Mestrado em Zootecnia (EVZ)
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Item Efeitos do armazenamento nos parâmetros físicoquímicos e resistência à Salmonella Enteritidis em ovos de ema (Rhea americana)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-02-12) Cervi, Renato Clini; Araújo, Luciana Batalha de Miranda; Rezende, Cíntia Silvia Minafra e; Café, Marcos Barcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158; Café, Marcos Barcellos; Bailão, Alexandre Mello; Andrade, Maria AuxiliadoraThe egg is an animal product with excellent nutritional value used in human food. The Ema (Rhea americana) is an animal of the Brazilian wildlife with potential to produce eggs that differ from other species in its microbiological resistance and percentages of nutrients. In order to obtain information about the chemical composition, resistance to Salmonella Enteritidis, and appropriate forms of storage for preservation of quality, were evaluated five lots of eggs from emus to assess quality in periods of seven , 14 , 21, 28 and 35 days of storage at refrigeration temperature , and three lots on 10 , 20 and 30 days to contamination of Salmonella Enteritidis. According to the results, it can be concluded that the internal quality changes with storage time, remaining viable up to 21 days of storage. The fractions of the egg change with protein degradation, and significant reduction in quality values, expressed in Haugh Unit. The eggs had high resistance to contamination by salmonella Enteritidis in all storage periods. Protein fractions of white and yolk and rheological parameters show differences from chicken egg, providing information to appropriate use of these products by the industry.Item Substituição do cloreto de colina por uma fonte vegetal de colina em dietas de frangos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-03-02) Dias, Allan Gabriel Ferreira; Stringhini, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289; Santin, Ana Paula Iglesias; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2059115299287800; Café, Marcos Barcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158; Café, Marcos Barcellos; Mascarenhas, Alessandra Gimenez; Lucca, Érica Crosara Ladir deThe aim of this study was to assess a vegetal source of choline as a replacement of choline chloride and its effects in the animal performance, metabolism and yield of broilers’ carcass. 1120 one day old male Cobb were used, distributed in four treatments with eight repetitions of 35 birds per unit. The treatments were: 1 - control (choline in the form of choline chloride 60%), 2 – 75% of choline chloride and 25% of vegetal choline (Choline-H) as a source of choline, 3 – 50% of choline chloride and 50% of vegetal choline (Choline-H) as a source of choline, and 4 – 100% of vegetal choline (Choline-H) as a source of choline. The animals’ performance was evaluated (weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion, viability and uniformity), carcass and cuts yield, feathering patterns, serum biochemical profile, liver and locomotor system health, chest muscular anomalies, and zones of growth of the proximal epiphysis of the broilers’ tibias. There were no significant differences in the evaluation of broilers’ performance (weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion, and viability) in none of the assessed phases (7, 21, 35 and 42 days). The treatment with 100% of vegetal choline provided greater uniformity of the broilers after 35 days to the carcass yield and the percentage of organs also showed no statistical differences. In the feathering score analysis, no difference was found. However, in the percentage of feathers, the treatment combining the two sources of choline had higher percentage of feathers. For the histopathological analysis and the evaluation of locomotor problems, there were no significant differences between treatments. In the serum biochemical analysis, the treatment using only vegetal choline lowered the levels of LDL and cholesterol in 21 days and of LDL in 42 days, not showing any other significant differences to the other assessed parameters (AF, GGT and AST enzymes, triglycerides, HDL and VLDL). It was concluded that the vegetal source of choline can replace choline chloride as a whole in the diet of broilers, without loss of performance and lowering the levels of circulating LDL.Item Avaliação do efeito de variáveis produtivas na conversão alimentar de frangos de corte(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-03-27) Lupatini, Flaviana; Stringhini, Jose Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289; Café, Marcos Barcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158; Arnhold, Emmanuel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7156945506134934; Café, Marcos Barcellos; França, José Maurício; Carvalho, Fabyola Barros deThe feed conversion is one of the more indexes monitored by poultry agroindustry, in order to keep their production costs within bounds economically viable. The present study was conducted in order to identify which variables productive have the greatest impact on feed conversion of broilers. Was used production data of poultry agroindustry in the central-west of Brazil. The field results were collected from January 2012 to September 2013, a total of 2,978 broilers flocks. The sample is composed of lots of commercial strains Cobb and Hubbard, not sexed. Was made analysis of variance with Tukey Test (P> 0.05), and analysis of variance in mixed model for the following qualitatives variables: year period, commercial strains, hatchery, incubator type, type of poultry house, homogeneity of flock weight at birth. The correlation and regression polynomial for the following quantitative variables: birth weight, weight to 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 days, weight slaughter, slaughter age, mortality, average daily gain and time interval between flocks on the field. Statistical analysis was made through the statistical program R. The sum of squares in the mixed model, the variables that presented the greatest impact on feed conversion were: period of the year with 39.90%, type of poultry house with 35.70% and lineage with 17.80%. Between quantitative variables that had a greater correlation with the feed conversion ratio is the average daily gain,-0.57 (P < 0.01). Each gram in average daily gain results in nine grams in feed conversion. Flocks that showed lower mortality rate, showed greater correlation between average daily gain and feed conversion. Thus, in the present study, the variables that presented the greatest impact on feed conversion were: average daily gain and period of the year.Item Utilização de grãos de milho secos por destilação com solúveis em dietas para frangos de corte(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-02-27) Oliveira, Natiele Ferraz de; Stringhini, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289; Santos, Fabiana Ramos dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8407012741007007; Café, Marcos Barcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158; Café, Marcos Barcellos; Laboissière, Michele; Freitas Neto, Marcondes Dias deThe objective of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of distiller dried grains with soluble (DDGS) in place of soybean meal over zootechnical performance, and the addition of an enzymatic complex composed of amylase, xylanase and protease (AXP) on the metabolizability of nutrients for broilers. Two experiments with birds from the Cobb 500® lineage were conducted. In the first experiment, for the determination of carcass performance and yield and cuts, 600 one-day-old cutting chicks were housed, distributed in a completely randomized design, composed of four treatments (0, 10, 20 and 30% of soybean meal replacement by DDGS) and 10 replicates, containing 15 birds per experimental unit. At the end of the experiment (42 days), a bird per repetition, representing the average of boxing, was slaughtered to evaluate the parameters related to carcass yield and cuts. The data obtained were submitted to variance analysis (ANOVA) and F test. No significant differences were observed (p>0.05) between treatments for carcass performance and performance variables and cuts performed in a bird of each experimental unit at 42 days of age. In the second experiment to determine the metabolizability coefficients of nutrients, the method of total collection of excretes of 108 cutting chicks housed in galvanized steel cages, distributed in a completely randomized design, submitted to treatments: T1 - Reference feed, T2 - Reference feed (60%) + DDGS (40%) without enzyme, T3 - Reference ration (60%) + DDGS (40%) with enzyme and six replications, containing six birds per experimental unit. The data obtained were submitted to variance analysis (ANOVA) and F test. No significant differences were observed (p>0.05) for the metabolizability coefficients of dry matter, protein, crude energy, and also for apparent metabolizable energy and apparent metabolizable energy corrected with the inclusion of the enzymatic complex. It was observed that the addition of DDGS partially replaced soybean meal without affecting the parameters of performance and carcass yield. The use of enzymatic complex in the feed associated with DDGS does not influence the metabolizability of nutrients.Item Complexos enzimáticos em rações para frangos de corte(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-03-17) Santos Neto, Lindolfo Dorcino dos; Carvalho, Fabyola Barros de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4936451314440305; Stringhini, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289; Café, Marcos Barcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158; Café, Marcos Barcellos; Laboissière, Michele; Leandro, Nadja Susana MogycaThe objective of study was to evaluate the combination of different enzyme complexes on animal performance, digestibility nutrient based on corn and soybean meal and on the biochemical characteristics of these complexes. The first experiment was used randomized design with 7 treatments and 6 replicates, 30 birds per repetition, a total of 1,260 birds a day old. The treatments were treatment 1: Basal diet; Treatment 2: Basal diet with addition of complex A (phytase, protease, xylanase, beta-glucanase, cellulase, amylase, pectinase) + B complex (protease and cellulase); Treatment 3: Basal diet with addition of complex A + complex B + enzyme (α-galactosidase); Treatment 4: Basal diet with addition of complex A + α-galactosidase; Treatment 5: Basal diet with addition of complex C (xylanase, amylase, protease) + Phytase B and α-galactosidase; Treatment 6: Basal diet with addition of complex C + Phytase C + α-galactosidase; Treatment 7: Basal diet with addition of complex C + Phytase D + α-galactosidase. The performance characteristics and carcass yield and statistical analysis were evaluated with the R software using the Tukey test at 5% probability. The treatments 3 and 5 improvement in the average final weight, weight gain and feed conversion (p <0.05) at seven days of age and the average final weight and gain weight at 14 days of age. There were no significant differences (p> 0.05) in the other stages between the groups and the carcass yield and cuts made in two birds from each experimental unit at 42 days old.The second experiment used 112 birds with 25 days of age, being held the total collection of excreta from 28 to 32 days old. It used the same treatments in the first experiment. Nitrogen analysis was performed, ether extract, crude energy and dry matter. From these data was performed to analyze statistically the R software using the Tukey test at 5% probability. No significant differences were observed (p> 0.05) for the CMMS, CMN, EMAn, BN with the inclusion of enzyme complexes, as for CMEE significant differences (p <0.05), demonstrating the treatments 2 and 4 with greater efficiency in metabolizing ether extract. The third experiment analyzed the samples of each product used in In Vivo experiments were carried out a number of enzymatic assays. These data was performed to analyze statistically the R software using the Tukey test at 5% probability. There were statistically significant differences (p <0.05) for the total protein assay, reducing sugar and β-1,3-glucanase assays, xylanase, CMCase, FPase, amylase, pectinase, acid phosphatase and protease. The complexes A, B, C and the enzyme α – gal shown in most of these assays described the specific and higher enzymatic activity, these results that can be related to the performance results found in the 1 at 7 and 1 at 14 days.Item Ganho de peso compensatório em diferentes fases na criação do frango de corte(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-05-18) Teodoro, Janaina Correia; Mascarenhas, Alessandra Gimenez; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9082632592936909; Leandro, Nadja Susana Mogyca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3136809931691012; Café, Marcos Barcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158; Café, Marcos Barcellos; Carvalho, Fabyola Barros de; Peron, Hugo Jayme Mathias Coelho; Mascarenhas, Alessandra GimenezThis experimental trial was designed with the objective of evaluating a possible compensatory weight gain in broilers at different ages submitted to a quantitative food restriction program. Fully randomized experimental design (DIC), with 5 treatments and 7 repetitions with 32 birds per repetition, totaling 35 experimental plots, totaling 1,120 birds. The treatments consisted of quantitative food restriction of 20% of the expected weekly consumption of the cobb table, separated by week: treatment with food restriction in the second week, treatment with food restriction in the third week, treatment with restriction in the fourth week, treatment with restriction in the fifth week, sixth week with free feeding for all treatments and control treatment without restriction. The collected data were submitted to ANOVA and were evaluated by contrast. In the weekly performance the feed consumption was always low in the treatment of the week restriction when compared to the control treatment, in consequence, the average weight was also lower in the same week, and the conversion was always higher in the week of the restriction. At 42 days, these differences were not observed, suggesting that there was weight recovery, that is, the broiler chicken with a 20% restriction managed to show compensatory weight gain. For organs and tissues, there was a significant difference between treatments in the relative weight for gastrointestinal tract and large intestine, presenting a lower index in the week that the birds went through food restriction. As for intestinal histomorphometry, in general, villus height and crypt depth were higher in treatments that underwent food restriction, since the intestinal epithelium of birds is constantly renewed by mechanisms of intestinal muscosa repair, which can be changed by agent nutrients, which makes them hyperplastic, with deeper crypt depth. For evaluation of woody chest degrees, there was a better result (reduced incidence) for the animals that underwent restriction in the second and fifth week. When examining the means of microscopic lesions of the pectoralis major muscle, a difference is observed only in adipose tissue. It was concluded that birds with a 20% restriction were able to regain weight and present compensatory weight gain. With regard to organs and tissues, there was a decrease in the weight of intestinal organs due to a decrease in peristaltic movements in the face of a period of restriction, requiring less from the intestine and, consequently, decreasing its relative weight. Likewise, the birds' organisms react to food restriction at the cellular level, increasing villus height and crypt depth as a mechanism to improve nutrient absorption and increase tissue repair. With regard to pectoral muscle changes, the restriction applied in this study was able to reduce the incidence of wooden breast.Item Níveis de energia metabolizável em dietas de frango de crescimento lento(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-05-06) Veríssimo, Saulo; Carvalho, Fabyola Barros de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4936451314440305; Café, Marcos Barcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158; Café, Marcos Barcellos; Carvalho, Fabyola Barros de; Leite, Paulo Ricardo de Sá da Costa; Assis, Saullo Diogo deThe aim was to evaluate four levels of metabolizable energy (ME) in the feed of Isa Label broilers, in the first phase on productive performance, carcass composition and energy metabolism. Two experiments were conducted. In triaI I, 240 male and 240 females of the Isa Label lineage, naked neck, were fed with diets containing different levels of ME (2,725, 2,850, 2,975 and 3,100 kcal / kg). The design used was completely randomized in a 4x2 factorial scheme, the treatments was four levels of ME in the initial diet (up to 28 days) combined with two sexes, with six repetitions per treatment, of 20 birds. In the growth phase (29 to 56 days of age) all birds received the same fed. Carcass yield and performance were evaluated. A metabolism trail was carried out with total collection of excreta from 17 to 21 days, with 160 male and 160 females. The design used was completely randomized in a 4x2 factorial scheme, as well as in the first trail, with eight replicates of 10 birds each. The data were submitted to analysis of variance. Polynomial regression analysis was used to study the levels of metabolizable energy in the diet, using the SAS Statistical program. In the phase from 1 to 7 days of age, there was a difference between sexes for feed conversion. At 21 and 28 days there was a difference between sexes for live weight, weight gain and feed consumption. At 28 days there was a quadratic regression effect with a maximum point of 2915.22 for live weight and weight gain and negative linear regression for feed conversion. At 56 days of age, there was a difference between males and females for all variables analyzed and a quadratic regression effect for feed consumption with a minimum point of 2912.5, in addition to interaction between the factors studied (energy x sex) for feed conversion, females responded in a with quadratic regression with a maximum point of 2929.55, males responded in a linear regression. There was no significant regression effect for carcass and fine cuts at 56 days. There was a quadratic regression effect for nitrogen balance and nitrogen metabolizability coefficient, with a minimum point of 2912.5. There was a positive linear regression effect for ether extract balance and quadratic regression effect for the ether extract metabolizability coefficient with a maximum point of 2912.5. For the dry matter metabolizability coefficient, there was a positive linear regression effect. The variables apparent metabolizable energy and the metabolizable energy corrected by nitrogen presented positive linear regression effect. It is recommended to work with diets with levels of 2900-2930 kcal ME / kg, in initial diets from one to 28 days of age.