Ensino médio integrado, a nossa escola do trabalho: repensando a formação dos jovens brasileiros a partir dos fundamentos da pedagogia soviética e as interfaces curriculares das ciências da natureza
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2023-10-05
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
Education has always been and will remain invariably associated with the ongoing corporate project. Human
formation is part of a whole called society and not a cool entity with unrestricted transformative potential.
The change of concrete conditions goes through the transformation of this whole, also modifying the
educational processes. In Brazilian class society, sustained by dependent capitalism, working-class
education has historically constituted a dual system, where knowledge and advancement in studies are
restricted to those belonging to the dominant class, leaving young people from the exploited classes with
access to training for alienated work. Even in this context dominated by power relations, emancipatory
educational tactics emanate from the contradictory dynamics of the capitalist world, among them Integrated
Secondary Education (EMI), a curricular model present in the Federal Institutes of Education, Science and
Technology. However, in the face of attacks and counter-reforms in education intensified after the 2016
Coup, the EMI demands means for its resistance and objectification. And for the purpose of this
strengthening, through a bibliographical study, we seek in the Soviet Work School, a proposal based on
Marxian polytechnics, principles and potential foundations for the resistance process of the EMI in Brazil.
We are guided, therefore, by the following question: What principles and foundations of Soviet Pedagogy
(PS), idealized in the period from 1917 to 1930, can be rescued as references for the strengthening of the
Integrated Curriculum in the EMI, historical and contradictory form in the name of the dispute for a
Polytechnic Human Formation in Brazil? In the perspective of answering this question, this research was
based and organized by the general objective of making a study of the movement from the Curriculum with
a centrality in the Natural Sciences (singular) to Human Formation (universal) with the mediation (particular)
of PS and the EMI. After a historically referenced analysis, the topicality of PS proved to be a central
element in this process of objectifying the integrated curriculum in Brazil, enhancing both curricular
integration and aspects of polytechnics in EMI, overcoming the disciplinary and fragmented nature of
training with end in itself or training for alienated work. Finally, we understand that in the war for the
education of the working class, the strategy of integral, omnilateral or polytechnic human formation relies on
the expressive tactics of the Soviet Work School, which we have appropriated for the strengthening of our
Work School.