Desafios conceituais e metodológicos na avaliação de geopatrimônios: lições do carste em arenitos de Paraúna (GO)

Abstract

Karst landscapes are traditionally associated with dissolution processes in carbonate rocks. However, similar processes may also occur in siliciclastic lithologies, such as sandstones and quartzites, constituting what is referred to as non-traditional karst. This study analyzes the geopatrimony developed under sandstone lithology in the municipality of Paraúna, Goiás, Brazil, focusing on the Serra das Galés, located within the Paraúna State Park (PEPa), and the Ponte de Pedra Private Natural Heritage Reserve. The methodology includes a literature review; morphostructural analyses using geoprocessing techniques; fieldwork with drone-based photogrammetric surveys; collection of samples for mineralogical and geochemical analyses; application of scientific value assessment forms for geosites; and the proposal of a methodology for the direct evaluation of scientific value in geopatrimonies. The results indicate that the analyzed geopatrimonies exhibit distinct morphogenetic processes. Serra das Galés represents a typical case of non-traditional karst, in which karst towers developed through arenization processes, whereas Ponte de Pedra displays a complex genesis associated with the combined action of carbonate and non-carbonate lithologies. This complexity challenges the binary distinction between traditional and non-traditional karst. The application of scientific value assessment forms revealed methodological limitations in the adequate interpretation of exceptionally rare karst systems, leading to the proposal of a more compatible methodological approach. It is concluded that the Ponte de Pedra geopatrimony constitutes a unique example of high scientific relevance, whose understanding requires integrated approaches that articulate morphogenesis, conceptual revision, and critical evaluation of valuation methodologies, thereby contributing to the improvement of geoconservation practices in the national context. Keywords: Non-traditional karst; Morphogenesis; Geosite; Assessment forms.