O Programa Bolsa Verde e os seus significados para os assentados e as assentadas de reforma agrária em área de proteção ambiental no nordeste goiano

Abstract

This dissertation analyzes the efficiency and effectiveness of the Bolsa Verde Environmental Conservation Support Program in the lives of Agrarian Reform settlers at the P.A Cynthia Peter in the municipality of Mambaí-GO and P.A Nova Grécia in the municipality of Posse-GO. These municipalities, together with Buritinópolis and Damianópolis, comprise the Environmental Protection Area of the Rio Vermelho Springs. The Bolsa Verde Program is structured as the result of a public social and environmental policy for traditional communities and agrarian reform settlements in Brazil. The program has sought to help combat extreme poverty and encourage Environmental Conservation. In the state of Goiás, the Bolsa Verde Program had an impact on the lives of 390 families in total and on 23 families on the APA of Nascentes do Rio Vermelho, specifically. To analyze the quarterly benefit of 300 Brazilian real in the lives of these families, I have carried out fieldwork to identify the reality of these settlers, as well as to understand the meanings of the Bolsa Verde Program for their lives. This dissertation relies on theoretical support from environmental public policies, environmental issues, territorial identity, territory and Payments for Environmental Services to understand the Bolsa Verde Program and the meanings in the lives of settlers and agrarian reform settlers in situations of socioeconomic vulnerability. During fieldwork carried out in 2018, the Bolsa Verde Program, constituted as a government policy, was interrupted. Given this situation, it was clear that the meaning of the program for beneficiary families was of essential importance for their socioeconomic reproduction and permanence in the settlements. The significance of the Bolsa Verde Program for the settlers represented yet another element in the constitution of territorial identity. For the political sphere, the end of the Bolsa Verde Program represents an interruption in the progress of environmental and social policies. An effective program for beneficiaries, through the fulfillment of the objectives and inefficient for the scenario of social and environmental public policies in Brazil, as it does not consolidate as a state policy.