Erosão urbana na bacia do córrego Santo Antônio em Aparecida de Goiânia/Goiás: análise e diretrizes para controle
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2005-04-14
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
The municipal district of Aparecida of Goiânia contains the second most important city of
the State of Goiás. It embraces 292Km2 approximately and has a population of
approximately 336.392 inhabitants (Census 2000, IBGE). Due to the conurbation with the
capital of the State, Aparecida has been registering, mainly for the last 20 years, an intense
urbanization associated to the economical and industrial growth, as a result of the process
of expansion of the city of Goiânia, which has resulted in a fast, intensive and disordered
occupation of the urban land, by people coming from several parts of the state, and from
other regions of the country, in search of work and better life conditions. The micro-basin
of the Córrego Santo Antônio, with approximately 157,39 Km2, represents 53,90% of the
total area of the municipal district, contains practically the whole urban area, possesses a
larger density of drainage channels and presents the largest number of negative
environmental impacts of the whole municipal district. In that area, among those impacts,
the occurrence of 60 lineal erosive occurrences (ravines and “boçorocas” - this last word is
spelled “ibi-çoroc” and means “torn earth” in Tupi-Guarani, a Brazilian indigenous
language) of spiritual medium and big sizes were verified, which have caused
socioeconomic damages to the city hall and the population, and have changed the
environmental quality of the municipal district. For that reason, the theme urban erosion
and that particular micro-basin have been chosen for this study aimed at investigating the
different types and distribution of the lineal erosive features and their relationships with the
conditionings of the physical environment, mainly the use and occupation, and the
readiness of urban infrastructure, so as to look for the understanding of their causes and
consequences, with a view to subsidize the control actions. In order to reach the proposed
objective, it was implemented successive phases of studies, starting by the compilation of
existent cartographic material on the components of the physical environments, treaties of
an including scale, followed by analysis of aerial pictures and of the satellite image Landsat
ETM 7 + (2003), in detail scale. Subsequent integration of the data to delimit the
homogeneous units and the forms of use and occupation capable and possible of the erosive
phenomenon, besides detailed study, in loco, of the most representative focuses were made.
Finally, by the integrated analysis of data, through crossing techniques, synthesis letters
related to the susceptibility and risk to the lineal erosion were elaborated, which gave
support to the conclusive interpretations and the proposition of preventive measures of
control that can be integrated into the urban master plan that has just been completed. The
conclusion is that most of the erosive focuses is of the ravine type, caused by the
concentration of superficial water flows, in areas naturally susceptible, where it was also
verified: lack or inadequacy of urban infrastructure, mainly with respect to micro-drainage
net; impermeability of the urban soil associated to the growing rates of construction,
paving, and inadequacy of infiltration areas such as gardens and public parks; plan and
inadequate position of lots; lack or inadequacy of appropriate technical support and/or of
funds for preventive and corrective control of the phenomenon. Such factors were related to
the absence or inadequacy of public policies for the well being of the population, in a long
run, as it happens in countless Brazilian cities, whose origin emanate from decisions made
at national level, mainly over the last four decades, as a result of the said "developmental
political model”.
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Palavras-chave
Aparecida de Goiânia , Microbacia hidrográfica urbana , Processos erosivos lineares , Suscetibilidade à erosão linear urbana , Risco à erosão linear urbana , Urban water micro-basin , Lineal erosive processes , Susceptibility to the urban lineal erosion , Risk to the urban lineal erosion , Public policies
Citação
OLIVEIRA, C. J. F. Erosão urbana na bacia do córrego Santo Antônio em Aparecida de Goiânia/Goiás: análise e diretrizes para controle. 2005. 230 f. Dissertação (mestrado em Geografia) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2005.