Mestrado em Medicina Tropical e Saúde Pública (IPTSP)
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Navegando Mestrado em Medicina Tropical e Saúde Pública (IPTSP) por Por Orientador "Carneiro, Megmar Aparecida dos Santos"
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Item Investigação epidemiológica e molecular da infecção pelo vírus da hepatite C em assentados nos estados de Goiás e Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-02-25) Araújo, Lyriane Apolinário de; Carneiro, Megmar Aparecida dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8398563469665169; Carneiro, Megmar Aparecida dos Santos; Martins, Regina Maria Bringel; Aires, Rodrigo SebbaThe hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is considered one of the main causes of chronic liver disease, being responsible for great disease burden to the Health Systems Worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, there are approximately 150 million people chronically infected by the HCV in the world. There are only a few studies that have evaluated the HCV occurrence in people that live in settlements, and most of these families are composed by a large number of individuals that have little formal education, that live under poor environmental and sanitation conditions, beyond also usually have no access to adequate health care, due primarily to the difficulties in reaching the health service systems, but also because of the poor quality of the health services. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of HCV infection, to analyze the characteristics of the population associated with the infection and to identify the HCV genotypes/subtypes in individuals that live in settlements in the States of Goiás and Mato Grosso do Sul, Central Brazil. The population was consittued by 921 individuals. They were all interviewed and one blood (serum) sample from each person was collected. All sera samples were screened for anti-HCV using an Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). All ELISA positive samples were submitted to RNA extraction and tested by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). All PCR positive samples were further genotyped using the Line Probe Assay (LiPA). The mean age of the population was 39 years old, composed mainly by Caucasian married women, with a low level of formal education, and low family income. Of the 921 samples, four were anti-HCV positive, resulting in an overall prevalence of 0.43% (CI 95%: 0.14-1.19). The viral RNA was detected in all anti-HCV positive samples and the genotyping revealed the presence of the genotype 1, subtype 1a. The HCV infected individuals reported as risk caracteristics for HCV infection: sharing sharp personal hygiene objects, history of surgical intervention, blood transfusions before to 1993, sex without protection, history of sexually transmitted disease and imprisonment. This study showed a low prevalence of HCV infection in this population. This study showed a low prevalence of HCV infection in this population. However, epidemiological investigations are important to verify the circulation of the virus , especially in settled populations, which are often on the margins of public health services.Item Prevalência da infecção pelo vírus da hepatite C em hemodialisados no Estado do Tocantins(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-12-11) Cordeiro, Valéria Maciel; Carneiro, Megmar Aparecida dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8398563469665169; Carneiro, Megmar Aparecida dos Santos; : http://lattes.cnpq.br/8398563469665169; Martins, Regina Maria Bringel; Fiacadori, FabíolaThe infection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major public health problem that affects 130-150 million people, chronically, worldwide. HCV infection is highly prevalent among individuals with chronic reanl disease (CKD). The objectives of this study were estimate the prevalence of the infection with hepatitis C in hemodialysis patients of the State of Tocantins, analyze the risk factors associated with HCV infection and characterize circulating genotypes in this population. The study was conducted in 394 patients who were being treated in the hemodialysis centers of the State of Tocantins, from October 2014 to February 2015. The patients were interviewed, the questions were about sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors for HCV infection and blood samples were collected. All samples were tested for antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV) by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The anti-HCV reagents samples were submitted to the detection of viral RNA by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT_PCR) and genotyped by line probe assay method (LiPA). The prevalence of HCV infection in hemodialysis patients was 2.8% (95% CI: 1.47 to 5.09). The viral RNA was detected in two of the eleven anti-HCV positive samples and identified the genotype 1, subtype 1a in these samples. The treatment time of seropositive patients was on average 105.19 months, and the negatives of 61.23 months. In univariate analysis, prison records and history of sexually transmitted disease were significantly associated with HCV infection. After the multivariate analysis, only the history of STDs remained associated. The results of this study showed a significant reduction of HCV infection in hemodialysis centers of the State of Tocantins, but the prevalence that was found (2.8%) is almost double that seen in the general population of Brazil (1.38%). Therefore, control strategies and prevention of hepatitis C in hemodialysis patients are extremely important to prevent that infection in the sector of dialysis.Item Estudo epidemiológico e molecular da infecção pelo vírus da Hepatite C em indivíduos infectados pelo vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana em Goiânia-Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-03-30) Del-Rios, Nativa Helena Alves; Carneiro, Megmar Aparecida dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8398563469665169; Carneiro, Megmar Aparecida dos Santos; Martins, Regina Maria Bringel; Teles, Sheila AraújoThe hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are characterized by causing chronic infections in the host. The advent of potent antiretroviral therapy has resulted in a significant reduction in the incidence of opportunist infections, and thus greater life expectancy for HIV positive patients. However, the liver disease appears as a major cause of morbidity and mortality among these patients, especially those related to hepatitis C virus. Co-infection with HCV/HIV induces a worse prognosis for both infections, which may lead to the development of AIDS, a faster rapid evolution to chronic active hepatitis and / or liver cirrhosis and death. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology and molecular profile HCV infection in HIV-infected individuals with no prior antiretroviral therapy, seen in the referral hospital for the treatment of infectious diseases (Hospital for Tropical Diseases - Anuar Auad / HDT) in Goiania, Goiás. A total of 505 treatment naïve individuals and were referred to the HDT, from April 2009 to April 2010 were interviewed and underwent blood collection. All sera were tested for antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV) and for HCV RNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Genotyping was performed by reverse hybridization by the Line Probe Assay (LiPA) method. The prevalence of anti-HCV was 4.6% (95% CI: 3.0 to 6.8). The viral RNA was detected in 65.2% (15/23) of anti-HCV positive samples. The genotypes identified were 1 (subtypes 1a and 1b) and 3 (subtype 3a). The age > 40 years, living in other states or Goiania city, surgery, injecting and non-injecting drug and anti-HBc positive (antibody to core antigen of hepatitis B virus) were associated with HCV infection after logistic regression. The data presented shows the vulnerability of the HIV sropositive population to acquisition of infectious diseases such as HCV infection. Thus, the information obtained will be essential for planning public health interventions, preventing and control of hepatitis C in this population.Item Rastreamento sorológico da infecção pelo vírus da hepatite C em cortadores de cana-de-açúcar nos estados de Goiás e Paraíba(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-02-22) Oliveira, Brunna Rodrigues de; Carneiro, Megmar Aparecida dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8398563469665169; Carneiro, Megmar Aparecida dos Santos; Martins, Regina Maria Bringel; Teles, Sheila AraujoIntroduction: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major problem for a global public health, with about 71 million people chronically infected worldwide, being a major cause of cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma. The World Health Organization (WHO) set the goal of eliminating viral hepatitis as a public health problem by 2030. To do so, it is necessary to track infections in all populations. Sugarcane cutters are a population of seasonal workers, with difficulty to access to health services, which lack information on hepatitis C. Objective: This study aimed to perform the serological screening of hepatitis C virus infection in sugarcane cutters in Goiás and Paraíba. Methods: The population consisted of 937 sugar cane cutters, 636 in Goiás and 301 in Santa Rita-PB. All cutters were invited to participate in the study, and those who signed the consent form were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire. Then, blood samples were collected and screened for anti-HCV by rapid tests and ELISA. The data were analyzed in the statistical program SPSS version 17.0 for Windows. Results: The population was composed of males (100%), with a mean age of 35.4 years. Regarding schooling, 47.4% reported having up to four years of study and the monthly family income of 78.8% of the participants was less than 2,000.00 reais. After screening for anti-HCV by rapid test and ELISA, it was verified that no individual was exposed to HCV. The risk characteristics for potential viral spread reported by cane cutters were tattooing/piercing, sharing of personal use material, and use of non-injectable drugs. Rapid tests are highly sensitive to anti-HCV, so they are appropriate and feasible for hard-to-reach populations such as sugarcane cutters and other populations. Conclusion: The present study showed that there was no exposure to HCV in the sugarcane cutters of the regions of Goiás and Santa Rita-PB. To achieve WHO's goal of eliminating viral hepatitis as a public health problem, it is important that more research on HCV prevalence is conducted, especially in groups that have difficulty accessing the health system.Item Investigação do perfil soroepidemiológico da infecção pelo vírus da hepatite C em pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 em Goiânia- Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-04-10) Santos, lorena Santana de Mendonça; Carneiro, Megmar Aparecida dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8398563469665169; Carneiro, Megmar Aparecida dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8398563469665169; Fiaccadori, Fabiola Souza; Lopes, Carmem Luci RodriguesHepatitis C (HCV) virus is one of the major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide and 350,000 to 500,000 deaths occur each year related to the virus. Epidemiological studies suggest that chronic HCV infection may have implications in the genesis of some extra-hepatic diseases, among them diabetes mellitius type 2 (DM2). This study aimed to describe the epidemiological profile of HCV infection in DM 2 patients. All patients with DM2 that were followed up at the Hospital das Clinicas da Universidade Federal de Goias and Unidades de Atenção Básica Saúde da Familia in Goiania-GO were invited to take part in the research. 622 patients with DM 2 were recruited, of whom 17 refused to participate. Therefore, the population was composed of 605 individuals, being the casuistry enough to the design of the study according to the sample calculation. Individuals were interviewed and a blood sample was collected. Sera were tested for the detection of anti - HCV by third-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Positive samples for this marker were submitted for detection of viral RNA by Polymerase Chain Reaction post Reverse Transition (RT-PCR) and RNAHCV positive samples were genotyped by Line Probe Essay method (LIPA). The average age of the studied population was 62.1 years (SD = 11.3), female predominance and 78.4% have up to 9 years of study. Nine samples were positive for anti-HCV, resulting in a prevalence of 14.9% (95% CI: 0.73-2,9) for HCV infection in patients with DM2. Viral RNA was detected in four anti-HCV positive specimens and genotypes 1 (2/4) and 3 (2/4) were identified. In the multivariate analysis, blood transfusion before 1994 and the use of illicit drugs were associated with HCV infection. Male remained marginally associated (p = 0.06). Despite the global prevalence for HCV in patients with DM 2 in Goiania-GO have been similar to the one found in the population in general, more studies are needed to clarify the epidemiology of HCV infection in individuals with DM 2 and provide information which can support prevention measures and control of infection in this group of the population.Item Estudo soroepidemiológico da infecção pelo Vírus Linfotrópico de Células T Humanas - 1 em mulheres profissionais do sexo em Goiânia - Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-05-02) Souza, Dulce Helena Rebouças de; Teles, Sheila Araújo; Carneiro, Megmar Aparecida dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8398563469665169Lymphotropic virus human T cells 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus associated with the development of diseases such as T cell leukemia in adults (ATL) and tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) or HTLV-associated myelopathy (HAM/TSP). Transmission occurs by sexual routes, parenteral and vertical. Female sex workers (FSW) are a population vulnerable to parenteral and sexually transmitted infections since they have often risky behaviors including drug use and unprotected sex. The study aimed to investigate the seroepidemiological profile of HTLV-1 infection among a population of female sex workers in Goiânia city, using the Respondent driven Sampling methodology. A total of 402 FSWs were interviewed about demographic and risk characteristics for HTLV infection, between May 2009 and June 2010. Blood samples were collected from all females and screened by ELISA for detection of antibodies to HTLV-1/2. Positive samples were retested for confirmation by western blot and PCR, and characterized by sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. The mean age was 27.5 years (SD: 9.1 years). Most of FSWs (67.1%) were single, 47.3% had 10 a 12 years of formal education. One third of female sex workers reported illicit drug (34.1%), thought only (2.7%) used injection illicit drugs, 51.9% had more than seven sexual partners in the last week and 36.3% did not use condom with their steady sexual partners. Some women reported to recruit their clients in more than one type of venue, being nightclubs (41%), bars (27.7%) and streets (25%) predominant. Of the 402 samples screened by ELISA, three were positive and submitted to detection of DNA-HTLV for the tax, LTR and env regions. Only one was positive for HTLV-1, resulting in a prevalence of 0.2%. (CI 95%: 0.0-1.6). The virus isolate was classified as Transcontinental subgroup of the HTLV-1 Cosmopolitan subtype. These findings show a low endemicity for HTLV-1 infection in female sex workers in Goiânia-GO, however epidemiological studies of this infection are important to reinforce the need for prevention strategies based on the disclosure of the modes of transmission and status tracking serological the infected.