Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Contábeis

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Gerenciamento de resultados, custo da dívida e trade off entre as estratégias de gerenciamento: evidências do mercado brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-18) Almeida, Gabriel Queiroz de; Diaz, Mario Ernesto Piscoya; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8921949936090276; Carmo, Carlos Henrique Silva do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1859940699823861; Carmo, Carlos Henrique Silva do; Diaz, Mario Ernesto Piscoya; Zanolla, Ercilio; Paulo, Edilson
The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between Earnings Management by Real Earnings Management (REM) and by Accruals Earnings Management (AEM) in the cost of debt of Brazilian publicly traded companies, as well as to investigate how debt could impact the trade-off between these same strategies. Searching indications of how the characteristics of each strategy and the ability of creditors to perceive earnings management would impact the cost of debt and how the manager would direct earnings management as a whole, in light of the cost of debt. Hypotheses 1 and 2 were based on the assumption that creditors would perceive the informational asymmetry and the potential risks of the two earnings management strategies, thus there would be a positive association between the strategies and the cost of debt. Hypothesis 3, was developed taking into account the characteristics of each earnings management strategy, the manager would adjust the way in which they are used if pressured by the cost of debt. The study was conducted in a set of Brazilian non-financial publicly traded entities in the period from 2010 to 2018. The management strategies were estimated using the Roychowdhury (2006) models for Real Earnings Management and the Pae (2005) and Jones (1991) models for Accrual Earnings Management. The analysis was performed through the implementation of statistical techniques (univariate, bivariate and multivariate), such as quantile regressions, logit, panel data and GLS. The results indicated for hypotheses 1 and 2 that management trough REM is not perceived in a satisfactory manner and misinterpreted in the case of REM by discretionary expenditures, indicated by the negative association found, which can be explained by a certain lack of sophistication of the brazilian market in perceiving REM, after all, it is considered more difficult to perceive. About the accruals, the sign found was the same found in the literature and according to the established hypothesis, creditors are able to perceive the abnormal movement of accruals and include it in the required compensation. The results of hypothesis 3 indicated that the cost of debt is capable of impacting how managers use earnings management strategies, with a reduction in REM and an increase in AEM the higher the cost of debt is. Estimation through 2SLS was also carried out to resolve any inconsistency related to endogeneity (simultaneity), the results indicated that it is the perception of creditors that drives the association, therefore the manager is not so concerned with debt issues when applying earnings management techniques, thus tending to manage in search of issues related to compensation and the stock market. The results contribute to the research in earnings management and indicates the inability of the corporate debt market to perceive and incorporate REM into debt costs efficiently.
Percepção da qualidade no ensino superior: análise discente de uma IES filantrópica
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-11-30) Assunção, Artur Ribeiro de; Araújo, Kleber Domingos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8035478885167477; Araújo, Kleber Domingos; Silva, Júlio Orestes da; Pereira, Antonio Gualberto
The objective of this study is to highlight the students' perception of the relationship between organizational management strategy indicators and innovation with the quality of teaching at a philanthropic IES. To measure the quality of teaching, an adaptation was used with theoretical indicators on the Organizational Management Strategy and innovation with the addition of the HEDPERF model by Firdaus (2006). As a statistical model to support and analyze the collected data, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis techniques were applied in order to explain the relationship between dependent and independent variables simultaneously, through Partial Least Square (PLS). The management results that both the Organizational Strategy and Innovation Performance are associated with the perception of Teaching Quality in a philanthropic IES. This contribution to the literature by providing a survey on the respect of measurement in Brazil from the point of view of disks, considering only the criteria of organizational management strategy and innovation quality. In a similar way, the research brings practical contributions in the sense of highlighting which points of improvement to be observed by the institutional management an end of evolution in the provision of educational services. Therefore, as research limitations, we highlight the restriction of the selected sample and the impossibility of generalizing the results, since only one educational institution that fits into this category of philanthropic HEI was evaluated. Another restriction concerns the investigated factor, as this study considered exclusively the student's perspective, discarding the others.
Efeitos da adoção da IFRS 15 no gerenciamento de receitas: uma análise dos países do BRICS
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-11) Braga, Paula Graciely da Silva; Carmo, Carlos Henrique Silva do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1859940699823861; Carmo, Carlos Henrique Silva do; Machado, Lúcio de Souza; Marques, Vagner Antônio
International accounting standards are guided by principles, offering managers greater judgment and discretion in the preparation of financial statements. In this environment of accounting standards, as of January 2018, the new revenue recognition standard, entitled IFRS 15, is inserted, having as scope more possibilities of choices and judgments on the part of managers. Such discretion offers the possibility to more accurately portray the economic particularities of each company and, on the other hand, it can facilitate the manipulation of discretionary revenues. In view of this, the present research aimed to analyze whether the adoption of IFRS 15 influenced the practice of earnings management through specific accruals of revenues. As specific objectives, we sought to verify whether this influence differs in each country and in each sector. 1116 companies from countries belonging to the acronym BRICS were analyzed, classified in the sectors of telecommunications, software, engineering, construction and real estate, and the automobile sector, covering a time period from 2016 to 2018. To test the research hypotheses, discretionary revenues were estimated through the model developed by Caylor (2010), and later used as a proxy for revenue management. Multivariate regressions were performed with panel data with robust random effects. The results demonstrate that the effectiveness of IFRS 15 positively influenced the practice of revenue management, in other words, from the adoption of the new revenue recognition standard, there was an increase in management levels by revenue accruals. It was also found that the effects of IFRS 15 differ according to the country and the sector, with a significant difference in China in the engineering, construction and real estate sector.
A influência dos mecanismos internos e externos da governança corporativa no desempenho das aquisições corporativas
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-05-14) Carvalho, Misley Ferreira Viana de; Pimenta, Daiana Paula; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9039708494014835; Pimenta, Daiana Paula; Borsatto, Jaluza Maria Lima Silva; Soares, Juliano Lima
Acquisitions are important strategic operations that can result in success when there is positive performance or failure when value is destroyed. The search for the performance of corporate acquisitions combined with the demand for corporate governance issues boosted the development of this research. This study aims to analyze how the internal and external mechanisms of corporate governance influence the performance of corporate acquisitions of publicly traded American companies. The study was carried out with secondary data, organized in a panel, for acquisitions made by American publicly traded companies, in the period from 2009 to 2019, estimated using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression model. The results demonstrate that the internal mechanisms, representative of the associations' learning history, the ownership structure mechanism, specifically, the presence of ownership concentration in the property, has a positive association of 7% in the performance of the acquirers. Regarding the influence of external mechanisms, those that occur in the environment external to the organization, three positive results were found, results and indicators of the association with the performance of acquisitions, such as the hiring of consultancy in the acquisition operation, the presence of institutional investors in the ownership and the density of the acquisition sector, with 12.8%, 4% and 0.01%, respectively. Additionally, interactions between internal and external mechanisms of corporate governance that influence the performance of acquisitions were found. This study presents theoretical and practical contributions to identify corporate governance mechanisms of companies that are more likely to obtain the best performance when making acquisitions, which can be explored both by research, as well as by management and defined parties.
Value relevance do valor distribuído da demonstração do valora adicionado: análise no mercado brasileiro à luz da teoria dos Stakeholders e Shareholders
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-10) Couto, Marcia Helena de Andrade; Zanolla, Ercilio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2535424071298626; Zanolla, Ercilio; Santos, Ariovaldo dos; Machado, Lúcio de Souza
The objective of this study was to analyse the behaviour of the relevance of the informational content of the distribution of the value of the AVD, according to the interest groups classified in the light of the Stakeholders and Shareholders Theory. The methodology applied was the qualitative and quantitative approach, from 2009 to 2018, in 169 Brazilian companies. The data were organized in a panel, totaling 1,690 observations, and the Ohlson (1995) model of value relevance adjusted according to the survey was used. The Vad variables were classified into VadShare (Shareholders), VadStake (Stakeholders), StakSoc (Social), StakGov (Government) and StakTer (Third Parties) and the research hypotheses based on economic theory. The results showed that Vad provides a more adequate model and has a negative influence on stock prices, confirming the economic theory. The maximization of wealth to shareholders is confirmed in the results of regressions in all interest groups in the distribution of wealth - it was found that the VadShare model is the most appropriate when compared with VadStake, StakSoc, StakGov and StakTer. It was found that the period analyzed, of economic and political crisis, influenced the behavior of the value of the distribution of wealth, the price of shares and the average negative performance. In general, it can be inferred that other factors can impact the stock price. It is important to note that both the discussion of the theory of Shareholders and Stakeholders and the analysis of the empirical evidence may be the awakening of interest in analysis and discussions in academia and greater use and utility of VAD in companies and the market.
Análise da relação entre a divulgação de gestão de riscos corporativos e o gerenciamento de resultados em empresas brasileiras
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-04-05) Duarte, Jheneffer Silva Santos; Carmo, Carlos Henrique Silva do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1859940699823861; Carmo, Carlos Henrique Silva do; Rech, Ilírio José; Pereira, Antonio Gualberto
The risk management disclosure is a way for companies to disclose to the stock market the risks to which they are exposed and how they manage these risks to bring better decision-making capacity to both their managers and their stakeholders. The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between risk management disclosure and earnings management in Brazilian companies. The risk management disclosure can indicate better quality of financial reports and companies with better quality of financial reports, in turn, can have a negative influence on their accruals-based management and a positive influence on real earnings management. In addition, it can impact the trade-off between these earnings management. The sample consists of 182 companies listed on B3 between 2012 and 2020. To analyze earnings management, the Pae (2005) model was used to calculate accruals-based management and the Roychowdhury (2006) model for the calculation of real earnings management. To calculate risk management disclosure, two indices were measured, one called rigorous and the other, tolerant, applying a checklist in the companies' Reference Form as required by CVM Instruction no. 480/2009 as amended by CVM Instruction n. 586/2017. The trade-off between manipulation by accruals and by real activities was also used to identify whether the risk management disclosure impacts the exchange of these two types of earnings management. As control variables, the study adopted profitability, size, growth and sector. Through the GLS regression, the results allow us to say that the high risk management disclosure, both in its rigorous and tolerant criteria, decreases the use of accruals-based management. On the other hand, the high risk management disclosure doesn’t increase the use of real earnings management. The results also showed that, through the risk management disclosure, the two types of earnings management used for the analysis of the study can be treated as complementary. These results mainly contribute to the decision-making of stakeholders regarding investments in companies and expand the national studies that until now were concentrated on only one of the tools that is part of the risk management disclosure, the internal control.
Análise da retenção de caixa e alavancagem financeira como recursos complementares ou substitutos nas empresas brasileiras de capital aberto
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-02-20) Ferreira , Marília Paranaíba; Zanolla, Ercilio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2535424071298626; Zanolla, Ercilio; Machado, Michele Rílany Rodrigues; Silva, César Augusto Tibúrcio
This research investigated whether Brazilian publicly traded companies classified as financially restricted and unrestricted used cash holdings and financial leverage in a complementary or substitutive way, and if the financially restricted companies kept more cash than the unrestricted ones in the period between January 2010 and December 2016. The data were collected quarterly on the basis of Economatica® and the principal components factorial analysis technique was adopted to classify the companies in restricted and unrestricted. The sample with 108 companies, 55 restricted and 53 unrestricted, was analyzed through multiple regressions with unbalanced panel data and the results indicated that 1) in financially restricted companies, cash holdings and financial leverage are complementary sources of financing; 2) cash holdings and financial leverage are sources of substitute financing in financially unrestricted companies; and 3) financially restricted Brazilian companies retained, on average, more cash than unrestricted ones. The theoretical contribution of this study was the construction of a different perspective of the Trade-Off and Pecking Order theories, in the sense that the first treats the resources as complementary and the second as substitutes, and the empirical was the choice of the method used to segregate the companies in financially restricted and unrestricted.
Reservas de caixa e ameaças biológicas: um estudo das políticas de cash holding frente ao choque exógeno causado pela pandemia da COVID-19
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-05-14) Gomes, Poliana Carine Silva; Cruz, Alethéia Ferreira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4696821747588199; Cruz, Alethéia Ferreira da; Cruz, Moisés Ferreira da; Tavares, Marcelo
The objective of this research is to analyze whether Brazilian publicly traded companies manage their cash reserves when exposed to an exogenous shock, through an almost natural experiment, caused by the pandemic of COVID-19. The study sample included 273 Brazilian companies, listed on B³ and used the OLS Regression method with an estimate of difference-in-differences. The survey results are that the COVID-19 pandemic positively impacted the cash reserves of the companies analyzed, both using the year 2019 and the year 2018 as an exogenous pre-shock period. It was also identified that macroeconomic variables such as GDP, interest rates and inflation have an influence on cash retention in times of health crises. It is understood that this growth in cash reserves after exogenous shock is mainly due to the presence of uncertainties in the generation of future cash flows, encouraging an increase in the levels of cash reserves to manage fixed costs and business maintenance and avoiding the need to use third party capital, given the preference for liquidity. It was also identified that financially restricted companies retained cash to a lesser ext ent than unrestricted companies.
Relação entre alfabetização financeira e atitude monetária
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-06-14) Gomes, Rafaela Avelina; Souza, Emerson Santana de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3765687234109597; Cunha, Moisés Ferreira da; Noriller, Rafael Martins; Souza, Emerson Santana de
Financial literacy is a set of knowledge, attitudes and behaviors that help people make better financial decisions in the monetary context of their lives. Knowing the factors that affect people's attitude towards money can help them shape themselves economically and have desirable attitudes. The main purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between monetary attitude and financial literacy of university students. In order to do that, a descriptive and quantitative approach was used, using statistical methods confirmatory factor analysis and of logistic regression analysis, using STATA software. Data collection was carried out in a virtual environment, through the availability of professors and contact with students from undergraduate programs in Administration, Accounting and Economics at the Federal University of Goias (UFG). To collect the data, a survey-type questionnaire was applied in an online environment, consisting of 3 blocks of questions, totaling 78 questions, which resulted in a final sample of 182 valid answers. The results showed that only the dimensions monetary attitude, retention time, is statistically significant in relation to the level of financial literacy of university students, showing that those individuals who plan their financial future responsibly monitor their financial situation. The dimensions power prestige, distrust and anxiety were not statistically significant.
Transações com partes relacionadas: evidências de comparabilidade e honorários de auditoria em empresas abertas do mercado brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-02-24) Lima, Ana Claudia Santo; Carmo, Carlos Henrique Silva do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1859940699823861; Carmo, Carlos Henrique Silva do; Ribeiro, Alex Mussoi; Machado, Lúcio de Souza
This research has aims to identify the influence of related party transactions (RPTs) on the comparability of financial statements and audit fees of publicly traded companies in the Brazilian market. Two opposing argument have been consolidate in the literature in relation to RPTs: the first one maintains that related transactions can be used by a group of companies with the aim of reducing costs, sharing resources and even obtaining gain; the second argument, supported by the agency theory emphasizes that these transactions can be used opportunistically to expropriate resources from entites based on the assumption that RPTs can have effect on the quality of accounting information. To this end, the premise was adopted that RPTs can reduce the comparability of financial reports and subsequently increase auditors fees, as comparability helps to improve audit efficiency and accuracy. The cauculation of the comparability measure was performed using the method of similarity of the accounting function by DeFranco et al. (2021), audit fees were collected from the reference form and measured using the natural logarithm, in agreement with the research by Habib et al. (2015) and Al-Dhamari et al. (2018). Regarding transactions with related parties, asset weighted RPTs were adopted (Hasnan et al., 2016; Shin et al., 2019; Jalan et al., 2020) to investigate the relationship with comparability. On the other hand, we chose to use RPTs in their logarithm form (Habib et al., 2015; Pratama, 2018; Ali et al., 2021) to verify the relationship with audit fees. Regard to data analysis, to establish the relationship between RPTs and comparability, the multivariate analysis of quantile regression was adopted, using quantiles 0.25,0, 0.50 and 0.75, in which the lowest, medium and highest levels of comparability are analyzed; in terms of RPTs and audit fees, they were estimated using panel data. The results found suggest that purchase and total RPTs negatively impact the quality of information, as they reduce the comparability of companies that have medium and maximum levels of comparability; moreover, the related sales, purchases and totals transactions are complex and increase the risk of material misstatement, resulting in higher fees. This research contributes to the expansion of the literature, by adding evidence of the relationship between RPTs and the quality of accounting information in the Brazilian context. In addition to bringing complications for investors, analysts and auditors, by indicating that comparability is reduced for companies have average and maximum comparability, harming the decision making process and that sales, purchases and totals RPTs are a risk to the audit process, so they need to be analyzed more accurately. Finally, the findings also provide a warning to standard setters regarding the protection of minority shareholders, as related transactions can be used to obscure accounting information.
A influência das subvenções e assistências governamentais no desempenho econômico das empresas do agronegócio brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-07-27) Maia, Gilson Ribeiro; Rech, Ilírio José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5540005217517516; Rech, Ilírio José; Machado, Lúcio De Souza; Pereira, Ivone Vieira
The granting of Government Grants and Assistance is part of the government's fiscal policy and its purpose, among many others, is to help companies to develop activities that are important for economic development, in addition to providing mechanisms that improve the social actions demanded by society. In this context, this research examines whether Government Grants and Assistance influence the economic performance of Brazilian agribusiness companies listed on B3 S.A (Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão). To reach the goal, 59 companies were analyzed in the period from 2014 to 2019, using the Return on Assets (ROA) and the Return on Equity (ROE) as performance variables. The independent variables that formed the Government Grants and Assistance were collected from the notes, from the tax incentive reserves and from subsidized loans obtained from the Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (BNDES). As control variables, the size of assets (TAM), tax aggressiveness measured by the Book Tax Difference (BTD) and the Effective Tax Rate (ETR), net revenues (REC), region of location of subsidized companies (REG) were used and the classification of companies into groups upstream and downstream of the agricultural activity in relation to the agribusiness production chain (MAJ). The information was taken from Economatica® and from the BNDES website. The statistical technique adopted to analyze the data was through multiple regression analysis with panel data. The results indicate that subsidized loans impact the performance measured by ROA, which is not verified with other isolated grants; as for the variables that measure tax aggressiveness, the Book Tax Difference (BTD) showed positive statistical significance (1%) for the same performance indicator. Through the econometric models, it was noticed that the return on equity (ROE) indicator, in principle, is not effective to measure a possible influence relationship by Government Grants and Assistance. The variables net revenue (REC) and MAJ also showed statistical significance in part of the models, but the variables size (TAM) and region (REG) were not able to contribute, ceteris paribus, in explaining the influence of Government Grants and Assistance on performance of the companies studied. It is concluded that there is no evidence that Government Subsidies and Assistance, alone, influence the performance of companies, however, subsidized loans obtained from the BNDES demonstrate statistical significance for subsidized agribusiness companies.
O impacto do Big Data na performance das firmas de capital aberto no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-07-04) Mello, Ivan Ribeiro; Cruz, Alethéia Ferreira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4696821747588199; Cruz, Alethéia Ferreira da; Albuquerque, Pedro Henrique Melo; Cunha, Moisés Ferreira da
There is a common belief that companies should actively engage in Big Data strategies to remain competitive. However, companies' ongoing concern is related to estimating the value of gains and expenses involved in acquiring or developing these solutions. In this context, this study seeks to answer the following research question: What is the impact of using Big Data on the performance of publicly traded companies in Brazil? Therefore, its objective is to measure the impact of using Big Data on the performance of publicly traded companies in Brazil from 2010 to 2022. Thus, this research replicates the model of Cappa et al. (2020) in the Brazilian context, using mobile application data made available by companies on the Google Play Store as an objective proxy for the available Big Data for each of them; with the Resource-Based View (RBV) as the fundamental theoretical framework. Data was collected from three different sources: Refinitiv Eikon©, the Brazilian Securities and Exchange Commission (CVM), and the Google Play Store, using Robotic Process Automation (RPA) through the PyAutoGUI library in Python. The results show that the impact of Big Data in 2022 is less significant than observed in previous research, and that from 2010 to 2022, the increasing adoption of the strategy by various firms in almost all evaluated sectors indicates that the application of Big Data seems to have generated positional and unsustainable competitive advantage. In this sense, the main contributions of this study are related to demystifying Big Data as a concept that still represents a cutting-edge innovation. The findings suggest that investing in Big Data still makes sense, but without the belief that it is something capable of solving any problems simply because it is a technology investment.
A influência das características dos gestores no reconhecimento do valor do Goodwill em empresas da B3
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-05-14) Miranda Filho, Silvio Silva; Machado, Michele Rílany Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8001352972115912; Carmo, Carlos Henrique Silva do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1859940699823861; Rech, Ilírio José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5540005217517516; Rech, Ilírio José; Lemes, Sirlei; Carmo, Carlos Henrique Silva do
The measurement of transaction values in merger and acquisition processes, as well as the recognition of the value paid for future profitability expectations - goodwill, affect the financial position and public perception of the company (Detzen et al, 2012). Studying the factors that affect the formation of goodwill is relevant due to the possible impact of recognizing its value on the company's balance sheet structure. In this sense, the objective of this research is to investigate the influence of manager characteristics on the recognized value of goodwill in publicly traded companies on the B3 exchange, which have undergone M&A processes. To achieve the proposed objective, publicly traded companies with shares traded on the Brazilian stock exchange, called B3 (Brasil Bolsa Balcão), were selected. To compose the database with the analyzed variables, information from the balance sheet reports of all companies on the B3 exchange between the periods of 2010 and 2021 was collected to verify and catalog companies that recognized values as goodwill. After defining which statements have these records, the explanatory notes in financial reports were analyzed to collect transaction values in M&A operations. Additionally, other relevant information was validated and manually collected. Managerial information was obtained from non-financial reports and/or through manual search on various websites. The final sample of the research comprises 281 companies. Multivariate regression was used to estimate the impact of financial incentive and personal characteristics of managers on the recognized value of goodwill. The results confirmed the positive association of the variable of received bonuses and the negative association of the variable of age with the recognized value of goodwill. The findings of the research contribute to the discussion of the subject from the perspective of cognitive, empirical, and personal values, as it relates to the dynamics of decision-making based on managerial characteristics.
Características dos fundos de pensão e de suas patrocinadoras que influenciam o funding: evidências do mercado brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-04-15) Moraes Filho, Osmar Pereira de; Rech, Ilírio José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5540005217517516; Rech, Ilírio José; Pereira, Antonio Gualberto; Botinha, Reiner Alves
The objective of this dissertation is to verify which characteristics of pension funds and their sponsors influence the level of funding of BD plans. The research is based on the financial corporate perspective, which presupposes that pension funds are managed for the benefit of the shareholders of the sponsoring companies. Two databases were used: the first with data from the sponsors, in the period from 2010 to 2019; and the second, with data from pension funds, in the period from 2010 to 2018, with the 2019 cut due to lack of data. For the investigation of the influences, we used univariate nonparametric (descriptive and Wilcoxon- Mann-Whitney test), bivariate (Spearman correlation coefficient), and multivariate (quantile regression) statistical techniques. Regarding the characteristics of the sponsors that influence funding: the level of insolvency and corporate governance, showed negative influence, while the market risk and the total remuneration of executives showed positive influence. Within pension funds: the risk (after control of other variables in the multivariate analysis) and the return on investments showed positive influence over funding, while the remuneration of the directors and the percentage of members of the deliberative board elected by the participants negatively influence funding. Regarding the actuarial premises, there was a difference in the premises reported by the sponsors and their pension funds, mainly in the premises: interest rates, retirement and family composition. The research contributes mainly to the following stakeholders: to investors, assisting them in understanding funding policies, therefore improving the pricing of pension components; to creditors, assisting the understanding of funding policies, therefore, improving the assessment of the impact of supplementary pension on the debtors' ability to pay; for regulators, pointing out possible improvements of the standards, in order to approximate the rules of the CPC and PREVIC; finally, for employees, as inappropriate fundings may compromise employee benefit payments.
Análise de características determinantes das escolhas contábeis na demonstração dos fluxos de caixa em empresas da América Latina
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-04-18) Nascimento, Denise Fernandes; Zanolla, Ercilio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2535424071298626; Carmo, Carlos Henrique Silva do; Ribeiro, Alex Mussoi
The cash flow statement is a very important report for accounting users and is one of the ways to provide information about the changes that occur in so-called net assets, financial structure and the ability of companies to change their resources, which moments will be required to receive receipts and payments in the entities in order to adapt to the different situations and opportunities (IAS 7). In this sense, the present study aims to analyze, in a general way, the characteristics associated to the accounting choices in the cash flow statement of open companies in Latin America. The research sample consisted of 565 publicly-held companies, financial and non-financial, with annual cash flow statements for the period 2012 to 2016. The survey data were obtained from the Thomson Reuters® database and Economática ® and on the websites of Brazil, Chile and Peru. The logistic regression technique was used to test the seven variables raised from the literature on the subject. We estimated fourteen econometric models, all of them composed by the dependent variable corresponding to the accounting choices allowed for the DFC. The results showed that: (i) the variables: size, company, indebtedness, profitability, negative operating cash flow and BP are not determinants of accounting choices; (ii) most companies do not follow the classification encouraged by IAS-7.
Contribuições de red flags para detecção de fraudes corporativas
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-01-15) Nascimento, Monize Ramos do; Piscoya Diaz, Mário Ernesto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8921949936090276; Piscoya Diaz, Mário Ernesto; Rech, Ilírio José; Murcia, Fernando Dal-Ri; Pundrinch, Gabriel Pereira
Research has shown the importance of corporate fraud risk red flags from Cressey's (1953) fraud risk theory. Despite presenting false positives, they can identify a fraudulent situation at an early stage. However, the analysis of the use of financial indicators from financial statements has not yet received due attention from scientific research due to their degree of relevance. Thus, there is timely research that has empirically explored the ability of a set of red flags to help identify signs of fraud. In this sense, the objective of this research is to investigate the contributions of red flags obtained from financial reports in the detection of corporate fraud. In order to achieve the proposed objective, non-financial publicly traded companies with shares traded on the Brazilian stock exchange, called B3 (Brasil Bolsa Balcão), were selected, totaling 277 companies. To construct the database used in the variables analyzed, the information present in the companies' explanatory notes, in the Thonsom Reuters® database, on the website of the Commission of Monetary Values (CVM) and the Federal Police, was considered. For the selection of companies, the years between 2008 and 2018 were considered. For the selection of variables, the period was from 2006 to 2018, allowing data to be collected before the fraud occurred. The method chosen was Logistic Regression for panel data. Indicators identified in the literature with potential to identify evidence of fraud were selected. The variables collected were audit firm, debt, inventory increase, profitability and operating losses. The results confirmed the positive association between liability size and fraud risk. For the other red flags addressed, no statistical significance was found to suggest possible contributions. The findings of the research contribute to the discussion of the theme regarding the prevention of corporate fraud.
Empresas familiares x não familiares: impactos das aquisições corporativas no desempenho da empresa e na remuneração dos executivos
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-03-27) Oliveira, Rafael Manoel de; Pimenta, Daiana Paula; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9039708494014835; Pimenta, Daiana Paula; Cunha, Moisés Ferreira da; Porto, Rafael Barreiros
This study aimed to verify if the acquisitions made by family companies generate better performance than those performed by non-family companies, and if there is a difference between the post-acquisition compensation of executives of family companies and executives from non- family companies of Brazilian companies listed in B3 in the period from 2009 to 2016. The research is supported mainly in the agency relations and the alignment of interests between the principal and the agent, studied by the Agency Theory. Data were collected through Thomson Reuters Ikon and the company reference form. Enterprises were classified as familiar or unfamiliar through the involvement and essential approaches. To achieve the objectives, three multiple regressions were estimated: two related to the performance of acquisitions, with data stacked and a sample of 244 acquisitions (86 companies), and one referring to executive compensation, with a sample of 96 companies with panel data not balanced. The results indicated that: i) Brazilian family firms tend to perform better with corporate acquisitions events compared to non-family acquisitions; and (ii) corporate acquisitions have a greater positive impact on the total remuneration of non-family business executives than on family firms. The results are consistent with the Agency Theory, which says that the gap between ownership and control creates agency conflicts and offers greater opportunities for expropriation by managers.
Os efeitos da concentração de propriedade e da estrutura do conselho de administração nos covenants de debêntures emitidas pelas empresas listadas na bolsa brasileira
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-04-16) Palhares, Cláudia Margareth Gomes; Carmo, Carlos Henrique Silva do; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4177319U9; Carmo, Carlos Henrique Silva do; Beiruth, Aziz Xavier; Silva, Júlio Orestes da
Using a database of 110 issues of debentures, conducted between 2011 and 2017 by companies listed on the Brazilian stock exchange, it was sought to identify factors of corporate governance of borrowers that affect the amount of financial covenants present in the debenture agreement and the restriction arising from the financial covenant "Net Financial Debt / EBITDA". For the model referring to the number of financial covenants, a regression was estimated by the Ordinary Least Squares method. The results indicate that the companies with greater concentration of ownership by the controlling shareholder, with a larger board of directors, companies belonging to sectors of economic activity of metallic minerals and information technology issued debentures with fewer financial covenants. On the other hand, debentures issued by larger companies, belonging to the leasing of vehicles and equipment and telecommunications and which issued debentures in 2011, presented a greater number of financial covenants. The second model was estimated through logistic regression and the results suggest that companies with greater concentration of ownership, greater size of the board of directors, greater independence of the board of directors, largercompanies, more leveraged and belonging to the public utility sector, were more likely to have a covenant that allows a higher level of indebtedness. The longer maturity of the debt seems to lead companies to issue debentures with a covenant "Net financial debt / EBITDA" that tolerates a lower level of indebtedness. The research provides support to the literature that internal governance mechanisms such as concentration of ownership, size and independence of the board of directors affect the amount of financial covenants and the constraint imposed by the covenant of indebtedness on contracts of debentures of companies that deal in the stock exchange Brazilian As a practical contribution, this study shows that companies issuing debentures may seek substitute mechanisms for the use and restriction of financial covenants and thus avoid the restrictions arising from these contractual clauses.
Fatores determinantes de book-tax differences nas empresas da cadeia produtiva do agronegócio
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-08-11) Papacosta, Bárbara Tonaco; Rech, Ilírio José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5540005217517516; Rech, Ilírio José; Zanolla, Ercílio; Lima, Nilton Cesar
The objective of the present study is to verify the determining factors of book-tax differences (BTD) in companies in the agribusiness chain. In this way, the influence of internal characteristics of companies, of the agribusiness production chain (structural factor) and of tax expenditures (factor at country level) on BTD total, temporary (BTDT) and permanent (BTDP) was verified. As dependent variables, BTD, BTDP and BTDT were used. As independent variables, the links in the chain (upstream, core and downstream), profitability, change in fixed assets, sales variation, presence of biological assets, R&D investiment and liquidity were used as proxies for determinants. Data were extracted from the Thomson Reuters Eikon database and analyzed using panel data regression and hierarchical linear model (HLM). With the help of the NAICS classification, companies with shares on the stock exchange of eight countries in the period 2012 to 2020 were selected. The determining factors were analyzed considering the total and segmented sample according to the activity developed in the production chain. In companies with upstream activity, profitability, the pandemic period and tax expenditures can be considered as determining factors of BTD and BTDP. In the core, the change in fixed assets, sales growth, profitability, liquidity and tax expenditures were identified as determining factors for BTD and BTDP, while in companies with downstream activity, profitability, liquidity, debt and interaction between debt and biological assets were confirmed. As for BTDT, only the change in fixed assets and liquidity were considered determining factors in companies with upstream activities, while, in the core and downstream activities, only profitability. Considering the total sample, it was found that profitability, liquidity, debt, pandemic period, size, tax expenditures, presence of biological assets and the interaction between profitability and R&D are determining factors of BTD and BTDP in agribusiness. As for BTDT, sales growth, profitability, liquidity, debt, tax expenditures, investments in R&D and its interaction with profitability were revealed as determining factors. The multilevel analysis did not confirm the structural factors as determinants of BTD, BTDT and BTDP. The study contributes to the decision making of investors and makers of government policies focused on agribusiness.
Mudanças na relevância da informação contábil para o mercado de capitais nos últimos 20 anos: evidências do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-04-13) Queiroz, Igor Toledo de; Cunha, Moisés Ferreira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9314013762582069; Cunha, Moisés Ferreira da; Carmo, Carlos Henrique Silva do; Almeida, José Elias Feres de
The present paper aimed to provide evidences about the value relevance of accounting information to capital markets through the years. As specific objectives, the research aimed to investigate what is the trend around the value relevance, and if, on average, the adoption of IFRS made the information more value relevant. To the former investigation a cross section regression was adopted, and to the later, a pooled data regression. This paper adopts the classic Ohlson (1995) modelo, that regresses price on earnings per share and book value per share, with the addition of control variables accordingly to Balahandran and Mohanram (2011): industry and ocurrence of loss. Concerning the trend, the evidences indicate that there was a trend of loss of relevance before the adoption of IFRS, and a trend of increase of relevante after. The pooled data regression provided a higher R 2 after the adoption of the IFRS and a higher inclination coefficient for earnings and book value, which suggest that the adoption increased the value relevance of accounting information. This evidence is in general, in the same direction as the presented literatature. Moreover, the research observed contrary evidences to works that investigate relevance over time: in Brazil, book value per share has a declining trend while earnings per share has a increasing trend. These results should be observed with caution, since some national researches indicate that the increase in relevance is sometimes also associated with the governance practices adopted by firms.

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