No país do mano muça, eu sou carvão: implicações socioterritoriais dos megaprojetos de mineração nas comunidades locais da província de Nampula
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2017-04-27
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
The practice of mining activity in Mozambique which, in turn, is linked to the trajectory that characterized the historical process of construction of the mozambican nation, has long been an important factor of accumulation and disputes over territory, whose development has always been permeated by processes of expropriation of lands of the native communities and, with them, their territory. In the last century, with the beginning of the process of productive restructuring of capital, was instituted a new geopolitical (dis)order wherein the capital, materialized in large multinational companies, seeks to secure new areas of influence with a relative wealth of territorial resources among them, the minerals resources. In Mozambique, these companies take the name of megaprojects. And its process of territorialization that is both contradictory and excluding, is implying in the compulsory expropriation of mozambican rural communities. Hence, this study intends to understand how the political and geopolitical strategies of the insertion of Mozambique in the world circuit of mineral production commodities are developed and what are the socio-territorial implications deriving from the action of the State and the territorialization of mining megaprojects in the local communities in Nampula. Thus, the study defends the thesis that there is a geopolitical strategy of insertion of Mozambique in the world circuit of production of mineral commodities that occurs from the process of productive restructuring of capital. Within the national territory, this process is strengthened by state political strategies, especially through land and mining laws, designed to accommodate the interests of capital in the exploitation of mineral resources in the country. In the scale of local communities in Nampula province, these strategies strive to harness social consensus through persuasion of communities and traditional leaders over relative gains and social welfare arising from the exploitation of natural wealth. Of this fact, results a process of expropriation by spoliation of communitarian territories and, consequently, the precariousness of the living conditions of the communities as a result of the joint actions perpetrated by the power of the State and by the capital materialized in the mining megaprojects. To analyze this process in the scale of Nampula province, were defined the districts of Moma and Nacala-a-Velha, two districts of the province that impacted by the megaprojects of Kenmare Moma Mining and Vale respectively. The built theoretical-methodological foundation considers the territory in its dimension of totality. In other words, an exercise in theoretical reflection was allowed to allow for the historical-dialectical analysis of social relations, more specifically the relations of power and conflict that involve the political and geopolitical strategies of appropriation of the mining territories and consequent expropriation of the communities in Mozambique; from the understanding that the time is in the territory and this, in turn, in time. The results of the study made it possible to understand that given the eagerness of both capital and the state for the exploitation of mineral resources in the country, Mozambican local communities affected by mining projects are compulsively and increasingly losing ownership and control of their land and, with them, their territories, and the precariousness of their material and immaterial conditions of life, in favor of the so-called capitalist development.
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FREI, Vanito. No país do mano muça, eu sou carvão: implicações socioterritoriais dos megaprojetos de mineração nas comunidades locais da província de Nampula. 2017. 412 f. Tese (Doutorado em Geografia) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2017.