Doutorado em Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas (EA)
URI Permanente para esta coleção
Navegar
Navegando Doutorado em Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas (EA) por Por Orientador "Telles, Mariana Pires de Campos"
Agora exibindo 1 - 6 de 6
Resultados por página
Opções de Ordenação
Item Estrutura genética e sistema de cruzamento em Eugenia dysenterica DC. (Mvrtaceae)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-03-28) Barbosa, Ana Clara de Oliveira Ferraz; Collevatti, Rosane Garcia; Telles, Mariana Pires de Campos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4648436798023532; Telles, Mariana Pires de Campos; Martins, Karina; Figueiredo, Lúcio Flávio de Alencar; Chaves, Lázaro José; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira GuedesThe genetic structure of a species corresponds to the amount of genetic variability and its distribution within and among local populations and individuals. The patterns of variability among individuals in a local population are highly dependent of mating system. The goal of this study was to evaluate the mating system, the diversity and genetic structure in populations of E. dysenterica in local and regional scale. The assessment of the mating system and the analysis of genetic structure at the local scale were performed in a population of Mimoso – GO and for the analysis of genetic structure at the regional scale were analyzed 23 natural populations of E. dysenterica derived from six Brazilian states (Goiás, Minas Gerais, Bahia, Mato Grosso, Tocantins and Piauí). For all studies seven polymorphic microsatellite loci were used. Considering the 20 families analyzed, the multilocus outcrossing rates (tm = 0.918) and single locus (ts = 0.797) were high and significant. From a total of 399 seeds evaluated, it was possible to determine the pollen donor to 218 seeds (55%) with confidence level of 90%, 174 seeds (44%) with confidence level of 95% and 65 seeds (16%) with confidence level of 99%. In 15 families evaluated were possible to verify the occurrence of multiple paternity, with the number of pollen donor per fruit ranged from one to three. The results presented show that the species E. dysenterica presents mixed mating system and that there is multiple paternity in this species. The intrapopulational spatial genetic structure was positive (R2 = 0.01646, p < 0.001), which was expected since species generally have spatial restriction to disperse. The spatial genetic structure was significant (Sp = 0.0143) and genetic neighborhood (Nb) was equal to 69.93 km. On average, about 30 individuals were analyzed by subpopulation for all loci. The average number of alleles per locus was equal to 9, the genetic diversity was high (0.725) and the observed frequency of heterozygotes (Ho) was 0.610. Were found 18 private alleles in 10 subpopulations. The results for the fixation index ((f) in the subpopulations ranged between -0.058 and 0.338, with an overall value of 0.162, indicating excess of homozygotes in relation to the expected under HWE. The genetic differentiation between subpopulations can be considered relatively high (FST = 0.161). The Mantel test indicates that the genetic divergence of 24 subpopulations evaluated is structured in geographic space (r = 0.427, p < 0.001), suggesting that the model of isolation by distance or stepping-stone are adequate to explain the spatial pattern of genetic divergence among subpopulations of E. dysenterica evaluated.Item Diversificação e radiação recente de Stryphnodendron adstringens (Leguminosae) no cerrado: consequências genéticas frente às mudanças climáticas(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-09-27) Braga, Ramilla dos Santos; Telles, Mariana Pires de Campos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4648436798023532; Telles, Mariana Pires de Campos; Jardim, Tatianne Piza Ferrari Abreu; Chaves, Lázaro José; Lima, Jacqueline de Souza; Pinto, Rafael BarbosaThe species Stryphnodendron adstringens (barbatimão) is considered a valuable genetic resource of the Brazilian Cerrado, mainly due to its medicinal properties. It has been exploited in an extractive manner in its natural habitat, requiring studies of conservation and management plans. Species of this genus had recent diversification in the Cerrado, becoming interesting models for evaluating intraspecific genetic patterns in the biome. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the phylogeographic patterns of S. adstringens, in order to infer about the hypotheses of diversification of their lineages in time and space. Beyond to measure the impact of future climate changes on the geographic distribution of the genetic variation of this species. For this, the DNA polymorphism of chloroplastid (psbA-trnH and trnL-F) and nuclear (ETS) regions was quantified in individuals from 17 localities in the Cerrado. Haplotype and nucleotide diversity levels were evaluated to verify the population genetic differentiation. Coalescence analyses were performed to estimate historical demographic parameters and to identify divergence time among populations of S. adstringens. The environmental suitability of S. adstringens in the past, present and historical refuge was used to identify spatial patterns on population genetic diversity. Current and future genetic clusters were simulated from climatic scenarios. Low genetic diversity was found for cpDNA and ETS and the geographical distribution of haplotypes reflects an incomplete lineage sort. There are discordant patterns of interpopulation genetic differentiation between regions of the genome, with greater effect for cpDNA. Historical demographic equilibrium was evidenced for S. adstringens, contrary by ENM, indicating retraction of range. Most recent common ancestor was dated to 1.7 Ma ago, dividing into two main clades with most of the diversification events dating to the Middle Pleistocene. The spatial structure is stronger for ETS, suggesting the existence of isolation by distance and environmental isolation due to temperature variations. Populations closer to the edge of the historic refuge have greater genetic diversity that can be associated with multiple historical refuges and ecological transition from forest to savanna environments. Genetic clusters modeled under current and future climatic conditions, indicate losses and homogenization of genetic variation for the species. The data corroborate the recent population diversification of S. adstringens in the Cerrado, reinforcing the phylogenetic pattern in species of this genus. Beyond, low levels of genetic diversity, reflecting the effects of glacial and interglacial periods in the Pleistocene, suggesting multiple refuges formation. The impact of climate change and the disorderly exploitation of the natural populations of this genetic resource indicate the need for management and conservation plans of the species.Item Variabilidade genética e conservação de Stryphnodendron adstringens (leguminosae)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-23) Gonçalves, Ariany Rosa; Telles, Mariana Pires de Campos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4648436798023532; Telles, Mariana Pires de Campos; Chaves, Lázaro José; Soares, Thannya Nascimento; Pinto, Rafael Barbosa; Franceschinelli, Edivani VillaronBarbatimão (Stryphnodendron adstringens) is a Cerrado’s native tree that has multiple uses, especially medicinal. In view of its ethnobotanical and socioeconomic importance, it is pertinent that this genetic resource be characterized, in order to outline more effective strategies for its use and conservation. In this context, this work had the general objective of evaluating the magnitude and distribution of genetic variability among subpopulations of S. adstringens, aiming at the conservation of the species. The presence of genetic clusters and levels of genetic differentiation and gene flow were evaluated in order to test the hypothesis of isolation by distance (IBD). In addition, the influence of climatic components on the distribution of the genetic variability of barbatimão in future scenarios was tested. For this, nine microsatellite loci were genotyped with 605 individuals from 19 local populations in the Cerrado. Based on the results, it was found that barbatimão has a moderate genetic diversity ( e = 0.594) and a high genetic structure among the subpopulations ( ST = 0.165; p < 0.01), with low levels of inbreeding in most of the subpopulations ( IS = 0.029, p > 0.05). Clonality was detected in ten subpopulations, most frequently in the TERGO subpopulation, characterizing the mixed reproductive system of the species. It was found that geographic distance has a significant influence on the genetic differentiation of subpopulations, as in a model of isolation by distance (rm = 0.569, p < 0.01). Temperature, precipitation and altitude are components that influence the distribution of genetic variability, and consequent structuring, in S. adstringens (R²aju = 0.081, p <0.001). In addition, the simulations warned of changes in the composition of genetic groups in the face of climate change in the future. A genetic discontinuity was identified in the Araguaia River region, possibly isolating CHGMT from other subpopulations, which was corroborated by Bayesian analyses. Low gene flow rates were detected, with a reduction in the connection between subpopulations in the recent context, which were not able to neutralize the effects of genetic drift. There was evidence of a recent bottleneck in four subpopulations, which showed lower levels of genetic diversity. Based on the degree of irreplaceable, six priority subpopulations were indicated for the conservation in situ of barbatimão, or for the collection of seeds as a way to complement the ex situ conservation of S. adstringens genetic resources and guarantee the long-term genetic variability of the species.Item Estrutura genética, fluxo gênico e sistema reprodutivo de Anacardium occidentale L. do cerrado(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-11-22) Oliveira, Leciane Karita de; Collevatti, Rosane Garcia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9979596352166630; Telles, Mariana Pires de Campos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4648436798023532; Telles, Mariana Pires de Campos; Rodrigues, Flavia Melo; Almeida, Luciane Madureira de; Chaves, Lazaro José; Soares, Thannya NascimentoBecause constant degradation of the Cerrado the persistence of long-term populations in their natural habitat may be compromised, as a result of loss of genetic variability. To gene-rate useful information for the implementation of conservation programs in situ and ex situ to Anacardium occidentale L. ecotype from Cerrado, species popularly known as cajuzinho-do-campo. This work had the objective: evaluate, based on microsatellite markers, the ma-ting system, spatial pattern of gene flow intra-population, genetic structure of spontaneous populations and the germplasm collection of the Federal University of Goiás and the landsca-pe influence the genetic structure of populations. For the difference in scale and type of analysis of populations, the work was separated into three chapters. In the first, titled "Ma-ting system, space genetic structure and contemporary gene flow in Anacardium occidentale L ", analyzes were made to answer questions related to the reproductive system and evoluti-onary processes that occur within a population of the species, individuals were sampled three stages of life. As a result it was observed that the species has mating system predomi-nantly outcrossing, the difference between multilocus and single locus outcrossing rate was positive and significant, indicating 16.4% of outcrossing between related individuals. Only 0.05% of the seeds were from selfing. Was assigned paternity to 45% of the seeds. In all ma-trices multiple paternity was observed with 6.7 effective number of pollen donors in each matrix. The pollen pool received by matriz had significant difference (фFT = 0.124). The pol-len dispersal occurred in greater proportion to short distances (41 m), but may reach distan-ces greater than 130 m. The effective area of pollination was 9410 m2 and the effective size of the neighborhood of 18 individuals. The seed dispersal probably occurs at distances grea-ter than the sampled area, which limited the powers of parents of juvenile individuals. Found high genetic diversity within the populationwith reduction the values of adults for seeds and increased inbreeding. The adults showed high genetic neighborhood (262 individuals), re-sulting from weak spatial genetic structure. In the second chapter, titled "Diversity and gene-tic structure of spontaneous populations and germplasm collection of Anacardium occiden-tale L. ecotype from Cerrado", populations were analyzed distributed in the Cerrado to as-sess the genetic variability and its structure between populations, was also analyzed the germplasm collection as the variability and its representation compared to the population. Was observed that the populations have high genetic variability and significant inbreeding. The geographical distribution of genetic diversity and allelic richness showed pattern central - peripheral. Genetic differentiation was weak and significant (RST = 0.095), with a pattern of isolation by distance. Populations with distance of up to 140 m are more similar than expec-ted by chance. There were no significant signs of genetic bottleneck. Individuals in the germ-plasm collection showed high genetic similarity, genetic differentiation was higher among offspring than between populations (θS = 184 and θP = 0.014, respectively). The variability of the collection is representative as the existing variability in spontaneous populations. Fi-nally, in the third chapter titled "Effects pattern of landscape on the variability and genetic structure of populations Anacardium occidentale L. ecotype from Cerrado", we analyzed the genetic structure at the landscape scale to Goiás state populations. Was observed that the main type of matrix around the populations are remaining natural vegetation and pasture, with great variation in the remaining percentage. There was a relationship between the change in allelic richness and remaining percentage of natural vegetation and predominant matrix around the populations in the lowest values were found when the predominant type of matrix is the pasture. Inbreeding was related to landscape when characterized for 2 km scale, where there was a higher inbreeding when the predominant type of matrix is the pas-ture. Due to anthropogenic changes in the landscape there was genetic discontinuity between eight pairs of populations. These results indicate that the fragmentation and change in land use are influencing the genetic variability and gene flow of populations.Item Variabilidade genética populacional em variedades botânicas de Hancornia speciosa Gomes (Apocynaceae): estratégias para conservação no cerrado(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-12-11) Rodrigues, Eduardo Borges; Collevatti, Rosane Garcia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9979596352166630; Telles, Mariana Pires de Campos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4648436798023532; Telles, Mariana Pires de Campos; Bertoni, Bianca Waléria; Almeida, Luciane Madureira de; Novaes, Carolina Ribeiro Diniz Boaventura; Chaves, Lázaro JoséDue to constant degradation, populations of plants in the Cerrado may be losing genetic variability, thereby them to stay in their natural habitat may be compromised. Aiming to generate useful genetic information for the implementation of conservation programs in situ and ex situ to Hancornia speciosa Gomes (mangabeira), this study aimed to evaluate the genetic structure of populations in H. speciosa occurring in the Cerrado, contributing to the knowledge genetic and spatial patterns related to geographic distribution and genetic differentiation between botanical varieties. In the first chapter it evaluated the magnitude of genetic diversity levels four botanical varieties of the species, and also the genetic divergence between them. As a result, it was observed that there is a high genetic diversity (He = 0.636), the assessed loci. The average values of genetic diversity observed heterozygosity, inbreeding coefficient intrapopulation and allelic richness were not significant, showing that there is no difference of these genetic parameters compared the botanical varieties of H. speciosa. And despite the variation between varieties to be significant (FCT = 0.027; p = 0.017) greater differentiation is between populations within varieties (FSC = 0.104; p <0.001) and in independent populations of varieties (FST = 0.131; p <0.001). The variety H. speciosa var. speciosa presents with the botanical variety genetically most divergent, then the variety H. speciosa var. cuyabensis. Phenotypic plasticity may be contributing to differentiate between botanical varieties. In the second chapter, the genetic variability within and among populations of H. speciosa throughout the Brazilian Cerrado was evaluated and, if there is spatial pattern of genetic variability on a regional scale, along the geographical distribution of the species. As a result, it was observed that populations have high genetic variability and significant inbreeding (f = 0.103) due crosses between unrelated individuals. The genetic differentiation between populations was moderate to high, but significant (θ = 0.126; RST = 0.253). The differentiation of populations occurred as a result of isolation by distance. Populations with distance up to 280m were more similar than expected by chance. There were significant signs of genetic bottleneck for some natural populations of mangabeira. In the third chapter, it was shown as conservation planning procedures can be used to establish optimal strategies of conservation in situ and ex situ of a single species, using H. speciosa, a species widely distributed in the Brazilian Cerrado, as a case study. Nine populations were selected as priorities for conservation in situ and another seven were considered ideals in addition to the genetic variability of the germplasm collection of the Universidade Federal de Goiás.Item Caracterização parcial e tamanho do genoma de Stryphnodendron adstringens (Leguminosae)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-01-25) Souza, Ueric José Borges de; Telles, Mariana Pires de Campos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4648436798023532; Telles, Mariana Pires de Campos; Borba, Tereza Cristina de Oliveira; Rodrigues, Flávia Melo; Taquary, Adriana Maria Antunes; Pinto, Rafael BarbosaUsing the massively parallel sequencing data generate from two individuals of the Stryphnodendron adstringens, it was possible to structure this thesis in two chapters. The first describes the assembly and annotation of the S. adstringens chloroplast genome and their comparison between species belonging to the mimosoid clade from Caesalpinoideae-Leguminosae subfamily. The second chapter describes the estimate genome size, assembly and annotation of repetitive elements and genes in the nuclear genome of the S. adstringens. Genomic libraries were sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. Approximately 10 million reads were filtered and used to assemble the chloroplast genome using a combination of de novo and reference-guided strategies. The complete chloroplast genome of S. adstringens was assembled in a single circular molecule containing 162,169 base pairs, contained 111 different genes, with 77 protein-coding genes, 30 transfer tRNA and 4 ribosomal rRNA. A total of 137 microsatellites and 42 repeats structures were identified, with the highest proportion in the LSC (Large Single Copy) region. The average nucleotide variability among the five chloroplast genomes of Mimosoid species was estimated to be 0.01771. The Ka/Ks ratio indicated positive selection for three genes analyzed, rps16, psbH and clpP. The comparison of the structural characteristics in chloroplast genome among Mimosoid species demonstrated that gene coding regions are highly conserved. The phylogenetic reconstruction based on 73 protein-coding genes indicated that the Leguminosae- Caesalpinoideae subfamily was paraphyletic. The size of the nuclear genome of S. adstringens was estimated as 1C = 0.684 pg, which corresponds to a haploid genome of 669 Mpb. The nuclear genome was made of 63.320 contigs with a total size of approximately 495 Mbp. A total of 20.124 microsatellite regions were identified in the nuclear genome, with AT/TA repeats being the most frequent (44.16%). It was possible to identify that 44.58% of the nuclear genome of S. adstringens is composed of transposable elements. The most common class were retroelements, among these, the long terminal repeats (LTR) the most abundant family. 31,636 genes and 95,811 transcripts were predicted with an average of 3.03 per gene. From the total number of predicted transcripts, 60,798 were classified functionally, according to Gene Ontology. Around 1,521 transcripts (1.58%) were similar with protein sequences involved in the tannin biosynthesis pathways. This work represents a great advance in the knowledge on the structure and organization of the nuclear and chloroplast genomes of S. adstringens. In addition, the results obtained provide genomic resources for future genetic and biotechnological investigations on the species.