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Navegando Programa de Pós-graduação em Geografia por Por Orientador "Cabral, João Batista Pereira"
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Item Influência das variáveis ambientais na qualidade das águas do reservatório da Usina Hidrelétrica da Ferreira Gomes - Amapá(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-06-29) Belém, Fabiano Luís; Cabral, João Batista Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1914332507525986; Cabral, João Batista Pereira; Oliveira, Ivanilton José de; Rocha, Hudson Moraes; Bueno, Guilherme Taitson; Braga, Celso CarvalhoThe analytical approach to water quality is necessary not only for environmental studies but also for economic studies, since the development of the state of Amapá and the municipality of Ferreira Gomes, the region selected for this study, depends directly on this natural resource. However, it is noted that in the central region of the state, the problem of water quality increases due to the large amount of organic matter concentration in areas that are flooded and flooded during the construction of reservoirs, which causes vast amounts of concentration of carbon in the environment generate processes of water degradation. In addition, this problem is aggravated by the change in water quality in the reservoirs of the Araguari River, located downstream of the Ferreira Gomes Energia reservoir dam. Thus, the motivation of this work stems from this situation, which requires a continuous monitoring of the biota, so that there is no great damage to the environment and, consequently, to the quality of the water. Therefore, for the study of the direct contribution basin present in the reservoir, it is necessary to survey the various physical factors that may influence the water quality in the reservoir of the Ferreira Gomes HPP. From this, it was necessary to present the model of environmental vulnerability that presents the areas that are most likely if there are erosive processes. This work, therefore, had the objective of studying and analyzing the variables that influence the water quality of the aforementioned reservoir. To do so, the following methodology was adopted: (1) the delimitation of the study area and the mapping of this field work area to obtain a survey of its physical factors; (2) the construction of models of the entire catchment basin; and (3) the collection of water at various points in the reservoir, both for physical and chemical analysis in the laboratory, and for the analysis of the spectral behavior of each point, by means of the portable spectroradiometer. Thus, it was identified that 35% of the ombrophilous forest area was flooded with the reservoir construction. In addition, environmental vulnerability studies have shown that 15% of the direct contribution basin area is more likely to have erosive processes. Finally, in relation to water quality, the physico-chemical parameters classify the water body as class 1 according to CONAMA resolution 357 of 2005, due to the large amount of organic matter concentration in the water and the decomposition of the biomass that was flooded with the construction of the reservoir; the water has a dark coloration and contains a low concentration of suspended sediments, which presents a low correlation of the reflectance with the evaluated optically active components.Item Análise espaço-temporal dos processos hidrossedimentológicos e sedimentação no reservatório da UHE Caçu(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-12-20) Braga, Celso de Carvalho; Cabral, João Batista Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1914332507525986; Cabral, João Batista Pereira; Côrtes, João Batista Ramos; Rubin, Júlio Cezar Rubin de; Mariano, Zilda de Fátima; Oliveira, Ivanilton José deThe useful life of dam depends upon exclusively on the soil use model of a watershed and the amount of leavings and nutrients that are laid up in its riverbed, diminishing the useful volume of the dam. Due to the water crisis of the last decade, the studying of the amount and distributions of the leavings became imperative for the decision making process of preventive measures about the silting process as well as the electricity generation in Brazil. This research has the goal of evaluating the level of silting and the quality of the leavings on the Caçu power plant (UHE Caçu), located in the Goia's south east region, with the purpose of taking preventive measures against the silting process. To locate the main areas susceptible to the silting process, It was detected areas of greater and lesser levels of environmental fragility in the watershed of the dam, by using different kinds of parameters (soil, geology, geomorphology, rain density and vegetal cover). It was created a map with a varying levels of fragility as proposed by Ross (1994), describing and discussing the potential for contribution for the environmental degradation of the watershed. The results founded shows that the watershed has 75% of the area classified as low fragility, but, 25% of it classified as medium or high fragility, showing the necessity of planning and using conservational practices in the soil using model. The evaluation of the water data relied in six gathering of samples in the field, between the years of 2014 and 2017, divided in three gathering during the rainy season (January and February), and three gathering during the wet season (July and august), it was analyzed the concentration of suspended solid (CSS) founded in the epilimniun, the turbidity, and the transparency of the water through the Secchi disc (SEC). According to the analyzed data, there is a greater uniformity of data both CSS and TURB during the wet season and greater uniformity of SEC during the rainy season, highlighting the correlation between the variables CSS, SEC and TURB. To evaluate the depositional models that happens in the dam, it was analyzed the facies and deposition models to understand the process of sedimentation in the dam. IT was detected different kind of facies that differentiate from silt-clay to sandy material, providing depositional models from stream deposit, riverbed deposit facies and delta deposit facies. From the beginning of the dam until the the Cachoeirão stream and in the river mouth of the córrego Caçu, it was founded leavings from the deep with greater granulometry, representatives of stream deposit, in the river mouth of some tributary rivers, it was spotted representative delta deposit facies, and in the greatest part of the dam, the central part, representatives deposits of riverbed deposits. Qualitative analysis of leavings were made from heavy metals that were found as: lead, cadmium, mercury, copper, nickel, zinc. There was a high concentration of cadmium in all samples analyzed, according to the stipulated parameters from the CONAMA 454/2012 act, showing a great possibility of adverse effects on the biota. It was made a bathymetric data collection during the wet season between the years 2014 and 2016, with the goal of evaluating the silting process in the whole dam, the result showed a high level of silting of 0,3% during the period, the approximate dam volume is 245 hm3. If there were no changing in the soil use model and rainy levels in the watershed, it would take the dam more than 667 years to be silted completely. Nevertheless, the silting process in the backwater area is to worry about, due to the accentuated of depth, causing for instance, problems in the local navigation.Item Influência do uso da terra na qualidade da água em bacias hidrográficas com usos distintos, em Jataí-GO e Canápolis-MG(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-12-20) Lopes, Simone Marques Faria; Cabral, João Batista Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1914332507525986; Cabral, João Batista Pereira; Rubin, Julio Cezar Rubin de; Becegato, Valter Antônio; Zancopé, Márcio Herique De Campos; Mariano, Zilda De FátimaWe start from the hypothesis that the land use model existent in Paraíso-GO creek and Cerrado/Cadunga-MG stream river basins has been providing significant changes in the water quality of these streams, which receive sediments and nutrients from natural and anthropic factors. In this sense, the general aim of this research is to diagnose the water quality in relation to the model of land use and physical characteristics of the basins. The methods used followed the procedures of the American Public Health Association (APHA), CONAMA legislation nº 357/2005 (surface water) and ordinance of the Ministry of Health 2914/2011 (drinking water). When comparing the geological aspects of the two basins, it was verified that they are differentiated by the presence of the unconsolidated sands in the upper part of the Paraíso creek. Regarding the soils, both are distinguished by the presence of Cambisols in the Paraíso creek, and are similar in relation to the presence of soils with hydromorphic characteristics. Studies of land use between 2005 and 2015 demonstrated the gradual disappearance of the Cerrado biome, mainly in the Cerrado/Cadunga river basin. The watershed region of the Paraíso creek presented greater erosive potential in formation areas of the Vale do Rio do Peixe, as well as the Cerrado/Cadunga stream. Heavy metals contents in those soils identified at different sampling points reveal occasional contamination, mainly related to land use. In general, the sediment results of Cerrado/Cadunga stream showed that the distribution of elements has as main contribution the urban area and the discharge of urban and industrial effluents in the drainage network, and for the soils, agro-pastoral activities. For the Paraíso creek basin, the greatest influence was linked to agricultural activities, especially sugarcane. Out of the heavy metals found in both basins analyzed, what demands greater attention, both in sediments and in soils, is cadmium. Regarding the framing of water bodies, it was verified that the Paraíso creek and the Cerrado/Cadunga stream were included in all the sampling campaigns in classes III and IV of CONAMA Resolution nº 357/2005, since the variables Phosphorus, Cadmium and Cupper showed higher values than those established by the abovementioned Resolution. According to the classification of the water bodies of both basins, they can be used for human supply, after conventional or advanced treatment, to irrigation, amateur fishing, recreation and also animal watering. In this sense, it was concluded that the land use presented in both basins, due to the use of agrochemicals, poses significant risks to water quality, as well as the release of domestic and industrial effluents, since the basins evaluated presented changes in the same parameters evaluated.Item Caracterização hidrossedimentológica e estudo da qualidade dos sedimentos na bacia hidrográfica e lago da UHE Barra dos Coqueiros(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-05-17) Oliveira, Susy Ferreira; Cabral, João Batista Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1914332507525986; Cabral, João Batista Pereira; Santos, Fancismário Fereira dos; Lima, Claúdia Valéria de; Cherem, Luis Felipe Soares; Becegato, Valter AntônioBy building dams in a watercourse, the hydrosedimentometric dynamics of the water bodies changes. Due the reduction of transport energy, the particulate material transported starts being deposited, reducing the volume and the useful life of the reservoir. In order to take mitigating and preventive measures, it is necessary to diagnose the sectors with the greatest amount, volume and distribution of sediments in the area of influence. The general objective of this work was to evaluate the sedimentation stage, to detect the current depositional models and to evaluate the quality of the sediments, aiming at possible mitigation measures in relation to the sedimentation of the reservoir of the Barra dos Coqueiros hydropower plant, located on river Claro, between the municipalities of Caçu and Cachoeira Alta. In order to reach the proposed general objective, the physical characterization of the area of influence on the reservoir was carried out, from geological, geomorphological, slope, soil, climate, land use and vegetation cover aspects. And to determine the possible source areas related to erosive processes, the map of potential fragility and emergent fragility was generated. In order to understand the main sites of impact, hydrosedimentological studies were carried out through CSS, Turbidity and Water Transparency variables. The study of current depositional models was carried out from the study of facies. The quality of the sediments was evaluated by the heavy metals Cadmium, Nickel, Copper, Lead and Mercury. According to fragility analysis, 30% of the area is classified as medium and high fragility, demonstrating the need for planning and utilization of conservation practices in relation to the use and vegetation cover. By means of hydrosedimentological studies, it was noticed the reduction of CSS and Turbidity downstream, according to the velocity of water flow and depth analyzed in the bathymetric surveys, in which a reduction of 0.51% of the dead volume of the reservoir was observed. Depositional models that predominate are associated with silt/clayey facies for riverbed deposits, sandy facies for stream deposits and silt/clayey and sandy facies for delta deposits. Regarding sediment quality, it was verified that cadmium presented concentrations higher than the reference parameter determined for sediments by CONAMA Resolution 454/2012. In the soil, it was also verified that heavy metals were superior to the reference values of the resolution CONAMA 420/2009, that’s related to the natural formation of the soils and to the use and occupation of the earth.Item Influência da bacia hidrográfica nas análises limnológicas e espectrais das águas do reservatório salto do Rio Verdinho - GO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-05-25) Rocha, Isabel Rodrigues da; Cabral, João Batista Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1914332507525986; Cabral, João Batista Pereira; Nunes, Fabrizia Gioppo; Oliveira, Ivanilton José de; Carneiro, Vandervilson Alves; Pereira Filho, WaterlooThe development of mankind has always been connected to water resources. Currently, they have been more intensely exploited, especially in electrical power generation, through the opening of countless hydropower plants in Brazil from which many are found in the biome called Cerrado, due to its great water resources. From the need of studies on artificial reservoir once its made, the study on Salto do Rio Verdinho ́s river basin and waterpower plant ́s reservoir, located in the lower part of Verde river ́s river basin, close to Paranaíba river ́s downstream, tributary of Paraná river, was chosen. Verde river ́s flow is the verge of Caçu and Itarumã counties, in the south of Goiás state. Therefore, the main goal of this work is to comprehend the dynamics of usage and occupation of the river basin ́s lands and Salto do Rio Verdinho ́s waterpower plant relating to its water quality. With that in mind, the landscape was rated according to its physical features and the relation among its geology, soils, slope, geomorphology and remaining natural vegetation, based on the observation of the structural principle of the landscape, revealing that the environment of the river basin region belongs to Mesozoic era ́s geological formations, such as flattened relief and predominance of slope with very soft dissection between interfluves. Data on the changes in usage and occupation of the lands was possible through satellites images, where it was found that between 2005 and 2015, the main usage was pasture with 546 km2, the second, was areas intended to temporary cultures, with 237,4 km2. The analyses regarding the quality of the water from the reservoir, were made according to the resolution no 357 from 2005 of CONAMA, it was ranked as of very low quality due to its high percentage of nitrite and phosphorus. It was ranked as class 4. The variables: TDS and CE, Temp and TDS, Temp and CE, present significant correlations. The components optically active in the water (chlorophyll, concentration of suspended sediment, transparency and murkiness) that interfere in the electromagnetic spectra, present correlations with the measures of reflectance in the wavelength of 716 nm and 720 nm in January 2015, while the variables correlated better with the wavelength of 647 nm, 697 nm e 704 nm in February 2016, pointing that these wavelengths belong to the color red. The reflectance during the rainy months, January 2015 and February 2016, registered values between 0,04 and 0,23%, while in the dry season, July 2015 and August 2016, 0,03 and 0,14%. Generally speaking, that the research led to comprehend the current dynamics of the river basin environment and of the hydropower plant Salto do Rio Verdinho ́s reservoir, on their natural and man induced components that affect the water quality, thus, fulfilling the intended general aim.Item Análise da paisagem do sítio arqueológico GO-Ja-02, em Serranópolis-GO: caracterização e conservação(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-04-03) Souza, Mariana Garcia de; Rubin, Julio Cezar Rubin de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4595290910117337; Cabral, João Batista Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1914332507525986; Cabral, João Batista Pereira; Becegato, Valter Antonio; Lima, Cláudia Valéria deThe Site GO-Ja-02 is part of the Serranópolis archaeological site complex and was initially identified by Schmitz and his team between the 1970s and 1980s in the 20th century. This site, constituted by a sandstone shelter from the Botucatu Formation, is interspersed with basalt flows from the Serra Geral Formation. In this perception, the justification for this theme focuses on the fact that this shelter stands out for its almost continuous occupation and for its variability of archaeological materials such as rock records, other materials, aspects of regional geodiversity and burials. In this sense, the main objective of this dissertation is to characterize the local landscape, with the processes of the dynamics of the slope in which the Site GO-Ja-02 is inserted. The question that guides the study is: are there possible elements that pose risks to the conservation of the Site GO-Ja-02? This corpus is also analyzed from the geosite perspective, based on some criteria established by Brilha and by Gray. The methodology consists of three stages: office, field and laboratory, with satellite images, georeferenced data, photographs and soil collections. The results are divided into two moments: the first one concerns the interpretation of the elements present in the slope, focusing on the abitotic factors of the geomorphology, geology and types of soil present in the area, with emphasis on the physical-chemical analysis of the soil collections. The observed dynamics could be synthesized in a topographic profile that illustrates the relations among these elements. In the second moment, the landscape in approach is included within the debate on geodiversity and geoheritage, in which the GO-Ja-02 is also considered as a geosite. In this regard, the soil around is highlighted as a question of major importance, since erosion processes and soil loss were identified nearby the site, what points to possible risks for the conservation of the site.