Doutorado em Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas (EA)
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Navegando Doutorado em Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas (EA) por Por Orientador "Pereira, Helton Santos"
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Item Seleção de genótipos e mapeamento de QTLs para resistência à murcha de fusário em feijão carioca(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-10-07) Cavalheiro, Sâmela Beutinger; Pereira, Helton Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0729719587905292; Pereira, Helton Santos; Torga, Paula Pereira; Ishikawa, Francine Hiromi; Vianello, Rosana Pereira; Brondani, CláudioFusarium wilt, caused by the soil fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, is a disease of great importance in the bean crop (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Chemical control is not efficient and the use of resistant cultivars, within an integrated management strategy, is the most efficient way to control this disease. However, there is little information about the genetic control of the Fusarium wilt reaction and few carioca bean cultivars with satisfactory resistance level. Thus, three studies were carried out, with the objectives of: identifying parents and segregating populations of carioca beans with resistance to Fusarium wilt and other important characters; estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters and select carioca bean lines with resistance to fusarium wilt, high yield and mass of 100 grains and good visual appearance of grains; to study genetic control and identify molecular markers linked to QTLs that control the reaction to Fusarium wilt in the carioca bean cultivar BRS Notável. All evaluations were carried out in Santo Antônio de Goiás-GO, in the winter crop (sowing in May), in an area with high pathogen infestation, with central pivot irrigation. In the first study, 21 populations obtained from crosses in a complete diallel scheme between seven parents with grain carioca and some degree of resistance to Fusarium wilt were evaluated, together with two controls. Populations were evaluated in the F3, F4 and F5 generations, in 2012, 2013 and 2014, in a randomized block design, with three replications. The reaction to Fusarium wilt was evaluated using a grading scale, in addition to yield and mass of 100 grains. There were significant differences between populations for all traits evaluated. Additive and non-additive effects were important for Fusarium wilt reaction, yield and 100 grain mass. Cultivar BRS Notável was the most promising parent to participate in new crosses, presenting estimates of general combining ability (gi) different from zero, favoring the increase in resistance to fusarium wilt (-0.51), yield (87.90) and mass of 100 grains (0.23). The populations BRS Notável / CNFC 15872, BRS Ametista / BRS Notável, BRS Notável / BRSMG Talismã and BRS Ametista / BRSMG Talismã were the most promising for obtaining lines. In the second study, 114 lines obtained from BRS Notável / BRS Ametista and BRS Notável / CNFC 15872 populations, selected for their high resistance to Fusarium wilt, yield and mass of 100 grains, were evaluated. The 114 lines and seven controls were evaluated in experiments in triple lattice design 11 x 11, in the years 2015 and 2016, for reaction to Fusarium wilt and visual grain analysis, both using a grading scale, in addition to yield and 100 grain mass. Analysis of variance and genetic and phenotypic parameters were estimated. Genetic variability was detected among lines for the four characters. The high estimates of heritability, above 63%, and of expected gain with direct selection indicated the possibility of obtaining genetic gains for each character alone (23.0% for fusarium wilt reaction, 12.3% for yield, 9.6% for mass of 100 grains and 10.5% for visual appearance of grains). The simultaneous selection of 24 lines (21%) for the four characters showed gains of 12.9% for reaction to Fusarium wilt, 5.6% for yield, 3.4% for mass of 100 grains and 6.1% for visual aspect of grain. Three lines stood out (CNFC 19126, CNFC 19205 and CNFC 19131), being superior to BRS Notável for all characters. In the third study, the genotyping of SNPs and SilicoDArT markers was carried out using the DArTseq technology in the F2 generation of a mapping population obtained from the cross between the cultivars of Mesoamerican origin BRS Notável (resistant), of carioca grain, and BRS Supremo (susceptible), with black grains. Seventy-three progenies were evaluated for reaction to Fusarium wilt, by means of a grading scale, in the years/generations 2018/F2:4 and 2019/F2:5, together with the parents and five controls, in a block design at the random, with three repetitions. Analysis of variance and genetic and phenotypic parameters were estimated. A genetic map with 463 markers was obtained, with a total length of 1598.6 cM and average distance between markers of 3.5 cM. The analysis of phenotypic data showed variability between progenies and possibility of success with selection, with high estimates of genetic variance, heritability (90.6%) and expected gain with selection (28.5%), based on the joint analysis. Three QTLs were identified explaining between 25.1 and 50.4% of the phenotypic variation, all on chromosome 7, one in each of the evaluated years/generations (FOP7.2NS/ 2018 and FOP7.3NS/ 2019) and another based on in the joint analysis (FOP7.1NS). These three QTLs intersected between their intervals, with high stability in different years/generations. Therefore, the inheritance of the reaction in cultivar BRS Notável is quantitative, with the presence of some genes with greater effect. The additive effect for QTL FOP7.1NS was -1.24, indicating increased resistance in the presence of the BRS Notável parent allele. The SNP marker “SNP_Chr07_28294499_M12143”, present in all QTLs, explained 44.8% of the variation based on the pooled analysis. This marker is indicated to obtain probes for further validation.Item Melhoramento genético para altos teores de ferro e zinco em feijoeiro-comum(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-03-30) Di Prado, Poliana Regina Carloni; Melo, Leonardo Cunha; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4763166D1; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4763166E8; Pereira, Helton Santos; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4766267Z4; Pereira, Helton Santos; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; Souza, Thiago Lívio Pessoa Oliveira; Rodrigues, Fabrício; Silva Filho, João Luiz daThe iron and zinc deficiency reaches millions of people worldwide, generating public health problems. One of the most viable alternatives to minimize this issue is the biofortification and the common bean stands out as a crop with wide potential to be biofortified. The objectives of this work were: i) to verify the importance of genetic (G), environmental (E) and G x E interaction effects for iron content (FeC) and zinc content (ZnC) in common bean grains and to identify the cultivars/lines that associate high potential for FeC, ZnC, protein content (PtC), yield and weight of 100 grains (W100); ii) to verify if exists genetic relation between these traits; iii) to obtain, evaluate and select promising common bean segregating populations for high FeC and ZnC, yield and W100; iv) to estimate parental general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability for FeC and ZnC, aiming the understanding of genetic control and the selection of parental lines; v) to estimate genetic parameters and to select lines for FeC, ZnC, yield and W100; vi) to validate microsatellites molecular markers (SSR), previously identified as linked to QTLs for FeC and ZnC in common bean, in breeding populations, with high mean. On the first study, to verify the importance of G x E interaction, 34 genotypes were evaluated at 19 environments, assessing the FeC, ZnC, PtC, yield and W100. Combined analyses of variance, adaptability and stability analyses by Nunes graphical method were performed, in addition to the estimation of genetic correlations between the traits. There were significant differences between genotypes for all traits. The environment and interaction effects were significant, and the environment represented the most of total variation, 63% (FeC) and 65% (ZnC), followed by G x E interaction effect, 18% (FeC) and 15% (ZnC). The cultivar BRS Sublime, with carioca grains type, combined high FeC, ZnC, PtC, yield and grains with commercial size, in addition to wide adaptability and stability. The genetic correlations between FeC x ZnC, FeC x PtC and ZnC x PtC were significant and positive, indicating, likely, the occurrence of pleiotropy or that some genes that control these traits are linked. It is concluded that, due to the great environmental effect influencing FeC and ZnC the evaluation trials of these traits should be performed in multiple environments. On the second study, 15 segregating populations were obtained and evaluated from crosses on complete diallel design between six parental lines selected for high FeC and ZnC. The populations were assessed at Santo Antônio de Goiás-GO, on winter/2012 (F2), winter/2013 (F3) and rainy/2013 (F4) seasons, and at Brasília-DF, on rainy/2013 (F4) season. The traits evaluated were FeC and ZnC, yield and W100. Significant differences were detected between the populations for all traits. Based on the combine analysis, for FeC additive effects were more important and the line G 2358 stood out by its high GCA (5.63). For ZnC, both additive and non additive effects were important, however no parental line showed significant GCA. The populations selected simultaneously for all four traits, based on combined analysis, were Porto Real x G 2358, BRSMG Majestoso x G 2358, BRS Requinte x BRSMG Majestoso, Porto Real x BRS Requinte and Porto Real x BRSMG Majestoso. The population BRS Requinte x G 2358 is indicated for extraction of lines with high FeC and ZnC. It is concluded that the parental G 2358 has great potential and must be used in new crosses to increase FeC in common bean grains. The population BRS Requinte x G 2358, that presented excellent performance for FeC and ZnC, and the population BRS Requinte x Porto Real, selected simultaneously for all traits, must follow on the breeding program for lines extraction. On the third step of this work, 116 lines of these two populations and five controls were assessed, in a triple lattice experimental design 11x11, at three environments and FeC, ZnC, yield and W100 were evaluated. Analyses of variance and the estimation of genetic parameters were performed. It was also performed the genotyping of the parental lines and lines of these populations with 20 SSR previously identified as linked to FeC and ZnC QTLs and, later, it was performed the single marker mapping analysis. Differences were identified between the lines at all environments for all traits. The estimates of heritability and expected gain from selection indicated the possibility of obtaining genetic gains for each trait individually. On simultaneous selection of lines for the four traits, based on combined analysis, the expected gains from selection of the best 24 lines were 4.7% for FeC, 2.8% for ZnC, 3.9% for yield and 0.9% for W100. Only the marker BM 154 was polymorphic and only on population BRS Requinte x Porto Real. The single marker mapping analysis showed association only between BM 154 and FeC, at one environment, explaining 14.5% of the phenotypic variation. It is concluded that there is possibility on selecting lines that combine desired phenotypes for the four traits of interest and that, likely, the QTLs linked to the tested markers are already fixed and that there is the presence of QTLs x environments interaction.Item Melhoramento de feijão preto para resistência à murcha de fusário: identificação de marcadores moleculares e seleção de populações segregantes e linhagens(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-12-10) Torres, Mário Henrique Rodrigues Mendes; Souza, Thiago Lívio Pessoa Oliveira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9650183308779143; Pereira, Helton Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0729719587905292; Pereira, Helton Santos; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; Melo, Leonardo Cunha; Vianello, Rosana Pereira; Bruzi, Adriano TeodoroFusarium wilt, caused by the fungus (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli) is one of the most important diseases affecting bean culture (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Among the methods of controlling this disease, genetic resistance is the most efficient. However, there is little information on the genetics of the fusarium wilt reaction (FOP). Three studies were carried out with the objectives of: i) selecting promising parents and the segregating populations for reaction to fusarium wilt, grain productivity and 100 grain mass; ii) estimate genetic parameters and select breeding lines resistant to fusarium wilt, with high productivity and greater mass of 100 grains; iii) check if there is a genetic relationship between these traits; iv) study genetic control and identify SNP molecular markers linked to QTLs for reaction to fusarium wilt in the bean cultivar BRS FP403. In the first study, 25 segregating populations obtained from crosses in the partial diallel scheme between two groups of the five parents were evaluated: group I with breeding lines resistant to fusarium wilt and group II with susceptible breeding lines, but with superior agronomic characteristics. The populations were evaluated in Santo Antônio de Goiás-GO in an area with natural infestation of the pathogen, in the winter / 2016 (generation F2), winter / 2017 (generation F3) and winter / 2018 (generation F4). The evaluated traits were the reaction to fusarium wilt, productivity and mass of 100 grains. Significant differences between populations were detected for all traits. The joint diallel analysis showed the existence of additive and non-additive effects, with a predominance of additive effects, for the three traits studied. The gi estimates revealed that the parents BRS Esplendor (-0.13) and CNFP 15207 (-0.76) are indicated to form populations with greater resistance to fusarium wilt. The CNFP breeding lines 15194 is indicated to form populations with greater resistance to fusarium wilt (-0.59) and greater mass of 100 grains (0.69). The cultivar BRS FP403 is indicated as the parents for increasing productivity (218) and mass of 100 grains (1.46). Among the susceptible parents, CNFP 11995 stood out for forming populations with high productivity and a mass of 100 grains, simultaneously. The populations BRS FP403 / CNFP 11995, CNFP 15194 / CNFP 11995 and CNFP 15194 / CNFP 11976 are the most promising for the extraction of superior breeding lines for the three traits simultaneously. In the second study, breeding lines from two populations were evaluated (BRS Esplendor / BRS Expedito and BRS Expedito / CNFP 15867), selected for their high resistance to fusarium wilt, high productivity and greater mass of 100 grains. Two experiments were conducted in the winter crops of 2015 and 2016, in Santo António de Goiás-GO, with 116 breeding lines from these two populations and five witnesses in a triple 11x11 latex experimental design, in an area infested with the pathogen. Reaction to fusarium wilt, yield and mass of 100 grains were evaluated. Analysis of variance and estimated genetic parameters were performed. Differences between lineages were identified in all environments for all traits. The estimates of heritability and expected gain with direct selection indicated the possibility of obtaining genetic gains for each traits in isolation. In the simultaneous selection of the breeding lines for the four traits, based on the joint analysis, the expected gains with the selection of the 31 best breeding lines were 22.1% for reaction to fusarium wilt, 6.6% for productivity and 7.7% for mass of 100 grains. Five breeding lines have high potential to be indicated as new cultivars, as they showed resistance to fusarium wilt, high productivity and a mass of 100 grains, being superior to the cultivars available on the market today. In the third study, genotyping of SNPs and SilicoDArT markers was performed using the DArTseq technology of a population mapping in the F2 generation obtained from the crossing between the cultivars BRS FP403 (resistant) x BRS Horizonte (susceptible). 165 progenies were obtained and evaluated in generations F2: 4 and F2:5, together with four controls. The experiments were installed in a 13x13 triple lattice design, in an area infested with the pathogen, in the winter/2016 (F2:4) and winter/2017 (F2:5) harvest in Santo Antônio de Goiás - GO. Evaluation of the reaction to fusarium wilt was performed. A genetic map was obtained comprising 702 markers with a total length of 3069 cM and an average distance between marks of 4.9 cM. The analysis of phenotypic data showed the presence of variability between the progenies and the possibility of success with the selection, with high estimates of genetic variance, heritability (90%) and expected gain with the selection (37%). Considering the two years and the joint analysis, 6 different QTLs were identified associated with the reaction to the fusarium wilt and there was an interaction between the QTLs and the years. Based on the joint analysis, four QTLs were identified on chromosomes 1, 2, 3 and 4, explaining from 5.8 to 40.5% of the variation, indicating that the inheritance of the reaction to fusarium wilt is complex. The QTL FOP2.3403H stood out for explaining the greater proportion of the phenotypic variation (40.5%) and being stable in the different years. The QTL FOP3.2403H explained 6.3% of the phenotypic variation and was also stable over the years. These markers have great potential for use in assisted selection.