Mestrado em Geotecnia, Estruturas e Construção Civil (EECA)

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttp://200.137.215.59/tede/handle/tde/265

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Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 168

Avaliação do impacto do projeto arquitetônico na construtibilidade de empreendimentos residenciais
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2025-07-03) Monteiro, Emily Baldoino; Brandstetter, Maria Carolina Gomes de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8038795637292636; Brandstetter, Maria Carolina Gomes de Oliveira; Zanoni, Vanda Alice Garcia; Reis, Ricardo Prado Abreu
Embargado
Vibrações não lineares e controle de torres eólicas com seção variável e fundação elástica
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2025-06-24) Saintilma, Manus; Núñez del Prado, Zenón José Guzmán; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7703344458057759; Núñez del Prado, Zenón José Guzmán; Albuquerque, Álax de Araújo; Ávila, Suzana Moreira
Embargado
Modelagem de estruturas reticuladas planas por meio do método dos elementos finitos posicional com consideração da não linearidade física simplificada via mecânica do dano
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2025-05-27) Eduardo Júnior, Antônio Vaz; Albuquerque, Arthur Álax de Araújo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3634600494502473; Araújo, Daniel de Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8801080897723883; Araújo, Daniel de Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8801080897723883; Paccola, Rodrigo Ribeiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6516780235221804; Amorim, David Leonardo Nascimento de Figueiredo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8758820378249681
Embargada.
Uso do ensaio ''Semi-circular bending'' dinâmico para avaliar o comportamento à fadiga de misturas asfálticas e estruturas de pavimentos
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2025-04-24) Melo, Karolayne Peres de; Teixeira, Jamilla Emi Sudo Lutif; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8494517346511042; Rezende, Lilian Ribeiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9258692609398794; Rezende, Lilian Ribeiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9258692609398794; Oliveira, Lais Roberta Galdino de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6741458610931610; Specht, Luciano Pivoto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8038412953408618; Teixeira
Embargada.
Análise comparativa do desempenho de diferentes sistemas de revestimento de argamassa - sistemas com projeção mecânica e aplicados manualmente
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-08-30) Silva, Daniela Castro; Brandstetter, Maria Carolina de Gomes de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8038795637292636; Matos, Oswaldo Cascudo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3336749062812376; Matos, Oswaldo Cascudo; Cascudo, Helena Carasek; Silva, Angelo Just da Costa e
Embargado
Contribuições para análise estática e dinâmica de estruturas treliçadas modeladas pelo método dos elementos finitos posicional
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2025-05-15) Dias, Mateus Nunes Hidalgo Monteiro; Albuquerque, Arthur Álax de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3634600494502473; Benedetti, Kaio César Borges; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7202770398698589; Benedetti, Kaio César Borges; Siqueira, Tiago Morkis; Pinho, Flávio Augusto Xavier Carneiro
Aiming to ensure safety, in addition to verifying structural strength, structures must also be analyzed for their stability, as structural collapse can occur due to material failure or instability. The study of local or global stability loss in a structure requires consideration of geometric nonlinear behavior, where equilibrium is satisfied in the deformed configuration of the structure. One approach to studying structural instability is through numerical methods, such as the Finite Element Method (FEM) based on positions. The positional FEM is grounded in the change of body configuration through an initial and current mapping system, which inherently considers geometric nonlinearity. In this context, the present work aims to apply the positional FEM with a total Lagrangian reference system in a computational code developed in the Python programming language, for static and dynamic analyses of truss structures. The main focus is on obtaining resonance curves and bifurcation diagrams. Python was chosen due to its wide application in engineering, characterized by its flexibility, the availability of versatile libraries, and the ease of replicating results. The resolution of the equilibrium equation system is performed using the Newton-Raphson method, while the dynamic behavior is addressed using the Newmark method. Aiming to validate the computational implementation, the model was compared with analytical solutions and numerical examples available in the literature. As outcomes, a planar truss and a spatial truss were thoroughly analyzed, yielding nonlinear equilibrium curves, time responses of the structure, natural frequencies, vibration modes, deformed configurations, resonance curves, and bifurcation diagrams. The results were satisfactory and revealed important characteristics of the structural behavior of the analyzed structures.
Influência de Diferentes Parâmetros de Projeto na Concepção de Sistemas de Infiltração de Água de Chuva
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2025-02-26) Mundim, Victor de Castro; Reis, Ricardo Prado Abreu; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2322500042853730; Reis, Ricardo Prado Abreu; Ferreira, Armando Traini; Campos, Marcus André Siqueira
Conventional and source drainage systems are complementary approaches and proposed solutions to problems arising from excess rainwater runoff in urban areas caused by the increase in impermeable surfaces. However, the conventional system can exacerbate downstream impacts, such as excessive flows, increased pollution, and erosion processes. Conversely, source drainage systems aim to retain and infiltrate water at the precipitation site, reducing surface runoff and promoting sustainability by maintaining the water balance in urbanized areas. Examples of source drainage solutions include infiltration trenches, dry-wells, and permeable pavements, which contribute to aquifer recharge and reduce runoff. This study aims to perform a bibliographic mapping to assess the state of the art regarding research associated with simulations of operational performance and design parameters of source drainage systems. There is a noted lack of specific standards focusing on performance and design parameters to avoid fixed measures and mechanized solutions. The studies highlighted a lack of integration between source drainage systems and building rainwater systems. The growing body of research on compensatory drainage techniques reflects significant Chinese influence, attributed to the implementation of the 'sponge cities' concept and its integration with drainage mechanisms.
Análise estatística do desempenho acústico do conjunto de paredes e portas separadas por hall
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2025-02-21) Rocha, Dariane Gomes; Reis, Ricardo Prado Abreu; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2322500042853730; Reis, Ricardo Prado Abreu; Bertoli, Stelamaris Rolla; Brandstetter, Maria Carolina Gomes de Oliveira
The Brazilian performance standard NBR 15575-4 (ABNT, 2013) specifies criteria for assessing the acoustic performance of internal vertical partitions (walls) in residential buildings, primarily through the weighted standardized level difference (DnTw). This study aimed to evaluate the influence of various factors on the acoustic performance of systems separating residential units, consisting of walls and doors divided by corridors (hall). Several factors were investigated individually and in combination, creating multiple experimental scenarios: (a) frequency, (b) floor level, (c) corridor reverberation time, (d) gap size under the doors of noiseemitting and receiving rooms, and (e) relative door positioning. Acoustic tests were conducted in a multifamily residential building located in Brasília, Brazil, and the data collected were statistically analyzed using spreadsheets and the R programming language. The analyses comprised ANOVA, post-hoc tests, and multiple linear regression. Significant differences among the scenarios were observed, and the final regression model exhibited strong explanatory power (adjusted R² = 0.677). Small deviations from normality in residuals were considered negligible. Key factors determining acoustic performance were identified as the logarithm of frequency, door positioning, and gap under the doors. Although corridor reverberation time was not individually statistically significant, its control proved important when combined with other acoustic treatments. The study concludes that combined acoustic interventions — such as simultaneous door misalignment, gap treatments, and reverberation time reduction — are most effective in enhancing the acoustic performance of partition systems. Additionally, intrinsic design strategies, notably door misalignment, can significantly improve acoustic insulation. This research contributes technical insights into acoustic performance in residential buildings and supports the development of effective noise control strategies in construction.
Análise da abertura de junta e adição de fibras de aço em consolos confeccionados em etapa distinta do pilar
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-08-11) Silva, Erika Meire Oliveira; Araújo, Daniel de Lima; Araújo, Daniel de Lima; Almeida, Sylvia Regina Mesquita de; El Debs, Mounir Khalil
Embargado
Otimização de topologia aplicada ao projeto de edifícios altos
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-07-25) Torres, Igor Araújo; Almeida, Sylvia Regina Mesquita de; Almeida, Sylvia Regina Mesquita de; Silva, Frederico Martins Alves da; Paulino, Glaucio Hermógenes
Embargado
Contribuição à nanociência aplicada a materiais cimentícios
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-05-28) Fernandes, José Henrique Alves; Cascudo, Oswaldo; Carasek, Helena; Carasek, Helena; Brandstetter, Maria Carolina; Santos, Tatiane Oliveira dos; Gleize, Philippe Jean Paul
Embargada
Influência das características dos chuveiros elétricos nos hábitos de uso e consumo de água e energia elétrica em edificações residenciais unifamiliares
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2025-02-27) Martins Junior, Luiz Carlos; Meireles, Inês Osório de Castro; Campos, Marcus André Siqueira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3212762899289587; Campos, Marcus André Siqueira; Sousa, Vitor Faria e; Reis, Ricardo Prado Abreu
Embargado.
Estudo do adensamento de sedimentos do reservatório da UHE Batalha com base na teoria de adensamento de grandes deformações por meio do ensaio de coluna
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2025-01-31) Nava, Pedro Vitor Oliveira; Gitirana Junior, Gilson de Farias Neves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4710728908810849; Oliveira, Lais Roberta Galdino de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6741458610931610; Gitirana Junior, Gilson de Farias Neves; Cavalcante, André Luis Brasil; Angelim, Renato Resende; Angelim
Embargado.
Avaliação do risco relativo à qualidade e ao custo de obras paralisadas de HIS no estado de Goiás
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-08-28) Resende, Fabiana Barbosa de; Brandstetter, Maria Carolina Gomes de Oliveira Brandstetter; Brandstetter, Maria Carolina Gomes de Oliveira; lattes.cnpq.br/8038795637292636; Brandstetter, Maria Carolina Gomes de Oliveira; Cascudo, Helena Carasek; Hora, Karla Emmanuela Ribeiro
The housing deficit in Brazil, estimated, corresponds to 7.78 million households, in Goiás it is around 156 thousand families in deficit conditions. In the scope of paralyzed public constructions, in 2018 there were 4,669 paralyzed constructions in the national territory, corresponding to more than 135 billion paralyzed investments. In Goiás, there are 121 paralyzed constructions that are equivalent to more than 2 billion reais, according to the 2019 records of the TCE, in the case of social interest housing projects, there are approximately 1,549 housing units in this situation. A construction is exposed to the action of degradation agents immediately after its completion, or execution of the last service up to the point of stoppage, which can result in loss of performance, durability and service life. The external elements of a construction are the critical elements, they act as the first barrier to the action of degradation agents, their degradation causes visual discomfort and impacts the quality of the urban environment. The objective of this work is to propose a method to assess the risk to quality and cost in paralyzed constructions. To verify the risk to quality, Gaspar and Brito's methodology was adapted, where the global degradation level of the elements of a building is quantified through the degradation indicators for the non-conformities detected and selected for the study. The risk to cost is verified from the cost of recovery, when the construction is resumed. A field survey form was proposed for the standardization of the on-site survey, the characterization of non-conformities and their level of degradation. The proposed documentation covers the external construction elements: mortar coating, metal frames and roofing. The non-conformities are: staining, displating, cracking, oxidation and dehelping. For validation, the method was applied to na enterprise of 49 (forty-nine) housing, a construction started in 2012 and stopped since 2016. Checking the UH 5 of this project, a risk to quality of 185% was obtained, a risk to the cost of R $ 2,436.60, being classified as a very serious risk. The conclusion of this same HU would cost R$ 23,639.13, in 2019, adding to the services performed previously, the final cost would be R$ 40,592.22, which is equivalent to 45% more than expected in 2011, i.e., the final cost of one HU would give to build half a HU, for example, for this undertaking of 49 HU’s, would give to build another 25 HU’s.
Resistência à força cortante de lajes alveolares preenchidas de pequena altura
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-08-26) Silva, Roberta Paula Medeiros; Araújo, Daniel de Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8801080897723883; Araújo, Daniel de Lima; Almeida, Sylvia Regina Mesquita de; Ferreira, Marcelo de Araújo
The use of precast concrete elements in the construction industry reflects an evolution in constructive terms, it represents the application of the system rationalization and improvement of building techniques. In this study, it evaluates the behavior and resistance of prestressed hollow core slabs with hollow core filled at a later stage to its concrete and submitted to ruin by shear force. The influence of shrinkage of concrete filling of the hollow core, the fill extent and the number of hollow core filled in the shear strength of the hollow core slab is evaluated. Moreover, it is also evaluated, the interference of the structural layer in the shear strength of prestressed hollow core slabs. By comparing the results obtained in physical models with the results of previously published equations for hollow core slabs, it analyzes the validity of these balances between the hollow core slabs with hollow core filled at a later stage to the release of prestressing. The results show the need to change some normative models in order to adapt them to appropriate representation of the behavior of filled prestressed hollow core slabs, particularly for slabs of smaller size, which is a model widely used in Brazil, mainly in the region Centro-Oeste.
Considerações sobre o comportamento de calotas esféricas abatidas compostas de materiais elásticos
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-06-12) Oliveira, Patrícia Fernanda Silva de; Soares, Renata Machado; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1938664529309726; Soares, Renata Machado; Orlando, Diego; Silva, Frederico Martins Alves da
In this study, the behavior of a shell with a geometry described by a shallow spherical cap was analyzed, where the boundary condition involved clamping the circumference that forms its base. Both linear elastic and hyperelastic materials were used, represented by the Hooke and Neo-Hookean constitutive models, respectively. The relationships between strains and displacements were determined using the nonlinear shell theories of Novozhilov and Donnell- Mushtari-Vlasov (DMV), both adapted for spherical shells. To derive the equations based on energy models, the Rayleigh-Ritz method applied to the Potential Energy Functional was utilized. In this method, approximate functions were defined using trigonometric functions for the circumferential direction and the Legendre polynomial of the first kind for the meridional direction. The results showed that the natural frequency values were consistent with reference literature, and the nonlinear behavior obtained from the frequency versus amplitude relationship aligned with existing studies. Additionally, the static behavior was examined under a uniformly distributed load on the shell surface with a constant direction (dead load), producing curves similar to those reported in the literature for the shallow cap type considered. Finally, a parametric analysis of static and dynamic responses for different angles of the shallow cap was conducted, revealing changes in behavior with increasing angle. Moreover, it was noted that while physical nonlinearity has minimal impact on linear results, it significantly affects nonlinear results.
A influência da envoltória no conforto térmico em salas de aula em climas tropicais
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-08-29) Perillo, Paulo José Lima; Abreu-Harbich, Loyde Vieira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9845221974550386; Campos, Marcus André Siqueira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3212762899289587; Campos, Marcus André Siqueira; Brandstetter, Maria Carolina Gomes de Oliveira; Dornelles, Kelen Almeida
The well-being conditions provided by a quality school environment are fundamental to the improvement of student achievement. Promoting thermal comfort in classrooms without demanding high energy costs is a challenge in tropical regions, mainly because many buildings are adapted to receive the teaching functions. It is emphasized that wrapping plays an important role in the thermal comfort conditions in indoor environments and the retrofit of buildings needs to consider this. This work aims to analyze the influence of the thermal performance of the envelopes on thermal comfort in classrooms in two buildings of the Federal University of Goiás - Sant'Ana Unit and Areião Unit - located in the city of Goiás - GO. After analyzing the projects of the chosen buildings, two classrooms were selected in each building in the following orientations: northeast and northwest. The methods included: (a) the collection of climatic data - air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and globe temperature - in the immediate environment and in the selected environments during the year 2017; (b) research of constructive information of the buildings under analysis; (c) application of a survey to the users of the selected rooms; (d) analysis of the immediate surroundings by the transect method and insolation analysis; (e) analysis of the thermal performance of the envelopes by the descriptive method of NBR 15.575 (ABNT, 2013); (f) quantification of thermal comfort by the PMV index (AMV / PPD) and Operative Temperature and Thermal Sensations of users. In this study, 448 answers were collected among university students in the Regional City of Goiás, UFG. The data allowed concluding that the immediate environment directly influences the thermal performance of the buildings, although there were no differences in temperature within the urban area. The thermal performance of the enclosures influences the degree of satisfaction of the users, and the building that did not meet the minimum requirements of the standard presented the highest percentage of thermal discomfort. It also has been observed that many users are acclimatized to the external environment, so they are not very satisfied with the acclimatized environments. These data are very important for professionals in the area who aim to adapt educational environments to the user's thermal comfort needs.
Aplicação de material fresado em camadas granulares de pavimentos asfálticos
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-04-19) Pereira, Lara Batista Ferreira; Rezende, Lilian Ribeiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9258692609398794; Silva, João Paulo Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0335108035891884; Rezende, Lilian Ribeiro de; Santos, Eder Carlos Guedes dos; Motta, Laura Maria Goretti da
The environmental issue has become increasingly pressing, due to the awareness of the use of natural resources and the concern with the destination of the waste generated. In general, the Civil Construction Industry as significant waste generation, especially in the paving area, due to the large extension of the works. In particular, in road restoration or reconstruction works it is often necessary to remove the aged asphalt coating, thus generating a large amount of waste. In this train of thought, this research aims to analyze the behavior and performance of mixtures of lateritic soil with milled asphalt-coated material, here called Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP), both obtained in the metropolitan region of Goiânia-GO, in mixtures with different rates, for layered applications in granular layers of asphalt pavements. Therefore, the following proportions were evaluated: Mixture 1 (0% RAP; 100% Soil - Reference Mixture), Mixture 2 (25% RAP; 75% Soil), Mixture 3 (50% RAP; 50% Soil), Mixture 4 (75% RAP; 25% Soil). The research methodology included laboratory tests to characterize RAP and the lateritic soil, as well as the analysis of the mechanical performance of the proposed mixtures. Traditional soil characterization tests were performed in order to know its geotechnical characteristics to produce the proposed mixtures. For analysis of the mechanical behavior of the studied mixtures, tests were performed to determine the resilient modulus and permanent deformation. In addition, a simulation of pavement performance using the mechanistic-empirical method was developed using the MeDiNa software, developed according to technical criteria for Brazilian projects. The design was based on the results obtained from the different mixtures, for a secondary collector system road. The results obtained indicated that the addition of RAP to a lateritic soil, to improve the behavior of the material for granular layers of flexible pavement, may prove viable in some proportions. For the material analyzed, the mixture with 25% RAP had the best behavior in terms of the appearance of cracked area and a not significant worsening in terms of permanent deformation when compared to the soil without RAP addition. Finally, it was concluded that the research can contribute with knowledge in the area of transportation infrastructure in relation to the mechanistic parameters of composite mixtures of lateritic soils and RAP, enabling the implementation of solutions that are not only sustainable, but above all, technically satisfactory in the disposal of paving waste in the construction of new layers where there is a shortage of granular materials.
Método de retroanálise de parâmetros de resistência ao cisalhamento em taludes
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-01-31) Oliveira, Mariele Rodrigues de; Gitirana Júnior, Gilson de Farias Neves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4710728908810849; Gitirana Junior, Gilson De Farias Neves; Teixeira, Raquel Souza; Mascarenha, Márcia Maria dos Anjos
The back analysis of slopes that have failed is of paramount importance to identify the geotechnical parameters at the moment of sliding, implement corrective actions, and comprehend the conditions during failure to prevent similar accidents. However, the inherent difficulty in utilizing existing methods, many of which are based on trial and error, coupled with scattered and incongruent results, fosters research in this field. Physical models require extensive time and financial resources, while field and laboratory tests present significant uncertainties related to factors such as sample disturbance and mass heterogeneity. Consequently, the core of this study aimed to develop and validate a method for back analyzing shear strength parameters for slopes, homogeneous and heterogeneous, saturated and unsaturated, with circular and non-circular sliding surfaces, two-dimensional and threedimensional. In this method, an objective function named H was defined, composed of the normalized distance between the actual failure surface and a critical sliding surface (dn), as well as the variation of the safety factor (G). Optimization techniques, including Cuckoo Search and Entry and Exit critical surface methods, along with global and local optimization methods (Nelder-Mead), were employed. The effectiveness of the back analysis was demonstrated in efficiently obtaining optimal values; however, caution in the approach and validation with laboratory and field data are necessary. It was noted that the choice of optimization method along with the critical surface location method is crucial for obtaining the desired optimal parameters. For circular surfaces of saturated homogeneous slopes, global optimization methods are dispensable when using the Entry and Exit method, as methods like Nelder-Mead require fewer iterations and efficiently achieve optimal parameters. The optimization of the objective function H for saturated homogeneous slopes with non-circular surfaces required multiple iterations due to the presence of multiple local minima, accentuating the difficulty and complexity of non-circular surfaces. For unsaturated homogeneous slopes, it is recommended to employ global optimization methods, and the Entry and Exit critical surface search method yielded more satisfactory results compared to Cuckoo Search. In two-layer saturated slopes, successful minimization occurs as the most influential parameters approach optimal values. In three-dimensional slopes, optimization results showed a reduction in cohesion values and an increase in friction angles compared to the 2D benchmark.in cohesion values and an increase in friction angles compared to the 2D benchmark.
Estudo de parâmetros físico-químicos da solução do poro de argamassas com adições minerais e sua contribuição para a durabilidade
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-08-09) Santos, Aloísio Fernando Silva; Oliveira, Andrielli Morais de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9590390602101344; Matos, Oswaldo Cascudo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3336749062812376; Matos, Oswaldo Cascudo; Faria, Tulio Honório de; Ferreira, Rondinele Alberto dos Reis; Cascudo, Helena Carasek; Oliveira, Andrielli Morais de
Recent studies have shown that the durability of reinforced concrete is related to its chemical ability to maintain an alkaline environment through the porous solution. In the absence of aggressive agents, the passivation film on the steel bars remains stable. However, in the presence of chlorides or under the effect of carbonation, this protection can be interrupted and the corrosion process initiated. Therefore, it is crucial to have knowledge of the internal chemical composition of the pores in cementitious materials to mitigate these effects, especially the chemical knowledge of the free water present in these materials. The chemical analysis of the electrolytic solution present in the pores has been studied for decades. However, there are few studies that focus on cementitious materials subjected to combinations of aggressive agents and the use of mineral additions. Thus, this work aims to analyze and obtain physicochemical parameters of the pore solution in mortars with silica fume and metakaolin using different methods of extracting the internal free water, namely: pressure application extraction, ex situ leaching, in situ leaching, and equilibrium water extraction when subjected to chloride attack or accelerated carbonation, as well as both situations combined. The use of mineral additions was considered with the objective of generating different chemical parameters related to the aqueous solution in the pores since they chemically modify the entire composition and also modify the microstructure of mortars. They are widely used supplementary materials of great relevance in civil construction. pH analysis, electrical conductivity, ionic strength, dissolved solids, redox potential, and ionic chemical analysis were performed. To better understand the formation and changes in the chemical composition of the pore solution, microstructural implications were also studied in terms of thermogravimetry, FTIR, XRD, SEM, surface electrical resistivity, specific surface area, and pore volume. The different analytical techniques used to analyze the ionic composition of the pore solution were considered similar and reliable. It was observed that mineral additions contributed to the reduction of the ionic charge in the solution, while carbonation and chloride attack caused significant changes in the ions present. When these mechanisms occur in combination, the order in which they occur influences the formation of products and the quality of the pore solution. Finally, it is important to emphasize that the methods of extracting the pore solution can be used in different situations, but each one has its own limitations and requires precautions during the test. It is essential to consider these restrictions and adopt appropriate measures to ensure the reliability of the obtained results.

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