A mulher negra no ponto cego das políticas públicas de gênero e de raça: análise crítica da representatividade da mulher negra no Congresso Nacional
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
Black women are among the most underrepresented social groups in the National Congress, in
terms of gender and race. Party barriers, racism, sexism, and social, gender, race, or
intersectional inequalities seem to work together to limit the fair and equitable political
representation of certain population groups. In this context, this work, developed empirically,
within the scope of the professional master's degree, line of research Regulation, Effectiveness
and Constitutional Control of Public Policies, aimed to identify whether black women are in
the blind spot of public policies to promote the political participation of women and black
people and what symbolic and institutional mechanisms maintain the low representation of
black women in the National Congress. Therefore, it used two data collection techniques:
documentary research, especially with regard to data related to political representation in the
National Congress in the last two federal elections, 2018 and 2022; and semi-structured
interviews with black women candidates elected and not elected to federal legislative positions
and black women leaders of feminist and anti-racist social movements. The analysis of
qualitative content was performed using Bardin (2016) content analysis technique, with the help
of Atlas.ti software. As a result, political parties were identified in the interviews as
operationalizing obstacles to black women's access to elected political positions, revealing
exclusionary party structures and exclusionary dynamics. Regarding the difficulties faced by
black women in political campaigns, the lack of resources and lack of confidence in the ability
of black women were raised as the greatest challenges. To construct the practical-theoretical
framework of the underrepresentation of black women in the National Congress, we sought to
organize the challenges and factors correlated to the problem into two groups, symbolic
mechanisms and institutional mechanisms, in order to highlight the dual aspect of
underrepresentation. This study confirms that black women remain marginalized in institutional
politics and broadens the understanding of the problem by using intersectionality as an
analytical tool. By relating the underrepresentation of these women to that of other marginalized
groups and suggesting paths for change, the research fulfills a dual role: rigorously diagnosing
representational distortions and encouraging reflection and action to overcome these
challenges.