho pepper", has been outstanding in Brazil for presenting low pungency and a strong aroma. Its fruits are composed of several secondary metabolites, especially carotenoids, with important antioxidant properties. Objective: Develop a cosmetic product from the liquid extract of Capsicum chinense Jacq. standardized on capsanthin, evaluate its anti-aging efficacy in vivo and antioxidant activity. Methodology: The fruits of the "biquinho pepper" were sanitized, weighed, dehydrated, ground in a knife mill and hammers and stored at room temperature. The physico-chemical characterization of the pulverized vegetable raw material was carried out using the methods of microscopic analysis of the powder, determination of the volatile content, total ash, granulometric distribution and swelling index. Afterwards, the raw material was applied in the preparation of the liquid extract, using the techniques of maceration, percolation and concentration by forced ventilation, using the ethyl alcohol 96o GL as solvent extractor. The liquid extract was then characterized for solids content, pH, density and viscosity. Subsequently, total phenol concentration was determined by the technique of complexation of the phenolic compounds with ferric chloride solution, and also, the assay of total flavonoids and carotenoids by spectrophotometric methods. In addition, an analytical method by HPLC was validated for the quantification of the capsanthin in the concentrated liquid extract. Two cosmetics formulations were developed to perform comparative efficacy tests, a phytocosmistry developed from the liquid extract standardized on capsanthin, and another placebo formulation composed only of the galenic base of the product, without the addition of the extract. The cosmetics formulations were then evaluated for their accelerated stabilities and clinical efficacy anti-aging in vivo, evaluated in humans. The antioxidant activity was determined for the vegetable raw material, standardized liquid extract in capsanthin and the cosmetic formulation, using the DPPH radical capture, β-carotene / linoleic acid capture and ABTS radical capture assays. Results and discussion: For the physical-chemical characterization of the pulverized vegetable raw material, the microscopic analysis of the powder demonstrated the intimate nature of the sample as well as its purity, presented a volatile content of 4.62% (m / m), total ash content of 6.341%, the determination of the granulometric distribution classified the sample as coarse powder and the intumescence index was 1.27 ml ± 0.12 using alcohol 96o GL as an intumescent agent. In the physical-chemical characterization of the liquid extract the solids content was 19.16%, pH 3.7 ± 0.06, density 1.040 ± 0.0014 g / mL and viscosity of 3.22 mPas. The total phenolics, flavonoids and carotenoids contents for the raw material and concentrated liquid extract samples were respectively: 18 mg / 100 g and 168 mg / 100 g phenols, 10 mg / 100 g and 90.7 mg / 100 g flavonoids, 10mg / 100g and 83,70 mg / 100g of carotenoids. The validation of the analytical method by HPLC used in the quantification of capsanthin proved to be selective, linear (in the range of 0.48 to 7.2 μg / ml for the capsanthin standard and 26.93 to 404 mg / ml for the liquid extract), accurate, exact and robust. The content of capsanthin found in the liquid extract of C. chinense Jacq. was 1.126% (m / m). Both the standardized liquid extract and the cosmetic formulations were stable against accelerated stability tests, with results of organoleptic and physico-chemical characteristics within the parameters established for the tests. The analysis of the clinical anti-aging efficacy in vivo for cosmetic formulations has demonstrated the potentiation of efficacy for the cosmetic formulation consisting of the standardized liquid extract of Capsicum chinense Jacq., Compared with the placebo cosmetic, showing improvements in wrinkles, expression lines and sagging skin. The antioxidant activity in vitro for the vegetable raw material, standardized liquid extract in capsanthin and cosmetic formulation were respectively: 194.6μg / ml, 73.7μg / ml and 100μg / ml for capturing the DPPH radical relative to the IC50, 33.03%, 42.08% and 19.35% for inhibition of β-carotene oxidation, 22.87 μM Trolox / g, 51.81 μM Trolox / g, 900 μM Trolox / g for the ABTS radical capture. The values obtained for evaluations of antioxidant activities in vitro indicated that all the samples showed to be effective by antioxidant action, although the results have been lower if compared to their respective positive controls. Conclusions: The cosmetic product developed showed antioxidant activity and intended anti-aging efficacy, proving of potential use of the standardized liquid extract of biquinho pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) in technological and innovative phytocosmetic formulations.Item Avaliação do processo eletroquímico na degradação de amoxicilina e determinação de toxicidade dos subprodutos gerados(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-03-22) Caetano, Marcos Pereira; Gil, Eric de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3218622824233303; Gil, Eric de Souza; Garcia, Luane Ferreira; Comalti Júnior, FlávioIntroduction: Amoxicillin (AMX) is one of the world's most widely prescribed antibiotics for the treatment and prophylaxis of bacterial infections, in both human and veterinary medicine. The incomplete removal of this drug during the treatment of wastewater has attracted the attention of several researchers due to the risks of its bioaccumulation and consequent bacterial resistance. The electroemediation of drugs is of great value in the environmental scope, since electrochemical methods have several advantages when compared to the tools commonly used in the treatment of pharmaceutical and urban effluents. Objective: To evaluate the efficiency of the electrochemical process in the degradation of AMX using different electrolytic media and electrodes, as well as to investigate the adverse effects of the antibiotic before and after the electrochemical remediation. Methodology: The electrochemical tests were performed in three electrolytic media (tap water, Na2SO4 or NaCl solutions) and three anodes (carbon [C], titanium [Ti] and carbon modified with titanium oxide [TiO2 @ C]). The samples analyzed before and after the electro-oxidation were monitored by UV-visible, mass spectrometry and differential pulse voltammetry. After the electrooxidation process, the treated AMX solutions were analyzed by the ecotoxicity test with Danio rerio (zebrafish; paulistinha) and the minimum inhibitory concentration was calculated to determine the antimicrobial potential after treatment. Results and discussion: The titanium oxide modified carbon anode [TiO2 - C]) showed high efficiency, leading to the complete removal of amoxicillin in less than 10 minutes, in the order: [TiO2 @ C]> [Ti]> [C]. The dose of the electrolytes is supported in the following order: 0.1 M NaCl> Na 2 SO 4> 0.01 M NaCl> tap water. Amoxicillin does not pulse cardiac impressive of zebrafish during long term exposure. Conclusions: The electrooxidation of amoxicillin using TiO2 electrode in 0.01 M NaCl solution was able to decrease the antimicrobial activity of amoxicillin. At a high concentration of electrolyte, there is an increase in the rate of drug removal, there is why it is not the habitat that the zebrafish has become a toxic environment. The technique has been serous in the degradation of amoxicillin and can be applied to other organic pollutants.Item Aplicação do modelo microbiano do metabolismo animal ao estudo da biotransformação de um potencial agente cardioativo(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-02-28) Carneiro, Emmanuel de Oliveira; Oliveira, Valéria de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6300240031300604; Oliveira, Valéria de; Porto, André Luiz Meleiro; Andrade, Carolina HortaDrug metabolism, or biotransformation, is the enzymatically catalyzed conversion of a drug to a chemically distinct product, known generically as metabolite. The biotransformation impact on drugs biological fate makes essential to study it in the early stages of drug development. Traditionally, in vivo metabolism are conducted in animal models, whose biological fluids are examined for metabolites identification. The observation that simple microorganisms can mimic most of the phase I and some phase II reactions performed in mammals has shown they represent an alternative to produce high amounts of metabolites in vitro. The main organisms used are filamentous fungi, with particular attention to Beauveria bassiana and the genus Cunninghamella. The aim of this work is the application of B. bassiana as a microbial model to study LASSBio-294 biotransformation profile in parallel to an animal model. This substance has demonstrated significant positive inotropic and vasodilatory properties, turning it a potential cardioactive prototype. A capsule with LASSBio-294 was administered to a dog in a pilot study and analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet detection (HPLCUV). B. bassiana ATCC 7159 incubation supernatant samples were taken and analyzed by HPLC- UV. At the end of the process, formed metabolites were extracted and purified. One product was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS). According to the HPLC-UV analysis, B. bassiana ATCC 7159 produced a major metabolite detected in higher concentration after 24 hours of incubation. This metabolite was the same detected in dog serum samples. The biosynthesis of this metabolite resulted in a yield of 6%. The spectral data show the produced metabolite by dog and B. bassiana ATCC 7159 is a LASSBio-294 sulfoxide derivative. In vitro biosynthesis allowed to obtain, in considerable yield, the main mammalian metabolite detected in the in vivo method.Item Bioconversão e degradação da venlafaxina em seu metabólito ativo(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-03-03) Carneiro, Wilsione José; Oliveira, Valéria de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6300240031300604; Oliveira, Valéria de; Nóda Perez, Caridad; Cunha, Luiz Carlos da; Menegatti, RicardoThe venlafaxine, 1-[2-dimethylamino-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-ethyl] cyclohexanol, is a antidepressant drug of second generation. This is one of the most potent reuptake inhibitor of serotonin and noradrenaline, and its therapeutic effect is attributed to this activity. Venlafaxine is biotransformed in the liver to O-desmethylvenlafaxine (desvenlafaxine), N, O-desmethylvenlafaxine, N-desmethylvenlafaxine. Enzymes CYP2D6, CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 metabolize venlafaxine and major metabolite is the O desmethylvenlafaxine. This is pharmacologically active and contributes significantly to the pharmacological effect of venlafaxine, as is found in plasma at high concentrations. The investigation of the formation of degradation products is of great importance, because the products formed may be less active, more active or toxic. Bioconversion or the application of microbial models is a strategy to mimic the mammalian metabolism produces significant quantities of metabolites for studies of pharmacological activity and toxicological. This work represents a forced degradation study of venlafaxine extended release capsules in different stress conditions (acid and alkaline hydrolysis, oxidative and thermal) and select strains of filamentous fungi, to identify those able to metabolize venlafaxine and produce in a semi-preparative major metabolites. The filamentous fungi used were: Aspergillus candidus ATCC 2023, Beauveria bassiana ATCC 7159, Cunninghamella echinulata ATCC 9244, Cunningamella elegans ATCC 6169, Mortierella isabelina ATCC 1757 and Rhizopus arrhizus ATCC 11145. Was developed and validated method stability indicating HPLC using reverse phase for the analysis of venlafaxine in pharmaceutical formulation. The metabolites prepared by bioconversion were used for structural elucidation and later as a reference chemical in the analysis of stability studies and future studies of pharmacological and toxicological activity. The fungus Cunninghamella elegans ATCC 6169 was selected and produced O desmethylvenlafaxine (desvenlafaxine) and dihydroxy-venlafaxine, similar to those found in mammals, reinforcing the application of microbial models for the study of animal metabolism. The study indicated the stability of the acid condition of venlafaxine, formed two degradation products, the products found were similar to those obtained by bioconversion. The O-desmethylvenlafaxine, corresponds to the active metabolite of venlafaxine in humans and was recently approved for the treatment of major depressive disorder. Those studies, one can get the O-desmethylvenlafaxine in bioconversion reactions by Cunninghamella elegans ATCC 6169 and forced degradation studies of venlafaxine. The method developed and validated HPLC method was considered indicative of stability analysis of venlafaxine extended-release capsules, it is sensitive, specific (interference < 2%), precise (RSD < 2%), linear (r > 0.99), accurate (98.0 to 102.0%) and reproducible (RSD < 2%).Item Eletroanálise aplicada a ensaios de compatibilidade e estabilidade de fármacos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-08-31) Carvalho, Murilo Ferreira de; Garcia, Luane Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6624146379323596; Gil, Eric de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3218622824233303; Garcia, Luane Ferreira; Leite, Karla Carneiro de Siqueira; Alecrim, Morgana Fernandes; Marreto, Ricardo Neves; Oliveira, Thiago Levi SilvaIntroduction: The pharmaceutical industry faces a major challenge to improve the solubility of some active ingredients. Carvedilol (CRV) is the drug of therapeutic choice in cardiovascular diseases. CRV presents low water solubility and low bioavaliability. Several researches were performed in order to increase the oral bioavailability, where selfemulsifying appeared as viable alternatives. Objective: The objective of this work was to evaluate interactions between CRV and its excipients, detecting the oxidative potential of these substances, thus, providing predictive data for the oxidation that may affect the stability and bioavailability of the drug system. Methodology: In the carbon pastes preparation were used 70 mg (graphite) and 30 mg (oil). Six excipients, oleic acid, canola, capmul, safflower, sesame and Plurol isoestearique. The following proportions were used in the making of the paste: 30:0, 20:10, 15:15, 10:20 and 0:30 of liquid excipient (sample): mineral oil (mg:mg) and 1.5:68.5, 3:67 and 7:63 of solid excipient (sample): graphite (mg:mg). CRV was incorporated in the oil moiety for solubilization and after used in solidstate analysis in the carbon paste. The techniques used were cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Results and Discussions: The Isostearique Plurol® was found to be electro-active in the studied potential, however, this oil oxidizes in different potentials from CRV. The results show that Isostearique Plurol®, liquid excipient, isoestearique acid and the solid excipient presented the greatest variations of anodic potential and were considered the best excipients for the CRV formulation. CRV presented higher stability at room temperature (25 ºC), whereas, it presented higher stability at 50 ºC when mixed with 7% estearique acid. Conclusions: Evidences of incompatibility were not found, relative to the increase of oxidation vulnerability, when in the presence of these excipients. The employment of electroanalysis for CRV compatibility studies show promising viability.Item Glicosilação regiosseletiva da hesperetina catalisada por Cunninghamella echinulata ATCC 9244, em biorreator(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-03-19) Carvalho, Pedro Henrique de Oliveira; Oliveira, Valéria de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6300240031300604; Oliveira, Valéria de; Arruda, Evilanna Lima; Bara, Maria Teresa Freitas; Santiago, Mariângela FontesIntroduction: Hesperetina is a flavonoid, belongs to flavanones class, with several pharmacological activities, the most cited being the antioxidant potential. However, it presents low solubility and consequently low bioavailability, making it difficult to apply it in a systemic pharmaceutical formulation. Glycosylation of hesperetin effectively modifies its pharmacokinetic properties, increasing its antidiabetic, antitilipidemic activity and efficacy against helicobacter pylori. Filamentous fungi are used in biotechnological processes to increase the activity of molecules, being able to glycosylate, regio and stereoselective derivatives, with less cytotoxicity. Cunninghamella belongs to the class of filamentous fungi capable of catalyzing glycosylation reactions. With the demand of scale-up the production of bioactive compounds, bioreactors are a promising strategy, providing a controlled environment. Aim: The objective of this work was to scale-up the regioselective glycosylation of hesperetin catalyzed by Cunninghamella echinulata 9244 in a bioreactor, with pharmacological activities improved. Methods: Hesperetin was incubated with the microorganism in PDSM medium on two scales, semi-preparative (100 mL) and preparative (2 L). HPLC-MS was used to monitoring and the caracterization of the product formed was confirmed by 1H13C NMR. Tests of anticancer and cytotoxicity were realized. Results and Discussion: The glycosylation yield in the semi-preparative scale was 0.8%, while in the preparative scale the result was 22.9%. The increase in yield can be explained by the automated control of the main parameters such as pH and oxygenation. The ideal time for biosynthesis of the glycosylated derivative in bioreactor was 72 hours. The purified product glycosylated was identified by NMR in hesperetin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, not exhibiting anticancer activity, but with reduction of cytotoxicity, with IC 50 9.5 times lower than the starting compound. Conclusions: Regioselective glycosylation of hespertin was performed in a single step in bioreactor, significantly increasing the yield. The chromatographic procedure proposed by the HPLC-MS allowed a fast and efficient identification and characterization of the derivative.Item Estudo clínico de segurança não controlado do uso de drogas vegetais em pacientes atendidos em um ambulatório público de fitoterapia(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-02) Cirilo, Hérica Núbia Cardoso; Cunha, Luiz Carlos da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6349547031976679; Bara, Maria Teresa Freitas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3914164125498267; Bara, Maria Teresa Freitas; Santos, Thalyta Renata Araújo; Alves, Suzana Ferreira; Paula, José Realino de; Soares, Amanda QueirozIntroduction: The use of medicinal plants has been increasing worldwide, so as the reports of adverse events (AE) related to them. The World Health Organization Toxicity Grading Scale for Determining the Severity of Adverse Events (WHO-TGS) establishes the toxicity criteria for laboratory tests in clinical trials with humans, allowing to evaluate the safety of a treatment. Additionally, the Naranjo Algorithm establishes the causal relationship between the observed AE and the product under investigation. Main objective: To verify the safety of the use of 12 medicinal plants in subjects attended at a phytotherapy outpatient clinic of the Unified Health System, using the WHO-TGS and the Naranjo Algorithm. Methodology: This is an open and prospective uncontrolled "before and after" clinical study. The selected participants were submitted to laboratory tests before and after 30 days of use of the prescribed medicinal plants. The results were analyzed according to WHO-TGS. The medicinal plants were suspended for 30 days in those who presented laboratory alterations indicative of toxicity, the exams were repeated, and the results analyzed. The observed AE had their causality established through the Naranjo Algorithm. Results and discussion: There was a higher prevalence of female individuals, mean age of 46 years, graduated level, who sought the health service to treat depression and anxiety. The majority of them are non-users of tobacco and illicit drugs, while half regularly consume alcoholic beverages, and are characterized mainly by the daily use of medicinal plants, plant drugs and herbal medicines for therapeutic purposes. 42 subjects were selected to use the medicinal plants prescribed for 30 days, of which 17 (40.5%) did not present AE, whereas 25 (59.5%) presented Grade 1 toxicity (GT1) AE, mainly the increase in amylase concentration (n=9). After the suspension of the medicinal plants use, 14 participants continued to present GT1 AE, mainly hypomagnesemia and hematuria. The Naranjo Algorithm established a possible causal relationship between hyperamylasemia; hypomagnesemia; hematuria; AST, ALT and GGT increase; hyperglycemia; hypocalcemia; hypercalcemia; thrombocytopenia; prothrombin time elevation; proteinuria and the medicinal plants used. Conclusions: The results obtained revealed the socio-demographic, clinical, life habits and pharmacotherapeutic profile of the participants. They demonstrated the occurrence of AE after the use of Bauhinia forficata, Curcuma longa, Cynara scolymus, Equisetum arvense, Erythrina mulungu, Matricaria chamomilla, Melissa officinalis, Passiflora edulis, Phyllanthus niruri e Zingiber officinale, evidencing a possible causal relationship to the use of these medicinal plants. Such relationship corresponds to a low level of probability of occurrence of an AE by the products under investigation, that is, it demonstrates safety in the use of these medicinal plants, in the experimental conditions employed.Item Modelos de aprendizado de máquina para avaliação preditiva de toxicidade dérmica aguda de compostos químicos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-12-16) Hall, Steven Umualê Silva; Alves, Vinicius de Medeiros; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7314022014345242; Andrade, Carolina Horta; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2018317447324228; Andrade, Carolina Horta; Scotti, Marcus Tullius; Neves, Bruno JuniorIntroduction: Acute dermal toxicity is a collection of adverse effects that a substance can cause in the first 24 hours of dermal exposure to this chemical. This toxicological property using animals by estimating the lethal dose (LD50), the dose required to kill 50% of individuals of a test population. However, due to public and political pressure on issues related to animal testing, alternative methods are becoming essential to reduce the costs and number of test animals. Computational methods such as machine learning methods have been presented as a reliable alternative to animal testing for hazard assessment. Objectives: The main goal of this study was to develop machine learning models capable of predicting acute dermal toxicity of chemicals, and to make these models available in an online server for the scientific community. Methodology: Acute dermal toxicity datasets where compiled from literature and rigorously curated. Classificatory and multi-classificatory QSPR (Quantitative Structure-property Relationships) models were developed using molecular descriptors and machine learning algorithms and where then used to screen the CosIng library as a case study. Results and discussion: After data curation, 2,622 compounds were kept in the dataset (384 toxic and 2238 non-toxic). To avoid developing biased models, the dataset was balanced, and 768 (384 toxic and 384 non-toxic) were kept for the modeling. The best classificatory models were generated with random forest algorithm and achieved CCR of 79%, SE of 80%, SP of 78%. The best models were used in an integrated hierarchical strategy that obtained ACC= 74% and Recall =74%. In total 33 compounds from CosIng were correctly predicted as toxic. Conclusions: The developed QSPR models were robust and predictive and are capable of predicting acute dermal toxicity efficiently. These are thde first models developed for this endpoint which passed by a rigorous data curation and validation process, being valuable in the prediction of toxicity from new untested compounds. These models are available in a web server through the address https://stoptox.mml.unc.edu .Item Preparação e uso de eletrodos de frafite nanoestruturados de vanadato de bismuto na degradação fotoeletrocatalítica de radamina B isotiacianato(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-02-10) Isecke, Bruna Guimarães; Teixeira, Guilhermina Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5992362464264556; Gil, Eric de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3218622824233303; Gil, Eric de Souza; Oliveira, Sérgio Botelho de; Colmati Júnior, Flávio; Oliveira, Mayk Teles de; Prado, Lara Barroso BritoPhotoelectrocatalysis is a promising way to treat water contaminated by negative organic compounds. The use of BiVO4 nanoparticles supported on a conductive substrate allows the degradation of pollutants to be carried out under less energetic conditions. In this work, we report the degradation of Rhodamine B Isothiocyanto dye in a BiVO4/graphite (BVO@C) electrode performed under visible light irradiation through a photoelectrocatalytic process. The BiVO4 particles passed through ultrasonic irradiation by coprecipitation and then deposited on the surface of a graphite by the impregnation method. The 23 factorial design was used to optimize electrode fabrication. The electrode was characterized using SEM/EDS, XRD and DLS techniques. For the electrochemical characterization of the electrode, cyclic voltammetry (VC) and electronic impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were performed. The evaluation of the degradation of RhB isothionate was carried out in the processes of electrooxidation and photoelectrocatalysis, controlling or not controlling the temperature using the unmodified electrode and the BVO@C electrode. The characterization of the electrode confirmed the impregnation of the graphite with a BiVO4 particle through SEM/EDS, revealing specific peaks referring to vanadium (V), bismuth (Bi) and oxygen (O). The XRD analysis bought peaks related to the monoclinic phase of BiVO4, this fact being important due to the smaller band gap value, which implies activation of the semiconductor through light in the visible range. DLS and zeta potential analysis revealed negative charges on the surface of BVO@C, PDI values that indicated that the solution used for impregnation had monodispersive characteristics, which corroborated to a less regular impregnation, since this factor does not contribute to a deposition independent. Electrochemical analyzes confirm a considerable improvement of the modified electrode through a decrease in resistivity that may be associated with the presence of BiVO4, in addition to a decrease in hysteresis in relation to the emission/reduction pair. After 30 minutes, the degradation results in the electrocatalysis (EC) and photoelectrocatalysis (PEC) system, the results were considered relevant, reaching almost 100% of the dye being degraded, with a higher degradation rate for the photoelectrocatalysis experiments in relation to electroxidation, and higher values in experiments in which temperature was not controlled. To analyze the electrode reuse cycles, several reuse cycles were performed and the electrode efficiency (BVO@C) was observed. After nine cycles of reuse of the BVO@C electrode, it was observed that it presented more than 80% of RhB efficiency. and photoelectrocatalysis of dyes from industrial effluents.Item Avaliação do potencial antioxidante e atividade vasorrelaxante de Cinnamomum sp.(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-05-16) Moreno, Emily Kussmaul Gonçalves; Macêdo, Isaac Yves Lopes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7801802836007488; Gil, Eric de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3218622824233303; Macêdo, Isaac Yves Lopes de; Garcia, Telma Alves; Rocha, Matheus Lavorenti; Carvalho, Murilo Ferreira de; Machado, Fabio BahlsThe great interest in the study of antioxidants is mainly the prevention of physiological damage caused by oxidative processes. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum sp.), is a spice used worldwide in cooking and has gained prominence for its pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflamatory, antibacterial, antifungal, cardiovascular, among others. Given the importance of determining the antioxidant capacity in relation to therapeutic methods, this study aims to evaluate the antioxidant profile of commercial cinnamon samples by spectrophotometric, electrochemical and vasorelaxant methods. The spectrophotometric methods performed were 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-azinobis (3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and Folin-Ciocalteu. For the electrochemical experiments, a three-electrode system was used, consisting of carbon paste electrode, platinum wire, and Ag/AgCl/KClsat, representing the working, auxiliary, and reference electrodes, respectively. The electroanalytical methods used were differential pulse, square wave, and cyclic voltammetries. Vascular reactivity was evaluated in aortic artery rings from male Wistar rats, using arteries with intact vascular endothelium and without endothelium. The endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) pathway and the inhibitor N-nitro-L-arginine-methylester (L-NAME) were used in this analysis. The correlation between the electrochemical approach and total phenols by the ABTS, DPPH, and Folin- Ciocalceu methods were 0.63, 0.70, and 0.73, respectively, with 1 being an ideal correlation. The correlation between spectrophotometric methods was 0.83. For the electrochemical results, a similar profile was observed, with anodic peak a.c Epa1= 0.1 V, indicative of polyphenolic compounds with high antioxidant power. In addition, a biosensor on a carbon paste electrode was applied to the selected extracts using laccase enzyme, obtained by the fungus Marasmiellus sp. and a signal improvement of up to 4 times in the antioxidant profile was observed when compared to the electrode without modification. The samples were analyzed by mass spectrometer, and the main chemical markers found were coumarin, cinnamaldehyde, and eugenol. Pharmacological assays showed that these samples also promoted a significant vasorelaxant effect associated to the antioxidant potential. Thus, cinnamon showed a high antioxidant capacity, in agreement with the results obtained in other studies, emphasizing its importance as a functional food.Item Desenvolvimento de nanopartículas lipídicas e associação de iontoforese para administração transdérmica do lopinavir(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-30) Moura, Rayssa Barbary Pedroza; Andrade, Lígia Marquez; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9862318690104720; Taveira, Stephânia Fleury; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0382450621383005; Taveira, Stephânia Fleury; Marreto, Ricardo Neves; Gelfuso, Guilherme MartinsIntroduction: Lopinavir (LPV) is one of the antiretrovirals used to combat the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It has low oral bioavailability, a complex therapeutic regimen, and adverse effects, which affect the efficiency of the therapy. Transdermal administration can circumvent or reduce these problems. However, it requires strategies that facilitate the permeation of the drug. It is believed that nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) combined with iontophoresis can increase the permeation of LPV to the deeper layers of the skin to be absorbed systemically. Objective: Develop NLC containing LPV and evaluate the permeation of the drug with and without iontophoresis. Methodology: The analytical method was adapted and validated. The solubility of the drug in surfactants was evaluated to select those that most solubilize LPV. NLC with different concentrations of LPV (0.5 - 1.5 mg/mL) were produced. Full characterization was performed (mean diameter, polydispersity index (PdI), zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency (EE), recovery (REC), drug loading (DL), and morphology). Electrical stability studies of the drug and NLC were carried out, as well as studies of electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR), release and permeation in vitro, with and without electric current. Results and discussion: The method was linear, precise, and accurate. The NLC was spherical (145.83 ± 5.229 to 179 ± 2.551 nm). The PdI and zeta potential indicated good homogeneity and stability of the NLC. EE was around 80%, and, therefore, particles with 1.5 mg/mL of LPV were selected for subsequent studies. The stability studies of NLC-LPV concerning electric current demonstrated that the application of iontophoresis significantly reduced EE. The EPR spectra showed a significant increase in the nanoparticles' stiffness when an electrical current was applied. The electrical current also significantly increased the drug release in 6 h study compared to studies without electrical current. These data demonstrate that the electric current is a trigger in the drug release since it increases the rigidity of the lipid matrix. Iontophoresis also significantly increased the permeation of LPV. With an electrical current, LPV quantification was 14,49 ± 3,98 and 21,85 ± 2,28 μg after cathodic and anodic iontophoresis. These permeation data are significantly higher than the drug's EC50 values for various strains of the virus, reported in the literature. Conclusion: The combination of iontophoresis with NLC enabled higher permeation of LPV and proved to be a promising strategy for transdermal drug administration. However, in vivo, and pharmacokinetic studies are needed to assess the effectiveness of the strategy used in this study.Item Desenvolvimento de modelo ex vivo (Nov-ex) de córnea bovina em inferface ar-líquido para avaliação de toxicidade ocular: padronização e aplicabilidade(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-07-13) Penha, Jaqueline Rodrigues da; Valadares, Marize Campos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6157755243167018; Valadares, Marize Campos; Cunha, Luiz Carlos da; Andrade, Wanessa MachadoIntroduction: The evaluation of ocular toxicity is a mandatory parameter for the classification and labeling of products that may come into contact with the ocular surface, and is carried out according to the extent and depth of the damage caused after exposure. Currently, no model is capable of predicting mild and reversible damage to the cornea that would allow continuous and repeated ex-posures. Objective:! Standardize the cultivation of bovine cornea, in an air-liquid interface, evaluat-ing parameters of tissue viability and cell proliferation, after exposure to chemical and pharmaceuti-cal products. Methodology: Bovine eyes were collected from recently slaughtered animals in a slaughterhouse (Goiânia-GO). Central parts of the corneas were removed and cultivated in DMEM culture medium, supplemented with 5% bovine fetal serum and 10ng/mL of epidermal growth factor at 37°C and atmosphere 5% CO2. Initially, the model was exposed to ten chemical substances of different categories and evaluated by tissue viability assay (MTT). The model was also exposed to samples of capillary straighteners of commercial use nebulized by the Vitrocell® Cloud 12 exposure chamber and evaluated for tissue viability via MTT. Hitological analysis and expression of intracellu-lar formation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROs) were performed, via DCFH- DA. Results: The model was viable for six days in air-liquid interface and was able to distinguish categories1/2. Expo-sure to Category 2A/2B substances showed a more significant reduction in tissue viability in the 48 hours following exposure, and not immediately after exposure. All samples of commercial use of capillary straightener were cytotoxic. Furthermore, the analysis of one of the samples demonstrated histopathological changes and an increase in intracellular production of ROs. Conclusion: The model was viable during six days of cultivation, being able to distinguish substances from different categories of ocular irritation. In addition, the model enables support for studies with continuous and repeated exposures, being a promising model for occupational toxicity data.Item Análise temporal do perfil de doações e da taxa de inaptidão sorológica de um banco de sangue público no Brasil(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-03-06) Pessoni, Lívia Lara; Alcântara, Keila Correia de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3089303305362001; Alcântara, Keila Correia de; Santos, Thalyta Renata de Araújo; Leles, Renan NunesIntroduction: Rigor in the selection process of donors led to a decrease in the number of individuals who meet the criteria of clinical and serological suitability for blood donation. In contrast, advances in medicine and the life expectancy of the population have led to an increase in the consumption of blood components. These factors created a challenge for hemotherapy services to guarantee the fulfillment of transfusion demand, combining the availability of blood products in their quality. This scenario led to the search for strategies to attract donors, such as the introduction of incentives to increase the number of donations. Objectives: Conduct a temporal analysis of the profile of blood donations performed in a public blood bank. Materials and methods: Retrospective study of donations between 2010-2016. Part of the analysis was stratified into three periods: before, during and after changing the criteria of an incentive program. Multinomial and multivariate logistic regression was used to verify the association between the explanatory variables and the positive serologies. Trends was evaluated by Prais Winsten's Regression. The Kruskal Wallis test was used to evaluate the seasonality. Results: 149,983 donations (1.08% of the local population) were performed, with a reduction of 29% (p <0.05). 49% of the donations were of the voluntary modality, 30% of campaign, 18% of replacement and 3% of other types of donation. The campaign donations had a 5.67% increase during the first study period (p <0.05), a decrease of 0.85% in the 2nd period (p> 0.05) and 6.65% in the 3rd period (p> 0.05) resulting in a total decrease of 5.02% (p <0.05). The transfusional transmissible infections rate was 3.71%, with a stationary tendency and the chance of donors having a serological disability was lower (OR = 0.8628; CI: 0.8126 - 0.9161; p < 0.0001). Seroprevalences for HBV, syphilis, HCV, HIV, Chagas disease and HTLV were 1.63%, 0.87%, 0.46%, 0.21%, 0.21% and 0.09%, espectively. The prevalence of HBV decreased (b = -0.021, p <0.001), while syphilis increased (b = 0.112; p = 0.001). Conclusion: The amount of blood donation is decreasing, which may be related to the decrease in campaign donations.Item Os estágios iniciais do desenvolvimento do zebrafish como modelo alternativo para predizer a toxicidade oral aguda in vivo(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-02-11) Prado, Lara Barroso Brito; Valadares, Marize Campos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6157755243167018; Oliveira, Gisele Augusto Rodrigues de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6221735418479539; Oliveira, Danielle Palma de; Rocha, Matheus Lavorenti; Ferreira, Monica Valdyrce dos Anjos Lopes; Alves, Vinícius de Medeiros; Valadares, Marize CamposZebrafish (Danio rerio) early-life stages offer a complex and multicellular system integrating various tissues and differentiation processes. In addition, the zebrafish embryos are structurally and functionally similar to vertebrates, including humans. The acute toxicity test with zebrafish embryos and larvae is already worldwide recognized as an alternative model for ecotoxicological assessment, but it is not include in normative of the Council fot the Control of Animal Experimentation (CONCEA), wich recognize the use of alternative methods validated in research activities in Brazil. This organism model can filling the gap between conventional in vitro and in vivo tests for extrapolation of data for humans, the present study aimed to assess the acute toxicity of substances with different Global Harmonization System (GHS) categories using zebrafish early-life stage to determine LC50 values and compared with in vivo (LD50) acute oral toxicity data from literature, in order to generate a model to prediction acute oral toxicity. This prediction model was evaluated by the application of a drug candidate (LQFM 021). Fifteen substances were evaluated by Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity (FET) test (OECD 236). Parameter evaluated was lethal and sublethal effects after 96 h of exposure. A linear regression- model using the log-transformed of the LC50 values and LD50 was generated for the estimated of LD50 from LC50 values. This model resulted in the following equation Log LD50 (mg/kg) = 0.5749 x log LC50 (mg/L) + 1.284. The method domain of application was 53.33% and the R2 was 0,66. Sublethal effects indicate that substances more toxic presented more abnormalities. The DL50 predicted with FET testing LQFM 021, which classified as category 4 in GHS acute oral systemic toxicity assessment, was of 408.52 mg/kg, which also classified as Category 4. In this work, Quantitative Activity-Activity Relationship (QAAR) models were also developed, based on the data obtained in the FET test with zebrafish. This model using seven toxicological descriptors generated statistically predictive models with R2 values ranging from 0.80 to 0.95 and in combination with the Random Forest method it presented the best performance in the prediction of acute oral toxicity in vivo. Therefore, our results suggest that early-life stages of zebrafish could be at least a refinement in the sense of the principles of the 3R’s to predict acute oral toxicity in vivo, being as an intermediary in the preclinical evaluation between in vitro and in vitro.Item Imunossensor impedimétrico para determinação de rituximabe aplicado ao controle qualidade e monitoramento clínico(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-02-10) Rodrigues, Edson Silvio Batista; Neves, Bruno Júnior; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7256565904920282; Gil, Eric de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3218622824233303; Gil, Eric de Souza; Sgobbi, Lívia Flório; Feres, Valeria Christina De Rezende; Oliveira Neto, Jerônimo Raimundo de; Ferreira Júnior, ÁlvaroIntroduction: Cancer is an umbrella term for a large group of diseases that can affect any part of the body. Rituximab (RTX) is a chimeric monoclonal antibody (mAb) formed by the mouse/human combination, which specifically binds to the CD20 cell marker that is expressed in normal and malignant B lymphocytes, exerting significant antitumor activity. In this context, RTX emerged as a therapeutic alternative in the treatment of various pathologies, including autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and various types of cancer in which sensitive and low-cost methods are required for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and quality control (QC) of this drug. Objectives: To develop a selective electrochemical immunosensor for the detection and quantification of RTX in urine and blood. Methodology: The ploliconal antibody (pAb) was purified from chicken egg, used as a biorecognition element to create an immunosensor for the detection and quantification of RTX. The immunosensor was constructed from the immobilization of the RTX IgY antibody on the glassy carbon electrode surfaces. The characterization of the immunosensor was obtained through monitoring at each stage via cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, where selectivity is obtained by specifically binding pAb and RTX and casein is used to block possible nonspecific interactions of other proteins. After the development of the immunosensor, the validation of the method was carried out, evaluating the selectivity, accuracy, precision, linearity and limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ). Finally, the RTX was determined in urine and blood samples. Results and discussion: Linearity was demonstrated between charge transfer resistance and RTX from 2 to 14 μg mL−1 (r2 of 0.99), with LOD and LOQ of 130 and 400 ng mL−1 respectively. The method showed adequate precision with a RPD of 0.96% for researcher 1 and 1.27% for researcher 2, and accuracy with a RPD of 1.30%, with a confidence interval between 99.0% and 101.0 %. Selectivity was achieved by demonstrating the binding specificity between the antibody and RTX, where casein blocks non-specific binding when the immunosensor is applied to blood and urine samples. Conclusion: The developed immunosensor presented precision and accuracy for the detection of RTX with results in approximately 20 minutes. In this way, low-cost, marker-sensitive electrochemical immunosensors can help in TDM, QC and extended stability monitoring of different drugs, in a simple way and with versatile assays.Item Avaliação toxicológica de uma formulação a base de glifosato e seus principais constituintes sobre o estágio embrio-larval de zebrafish: exposição única e repetida(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-06-12) Rodrigues, Laís de Brito; Oliveira, Gisele Augusto Rodrigues de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6221735418479539; Oliveira, Gisele Augusto Rodrigues de; Fil, Eric de Souza; Valadares, Marize Campos; Rocha, Thiago Lopes; Sabóia-Morais, Simone Maria Teixeira deGlyphosate (GLY) is the active ingredient of several herbicide formulations used to control weeds in agricultural and non-agricultural areas. Due to intensive use of GLY-based formulations and the repeated applications once weed resistance, some of their components, including the active ingredient, may reach the aquatic environment through direct run-off and leaching. The present study assessed the acute toxicity, after continuous and repeated exposures, and genotoxicity of the GLY-based formulation Atanor 48 (ATN) and its major constituents GLY, surfactant polyethoxylated tallow amine (POEA), as well as the main metabolite of GLY aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) on zebrafish early life stages. Also, we evaluate larvae resilience after ATN, GLY and POEA pulsed-exposure. The toxic effects of these chemicals were evaluated in the fish embryo acute toxicity test with zebrafish (Danio rerio), while genotoxic effects were investigated in the comet assay with cells from zebrafish larvae and rainbow trout gonad-2 (RTG-2). GLY and AMPA caused no acute toxic effect after continuous exposure, while ATN and POEA induced significant lethal effects in zebrafish (LC50-96 h 76.50 mg/L and 5.49 mg/L, respectively. In summary, these data indicate that the lethal effects on zebrafish early-life stages can be ranked in the following order from most to least toxic: POEA > ATN > GLY ≈ AMPA. All compounds were genotoxic to zebrafish larvae (LOEC 1.7 mg/L for GLY, ATN, AMPA and 0.4 mg/L for POEA). Unlike in vivo. POEA induced DNA damage in RTG-2 cells (LOEC 1.6 mg/L), suggesting that it is a direct acting genotoxic agent. GLY caused no acute toxic effect after repeated pulse exposure. However, ATN showed significant mortality (LC50-96 h 148.80 mg/L) after 5 h pulse at 100 mg/L and POEA induced significant toxicity on zebrafish early life stages after 1, 2 and 5 h pulse with LC50-96 h of 43.49 mg/L, 47.23 mg/L and 11.61 mg/L, respectively. Zebrafish was not able to reverse the sublethal effects induced by ATN, GLY and POEA during the recovery period. The toxic effects induced by ATN and POEA after pulsed-exposure were less than continuous exposure. Therefore, its important to evaluate different toxicological endpoints with distinct exposure scenarios to predict the hazards of GLY-based formulations, their components and breakdown product to aquatic biota.Item Avaliação dos efeitos de irritantes inalatórios no modelo alveolar 3D Tox In-Pulmonar(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-03-29) Rodrigues, Marcella Miranda Siqueira Furtuoso; Valadares, Marize Campos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6157755243167018; Valadares, Marize Campos; Silva Neto, Benedito Rodrigues da; Fernandes, Caio PinhoIntroduction: The Respiratory System has direct contact with the external environment, making it one of the main entry routes for chemical compounds and/or particles in the human organism. Inhalation toxicity analyzes are performed through in vivo tests, however, the toxicology of the 21st century seeks to replace, reduce and refine the use of animals in research. Currently, the emergence of new substances and particles with the most diverse purposes is increasing, being necessary for the toxicological investigation of these. With the advancement of science and the emergence of new technologies, some companies have commercially made available in vitro models for assessing inhalation toxicity, however, these models are not commercially available in Brazil. With this in mind, the research group Tox In developed a 3Dmodel with human pulmonary alveolar cells A549 (Tox In-Pulmonar) to mimic human exposure through culture in an air-liquid interface and conduct in vitro inhalation toxicity assessments in Brazil. Objective: To investigate the effects of exposure of lung cells to inhaledtoxicants directly on the tissue, using the Tox In-Pulmonar model. Methods: Inhaled toxicantswere prepared according to the determined concentrations and according to the physical and chemical characteristics of each compound. The construction of the Tox In-Pulmonar model occurred by cultivating the A549 cell in an air-liquid interface. In the present study, the exposure of inhaled toxicants in liquid form directly on the tissue was evaluated and PBS was used as a negative control. After exposure, the tissues were incubated in the culture oven at 37ºC for 3 hours and evaluated using the MTT assay. Morphological evaluation of the Tox In-Pulmonar model was also performed through histological processing. Results: The results suggest that the Tox InPulmonar model responds to exposure to inhaled toxicants according tothe GHS classification and that from this model a prediction for LC50 concentrations in animals can be made. Discussion: The model proved to be promising in the responses to inhaled toxicants, obtaining responses similar to the commercially available model EpiAirway. Also, the model can predict the value of LC50 in animals, which can drastically reduce their use in research. Conclusion: It is concluded that the 3D alveolar model developed can be a promising alternative to acute inhalation toxicity tests.Item Aproveitamento da casca e polpa de Baru (Dipteryx alata Vogel) no desenvolvimento de um protótipo de suplemento alimentar, enriquecido com selênio(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-06-28) Santos, Cláudia Maria Barbosa; Santiago, Raquel de Andrade Cardoso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0424807117498265; Conceição, Edemilson Cardoso da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7193007113950510; Santiago, Raquel de Andrade Cardoso; Nóbrega, Andréa Bezerra da; Morais, Carla Cristina deIntroduction. Baru is a plant typical of the Cerrado Biome, whose nutritional potential is little explored, especially in the case of bark and pulp. It is known that baru has a fibrous pulp, and despite the benefits it can provide such as, reduced food consumption by increasing satiety power and consequent reduction in waist hip ratio, control of arterial hypertension and improvement of intestinal functioning , 68% of the population has less fiber intake than recommended. For this reason your supplementation may be beneficial. In addition to fiber, another important nutrient for health is selenium, given its association with changes or malfunctioning of the digestive tract. Objective. Develop a prototype food supplement in sachets, from bark and pulp of baru, that meets the daily nutritional needs of fiber and selenium. Methods. The raw material was obtained and characterized. The microbiological quality, centesimal composition, evaluation of the accelerated stability study of bark pulp powder and baru pulp and the prototype of the supplement were evaluated. Results and discussion. The raw material was adequate for the quality parameters. With the addition of excipients the prototype remained stable, with respect to the microbiological profile, humidity, fibers, selenium and other parameters. Two sachets with 30 g of supplement provides an energy value of 67.40 kcal, 1.56 g of protein, 0.82 g of lipids, 13.44 g of carbohydrates, 9.42 g of fibers, 200.32 g of selenium, 24.20 mg of calcium, 144.90 μg of copper, 0.98 mg of iron, 0.018 mg of phosphorus, 9.86 mg of magnesium, 0.283 mg of manganese, 211.468 mg of potassium, 6.591 mg of sodium and 0.225 mg of zinc. The labeling of the prototype of the supplement may be attributed as: source of fibers, source and / or selenium-rich, source of copper and low sodium content. Conclusion. The elaborated formulation was able to meet the recommendations for food supplement in relation to dietary fiber and selenium, for the population group above 19 years of age, can be used for other food purposes and also contribute to the use of parts of the fruit that are discarded.