PRPG - Pró-reitoria de Pós-graduação

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Navegando PRPG - Pró-reitoria de Pós-graduação por Por Programa "Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais (PRPG)"

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    Doença de Chagas em comunidades rurais e/ou tradicionais do estado de Goiás, Brasil
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-12-15) Leite, Liziana de Sousa; Hora, Karla Emmanuela Ribeiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6451685640638572; Scalize, Paulo Sérgio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0957896448117207; Scalize , Paulo Sérgio; Dias, Alexandre Pessoa; Teixeira, Denilson
    Chagas disease (CD) is recognized by the World Health Organization as a Neglected Tropical Disease, related to poverty and socio-environmental vulnerability. Even though Brazil is part of the American continent where 18 countries managed to interrupt household vector transmission in part or all of its territory, it has been recording an increase in the number of cases, mainly in the Amazon region, related to oral transmission and extra-household vector transmission, resulting from work habits and activities characteristic of the rural environment. Furthermore, autochthonous species of triatomines have been discovered with high colonization potential, the existence of residual foci of T. infestans, the influence of deforestation and the proximity of habitations to the barbers' natural environments, as well as the presence of T. cruzi reservoir animals, as impactful causes in the domestic transmissibility cycle. The purpose of this research arose with the identification of chagasic individuals in rural and/or traditional communities in the state of Goiás, visited during the execution of the Rural Health and Sanitation Project (SanRural Project), in which the authors participated, developed by the Federal University of Goiás (UFG) in conjunction with the National Health Foundation (FUNASA), instigating the assessment of the housing conditions of these communities, which may promote the occurrence of CD. Thus, this research aimed to evaluate whether housing conditions in rural and/or traditional communities in the state of Goiás can influence the occurrence of Chagas disease. Through a systematic literature review (RSL), using as a basis the Periodical Portal of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), a discussion was held about the uses and concepts of the terms housing and habitability, proposing the definition of concepts of rural housing and rural habitability to guide understanding and define the study area of this research. Then, also through RSL, using the Scopus platform, a survey of predictive variables was carried out, which may influence the occurrence and spread of Chagas disease in a rural environment. Using the predictor variables raised and the data collected in the SanRural Project, a relationship was made between the occurrence of Chagas disease in rural and/or traditional communities in the state of Goiás with predictor variables characteristic of housing and the rural population residing in these communities. During visits to 48 quilombola, riverside communities and settlements, blood collections and semi-structured interviews were carried out, as well as observations of the environment. Serological investigation was carried out using the immunoenzymatic method and statistical analyzes using the logistic GAM model. A prevalence of 9.4% of people infected with T. cruzi was identified in 32 communities, with 7.0% of the population being settlers, 11.3% quilombolas and 1.5% riverside residents, finding a significant relationship between cases and: the typology of the community, number of residents up to one year of age, number of residents with a previous diagnosis of CD, structural material of the intra-domestic wall, storage of water for washing food in a fiber cement water tank, age of the person responsible for housing and resident-room ratio. The relationships found showed DC's resignation to conditions of vulnerable housing, education and sanitation services, presenting the importance of knowledge and health education, since the smaller number of resident rooms and the habit of using mosquito nets reduced the chance of, respectively, 50.0% and 70.0% of finding at least 1 (one) seropositive individual for T. cruzi randomly selected in the household. Since entomological surveillance must rely on the active participation of the population in notifying kissing bugs, as well as teams of research and health technicians, to seek control of CD, this research aims to contribute to the National Chagas Disease Control Program from the Ministry of Health, presenting the rural reality and drawing attention to the inherent existence of housing conditions, behaviors/habits and lack of knowledge of the rural population about Chagas disease, and the risk of its spread. Furthermore, it aims to assist and encourage new research in the areas of health, sanitation and multidisciplinary areas, focused on rural reality and the various realities concerning Chagas disease.
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    Hortas escolares urbanas: da produção de alimentos ao ensino da sustentabilidade ambiental
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-10-26) Melo, Tálita Nogueira Gonzaga; Hora, Karla Emmanuela Ribeiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6451685640638572; Hora, Karla Emmanuela Ribeiro; Echeverria, Agustina Rosa; Leandro, Wilson Mozena
    The urban and peri-urban practice has been strengthened in multiples spaces of the cities, through multiple entry points, which range from self-consumption and food supplementation, alternative employment and income for vulnerable groups, solutions for environmentally resilient cities, to an opportunity to practice social and environmental education activities. Considering this last aspect, the theme of this research is the study of the use of urban school gardens as a pedagogical tool for environmental sustainability, integrated with the provision of healthy food in school environments and the challenges of the practice itself. Starting from the question of how urban school gardens are effective, we sought to discuss how they are appropriate in the teaching-learning activities about the environmental issues, analyzing the obstacles to their incorporation as a teaching tool. Likewise, we sought to understand how the food produced in the gardens is used in school meals and how maintenance activities are carried out. Methodologically, the research has a qualitative nature and is based on technical procedures of bibliographic, documental and participant observation research, semi-structured interviews and photographic records. As an analytical object, the research relies on the study of multiple cases of four school gardens implemented in the year 2021, in the cities of Anápolis, Catalão, Rio Verde and Ouvidor, in the State of Goiás. The results indicate that, although school gardens are difficult to maintain, they benefit school meals by offering quality food, in great variety and quantity. At the same time, they have potential uses as an educational tool in the development of education activities for the teaching of environmental sustainability.
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    Morfodinâmica e hidro-geomorfologia do médio rio Araguaia: investigação dos padrões e dos controles físicos e sua relevância para a análise ambiental
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-08-25) Suizu, Taina Medeiros; Bayer, Maximiliano; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4552593148328465; Latrubesse, Edgardo Manuel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7008643054366282; Latrubesse, Edgardo Manuel; Filizola Junior, Naziano Pantoja; Zancopé, Márcio Henrique de Campos; Ferreira, Manuel Eduardo; Faria, Karla Maria Silva de
    The Araguaia River represents the last and most important free-flowing river located in the Cerrado-Amazon ecotone. The increasing human influence on this river system poses an imminent threat to the valuable ecosystem services it provides. Therefore, it is essential to produce knowledge about the physical structure and functioning of this river, which serves as a basis for a significant portion of the biome's biodiversity. This thesis contributes to the fields of Geomorphology and Hydrology of large tropical rivers, bringing new discoveries that enrich the existing body of research on the Araguaia system. In the first paper, we conducted an assessment of the planform morphology changes in the upper-middle course between 2001 and 2018, expanding the temporal data series on the evolution of macroforms to a 53-year period. We found that the current transition phase of the river, characterized by the contraction of the channel's active zone and the partial loss of braiding due to a higher representativeness of the islands, is likely related to changes in the hydro-sedimentary regime over the last two decades. Based on a set of channel and floodplain geomorphological variables, in the second paper we developed a methodology to subdivide the middle Araguaia into 19 distinct reaches (R1-R19), which were further clustered into five major segments (SI-SV). We found that changes in valley gradient have a significant influence on the morphology of SI, SIII, and SIV, while the inflow of important tributaries and the nature of the valley floor are the main controlling factors for the fluvial style in SII and SV, respectively. This large-scale planimetric characterization of the river's middle course complements previous geomorphic studies, providing insights into the morphological diversity and sensitivity of each segment to environmental changes. In the third paper, we present a new approach to the existing classifications in the literature of flood events in the middle Araguaia. Small-scale floods (types B and D2) exhibit distinct attenuation patterns associated with the occurrence of drier years (D2). The attenuation of intermediate-scale floods (types C and D1) and large-scale floods (type A) is influenced by the magnitude of maximum flows at the upstream river gauge station, with no statistical significance for the influence of tributaries on peak changes. Flood hydrograph properties were found to respond to the regional geomorphological organization of the system. When considering the segments proposed in the second paper, we observed that the nature of the valley floor plays a central role in the efficient transport of floods in SI, SIV, and SV. The wide and complex floodplain in SII significantly influences the storage capacity, allowing for gradual dissipation of floodwater excess and peak attenuation. Water diversion to the old system (Rio Javaés) exhibited unique transfer patterns under different flow conditions, resulting in overall annual losses and gains in SIII. The methodologies and disciplinary knowledge produced in this thesis can support future interdisciplinary work and investigations in the context of environmental sciences.
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    Disputa pela terra em Moçambique - caso do distrito de Marracuene
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-01-29) Yung, Telma Leo; Salomão, Alda Isabel Anibal; Miziara, Fausto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3275079358565458; Miziara, Fausto; Hora, Karla Emmanuela Ribeiro; Campos, Ricardo Luiz Sapia de
    The research was carried out within the scope of the Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, with the aim of investigating land access and tenure in the Marracuene District, Mozambique. The main focus is to identify the main factors that cause land disputes in the study area, with an emphasis on the point of view of traditional producers. The increase in the demand for land in the district is driven by several factors, such as the geographical proximity to Maputo city, the "Maputo Ring Road", the Bridge over the Incomati River that connects Macaneta and the holding of the "Maputo International Fair - FACIM". In addition, the purpose of housing and investments in sectors such as trade, agriculture and tourism also contribute to the pressure on land. The combination of these factors contributes to an increase in demand for land in the district, generating pressure on land, boosting the economic, social and environmental development of the region. To investigate this, the study adopted mixed research procedure techniques, relying on field observations, questionnaires and interviews. Based on data collected in the field and information provided by the Serviço Distrital de Planeamento e Infra - Estruturas (SDPI), we identified four communities facing disputes over land, involving different actors, being: (1) Marracuene Vista Company, Traditional Leaders and the neighborhood Mapulango; (2) Community of Eduardo Mondlane I and Regulus Magaia; (3) Guava Peasant Association and the Korean Mission; (4) Community of the neighborhood of Zintava and Sr. Milton Torre de Vale and Fundo para o Fomento e Habitação (F.F.H). To resolve these disputes, the parties involved are invited to participate in conciliation processes, mediated by the Land Chiefs, with the assistance of the Regulus. In some cases, the block chief and Neighborhood Secretary may also be involved, depending on the nature of the conflict or dispute. In situations considered difficult to resolve, cases related to land disputes in Marracuene can be referred to higher instances, such as the 2nd and 1st levels, including at the locality level, the Administrative Post and, finally, the District Administration. The Dispute Resolution Committee, present at the SDPI (Serviço Distrital de Planeamento e Infra- Estruturas), also plays an important role in the mediation and arbitration process. These higher authorities are called upon to seek more comprehensive and complex solutions, in order to achieve a fair and adequate resolution to land disputes or conflicts. The district of Marracuene is going through a period of expansion marked by the transition from an agrarian base to latent urban growth, dissociated from the industrialization process. This transition highlights urbanization associated with commercialization, reflected in the increase in land prices and the boost in the tourism sector. However, this process has been accompanied by the destruction of agrarian and peasant life, resulting in a totalizing social dynamic of urban society and the perception among interviewees reveals concerns about the loss of agricultural land, resettlement without adequate compensation and corruption in the bodies of dispute resolution. With all this, these interests often trigger territorial disputes and environmental degradation. The necessary approach must reconcile socioeconomic development with environmental preservation and social justice, requiring the effective implementation of public policies and the protection of the rights of local communities to ensure fair and sustainable land management.