Mestrado em Agronomia (EA)
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Item Efeito do estresse hídrico no metabolismo de gabirobeira(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-03-21) Belo, Emiliane dos Santos; Silva, Samuel Mariano da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4333570201713380; Neto, Antônio Paulino da Costa; Neto, Antônio Paulino da Costa; Assunção, Hildeu Ferreira da; Paiva, RenatoAs respostas das plantas ao déficit hídrico são complexas, envolvendo mudanças adaptativas e/ou efeitos deletérios. Os danos causados por estresses às plantas podem ser reversíveis ou irreversíveis. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a tolerância da gabirobeira (Campomanesia spp) ao estresse hídrico e hipoxia de raízes durante 18 dias. Avaliou-se o conteúdo de matéria fresca, seca, água, AST, sacarose, amido, proteínas bruta, insolúvel, solúvel e aminoácidos de folhas e raízes, além dos parâmetros de crescimento como TCR, TCA, TAL, diâmetro do colo, comprimento e área de raízes. As gabirobeiras sob estresse hídrico apresentaram redução no conteúdo de água, prejuízos na produção de biomassa de folhas e raízes, redução no conteúdo de AST, amido e no conteúdo de aminoácidos. Sob hipoxia, exibiram prejuízos na alocação de fotossintatos da parte aérea para as raízes, e por isso armazenam grandes quantidades de amido, os maiores prejuízos ocorreram em raízes. As estratégias de sobrevivência ao estresse hídrico incluem a remobilização de carboidratos solúveis e de reserva da parte aérea para as raízes permitindo assim que as gabirobeiras escapassem da seca. Sob hipoxia o potencial hídrico das folhas foi sustentado com carboidratos solúveis oriundos da remobilização do amido, provavelmente também houve síntese e degradação de polipeptídeos e enzimas em raízes devido a mudança do metabolismo aeróbio para anaeróbio.Item Caracterização da estrutura genética de populações de Caryocar brasiliense Camb. no estado de Goiás utilizando marcadores moleculares microssatélites(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2005-08-25) Chaves, Sivany Rodrigues; Sibov, Sérgio Tadeu; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4627553641870284; Sibov, Sérgio Tadeu; Cruz, Aparecido Divino da; Chaves, Lázaro JoséThe species Caryocar brasiliense Camb. (pequizeiro) is a common tree fruitful in the Brazilian savannah (Cerrado) with great economic and social potential. The objective of this study goals the increase of information for an efficient breeding program for specie domestication and conservation. Eleven natural populations of “pequizeiro”, 30 individuals each, was sampled on five different regions of Goiás state. The genetics structure of these natural populations was analyzed based on variability at eight microsatellite loci in about 330 individuals. The number of alleles per locus it varied of 22 to 32 (mean = 28). The waited and observed heterozigosity varied of 0,843 to 0,920 and 0,546 to 0,758, respectively. Measures of genetic differentiation indicated significant differences between most populations (FST = 0,064 and RST = 0,439). RST values among samples were high and much higher than FST indicating a divergence between the model that consider alleles to be identical by descent, and the model of identity by state in these populations. Estimated number of migrants was high, Nm = 3,63 (mean), and the existence of private alleles indicated reduced gene flow and a consequently possible damage to the metapopulations structure. Significant correlation was not found between geographical distance and measure of genetic divergence, suggesting the intense gene flow in the past that joined the populations that are separated today.Item Detecção de estradas não pavimentadas com o uso de imagens orbitais de média resolução espacial.(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-08-29) Fernandes, Angelo Florentino; Griebeler, Nori Paulo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2953067359172793; Griebeler, Nori Paulo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2953067359172793; Jardim, Carlos Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2169892960432979; Silva, Valtercides Cavalcante da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6217069137951777Unpaved roads are essential for the municipal districts, mainly for those that have its economy based on the agricultural. However, not always the public power of these municipal districts has control on the amount and characteristics of the existent highways. These information are essential for the organizes of the net and maintenance of the highways of the municipal district, which are usually built without approaches of engineering that it increases the risk of degradation of those highways, what happen basic. It is of fundamental importance that the municipal district has it controls so much about the amount of not paved roads, as on the problems that eventually appear and they need solution. The present work had for objective to verify the adequate of the use of images of medium space resolution for identification of the mesh of not paved highways and recognition of features originated erosive of these. The work was accomplished tends as study object the microbasing of the river Chaves, in the municipal district of Morrinhos, GO. For the accomplishment of the work got up referring field data to not paved highways and erosions to its margins, using a receiving GPS. Images of sensor CCD of the satellite were used CBERS, referring to the months of April and September of 2007, and the software Spring, of the National Institute of Space Researches (INPE). In the study made use of the bands 2, 3 and 4, referring to the areas of the green, red and infra-red close of the spectrum electromagnetic. Vectorial data of the studied area obtained SIEG close to also used. The images were spatial coordinates, being defined the area of the study, being these analyzed band the band, by means of colored compositions. They were also accomplished analyses using supervised classification and filtrated for it enhances of borders. The obtained results showed that, the best form of extraction of that feature type is to manual and that, highways of reduced traverse section and of low volume of traffic they are not recognition passives, as well as features erosive of small load, in the bed, borders or in marginal areas to these. The artifices of digital processing with the use of filters and supervised classification didn't supply satisfactory results for the identification of those features. It was also verified that the production of map of erosion risk with the available scale for the place of the study, didn't present correlation adapted with the features lifted up erosive to field. It is concluded like this, that the use of images of medium space resolution for extraction of highways should be accompanied of field maps being able to not, however, to serve as support for neighborhood studies to these features.Item Isolados de rizóbios capturados por genótipos silvestres de feijoeiro: obtenção, morfologia e uso de fontes de carbono(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-02-28) Sampaio, Fernanda Bueno; Ferreira, Enderson Petrônio de Brito; Brasil, Eliana Paula Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7324619074753727; Leandro, Wilson Mozena; Ferreira, Luciana Domingues Bittencourt; Brasil, Eliana Paula FernandesThe bean is a legume widespread throughout the country and an important source of protein in human food. Inoculation of legumes with rhizobia able to perform biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), has been widely discussed, based on studies indicating its feasibility for use in agriculture, since the BNF decreases partly environmental liabilities generated by high consumption of nitrogen fertilizer. The use of wild bean genotypes seeks greater diversity of rhizobia for isolation and study of the ability of BNF, which may result in greater specificity for symbiotic bean crop. The objective was to obtain and characterize the morphology and on the use of carbon sources captured populations of rhizobia in wild bean genotypes, soil from the states of Goiás, Minas Gerais and Paraná. Soil samples were collected from six areas in the depth of 0-20 cm for conducting chemical and physical analyzes and an test was conducted in a greenhouse in pots of 3 liters sterilized with 11 wild bean genotypes to obtain the isolates. Were obtained 523 isolates of rhizobia and selected 231 isolates, 76 of Goiás, Minas Gerais 99, and 56 of Paraná. A total of seven species of bacteria as reference strains, three of the genus Rhizobium tropici (SEMIA 4077, SEMIA 4080 and SEMIA 4088), three of the genus Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli (BR266, BR351 and BR281) and one of the genus Rhizobium multihospitium (R82), for comparison with the data obtained. The isolates were characterized morphologically and on the use of carbon sources. From the information similarity matrices were generated using Jaccard coefficient being generated for the states of Goiás, Minas Gerais and Paraná, similarity dendrograms by UPGMA clustering method, using the software NTSYS-pc, version 1.8. The 523 isolates were obtained from nodules of wild bean genotypes with the predominance of isolates that acidify the culture medium and fast growth, and the solos from Araucária and Prudentópolis produce greater amount of mucus that of Jussara, Nova Veneza, Uberlândia and Unaí. The rhizobia isolates obtained from soils of Goiás and Minas Gerais exhibit greater phenotypic diversity than those from soils of Paraná. Usage analysis of carbon sources revealed that rhizobia isolates obtained from soils of Goiás have higher metabolic diversity. Overall, the largest number of isolates grouped with the reference strains, especially with the inoculant strains used as the common bean (SEMIA 4080, SEMIA SEMIA 4088 and SEMIA 4077), indicating that these isolates have metabolic characteristics similar to these strains.Item Polimorfismo e expressão de genes de celulose sintase em eucalyptus(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2007) Trigueiro, Elaine Lima; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0840926305216925Cellulose is one of the most important and the most abundant biopolymer on the planet, playing a key role on the evolutionary history of plants. Important advances have been made in recent years, in particular on the identification of genes and co- expressed genes for the formation of cellulose in the primary and secondary cellular walls of plants. In addition to its biological relevance, cellulose has a great economic importance, not only in Brazil but in the world, especially due to the production of cellulose and paper from Eucalyptus. The high levels of production and competition in the international market are guaranteed by great investments, which are carried through by the forestal sector, in particular by the Genolyptus Project – Brazilian Network for Research on Eucalyptus Genome. This project is the result of a collective effort of companies involved on the production of cellulose and paper and various public research institutions. Their main goal is to identify and characterize genes involved in wood formation with the intent to genetically improve Eucalyptus. Based on this goal, this work was developed with two objectives. The first is doing a preliminary characterization of the cellulose synthase gene in Eucalyptus, which is associated with the synthesis of the secondary cellular wall and is orthologous to the gene EgCeA2, of E. grandis. The second objective is to study the linkage disequilibrium in another gene of cellulose synthase, orthologous to the EgCesA3 gene, sampled from a wild population of E. urophylla. Regarding the CesA2 gene, an exonic region with 427bp was sequenced from DNA samples of 12 individuals from different species and geographic regions. The next step was to proceed with an analysis to detect polymorphism which gave an estimate of three SNPs synonymous along the contig, with an estimated π = 0.00212 diversity index. A clone containing the CesA2 gene was identified through a selection from a BAC library generated in the scope of the Genolyptus Project. This clone gives the prospect for the development of a minute characterization of this gene structure in Eucalyptus. Additionally, concerning the CesA3 gene, the sequencing of 32 individuals allowed for the formation of a 770bp contig with a π = 0.00185 diversity index and detection of nine polymorphic loci distributed in intron and exon regions and at the 3’-UTR of the gene. The analysis of the extension of linkage disequilibrium in the CesA3 gene suggests that SNPs tend to be in strong linkage disequilibrium at a distance of approximately 600bp. The knowledge of the position of the SNPs in the genes CesA2 and CesA3 makes possible the use of these markers in future studies of genetic mapping. The lack of non-synonymous SNPs in exon regions ensures that cellulose is in fact a very important polymer for plant survival. Hence its synthesis machinery presents highly conserved characteristics and so mutations in regions with effective transcription tend mostly to be deleterious and therefore would not be fixed. Moreover, the analysis of CesA gene expression in different species of Eucalyptus, was made from two boardings: “Digital Differential Display”, from different libraries of ESTs and microarrays, optimized in the scope of the Genolyptus project. The analysis with data of microarrays showed less sensible in the detention of the distinguishing expression, probably had to the calls “crossed relations”.Item Composição e produtividade do milheto em três densidades de semeadura e duas alturas de corte(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-10-10) Trindade, Josilene da Silva; Banys, Vera Lúcia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0086763325318228; Dias, Fernando José dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4403222331437374; Saenz, Edgar Alain Collao; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6136194482996787; Saenz, Edgar Alain Collao; Dias, Márcia; Paiva, Luisa MelvilleTo evaluate the chemical composition and production of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.)) at different sowing densities and managed under different cutting heights, a field trial was carried out at Santa Rosa do Rochedo farm of Universidade Federal de Goiás Campus Jatai, from March to July (second-season) after soybean harvest. A completely randomized block experimental design in factorial arrangement (3x2) with three sowing densities (10, 15 and 20 kg.ha-¹) and two cutting heights (50 and 70 cm) was used. Data were analyzed with SAS® v.9.2 program (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) considering density effect and block in the plot and height in the subplot. Tukey test at 5% probability was used for mean comparison. The sowing density affected (P<0.05) CP percentage (13.98, 13.07 and 12.73 for 10, 15 and 20 kg.ha-¹ densities respectively). The cutting height influenced (P <0.05) chemical composition and production when compared one cut of each height, lower values of NDF (60,3%), ADF (35,7%) and higher levels of MM (8,8) and NFC (15,5%) were observed at 50 cm height cut. There were no effect (P> 0.05) of sowing density and cutting height on total yield during the experimental period. Due the better nutritional quality with longer period of pasture utilization and lower deployment cost, the use of pearl millet for grazing in the southwestern Goiás is feasible at sowing density of 10 kg.ha-¹ and height cut of 50 cm.