Estudo epidemiológico e molecular da variante Omicron do SARS-CoV-2 no Estado do Tocantins
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2024-06-25
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with COVID-19 is one of the greatest global
public health challenges, contributing to high morbidity and mortality in different age groups,
with some population segments being more affected. The emergence of new variants of the
SARS-CoV-2 virus, such as Omicron, is a reflection of selective advantage, translated as greater
transmissibility and the ability to replicate in people previously exposed to the virus. In Brazil,
the variant was very prominent, even when the numbers of immunized individuals were already
high. Therefore, this research aims to promote an epidemiological and molecular study on the
Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 in the state of Tocantins. Methods: This is an analytical
cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, conducted using SARS-CoV-2 positive
samples from the Central Laboratory of Public Health of Tocantins (LACEN-TO). The samples
were sequenced and taken to experiments in order to verify the quality of the sequencing, detect
possible mutations and identify the main variants of concern. Subsequently, phylogenetic
analysis was performed in order to observe the degree of dispersion of the most predominant
variant in the state of Tocantins. Results: In the present study, 556 samples positive for the
Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 were used. Among the results, it was observed that the state
of Tocantins presented, during the study period, about 39 lineages of the Omicron variant, some
of which were associated with a higher transmissibility rate. The biggest highlight was the
XBB.1.18.1 and XBB.1.5 subvariants, being one of the main circulating in Tocantins in 2023.
Phylogenetic analyses suggest that the state may have contributed to the dispersion of the
subvariants not only in Brazil but also in the world. Conclusions: The results of the present
study showed a high prevalence of the Omicron variant in Tocantins between December 2021
and June 2023, in addition to showing that the state may have contributed to the spread of the
XBB.1.18.1 subvariant in Brazil. Relevance and impact: It is worth noting that due to the high
frequency of mutations of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, surveillance is necessary to
identify possible new entries of the virus not only in the northern Brazilian state but also
throughout the country.
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SANTOS, M. S. Estudo epidemiológico e molecular da variante Omicron do SARS CoV-2 no Estado do Tocantins. 2024. 84 f. Tese (Doutorado em Medicina Tropical e Saúde Publica) - Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2024.