Imagens e mediações simbólicas no ensino de Geografia: a fotografia na aprendizagem da paisagem urbana
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2020-03-13
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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School education, and particularly the teaching of Geography, has benefitted from different languages and resources for decades as aids in the teaching and learning process. Among these didactic resources are photographs. Several researches and authors attest to their potential in learning, as they can promote the reading of the world and the understanding of the geographical space. Therefore, the visual dimension is part of Geography, which uses representations to help understand spatial order, phenomena and geographical processes. Based on this interpretative horizon, this thesis sought to understand how images - as didactic resources - participate in the teaching and learning process of Geography and act in the formation of concepts and geographical thought, specifically when teaching and learning the urban landscape. The present research is configured in a qualitative approach, with methodological dimensions of action-research and collaborative. It is considered the assumptions of the historical-cultural theory, having as premise to understand the material practices of the subjects, historical beings, inserted in a cultural context, from their places, their discourses, representations and meanings. Some concepts proposed by Vigotski are detailed (such as symbolic mediation, the general genetic law of cultural development and higher psychological functions) and, also, through other collaborators who continued their work, that is, authors who perform the interpretation of his work with related perspectives. The empirical research was carried out in four schools, in two cities in the western and southwestern region of Paraná, consisting of four stages (class observations, interviews with teachers, development of a study group and discussion, implementation of a didactic course with students of the 7th grade of Elementary School). From the different instruments used (observation, field diary, interviews, image records), through the analysis and interpretation of data, the following thesis is defended: the photographic images, inserted in the educational process, are mediation resources (semiotics, didactic, cognitive) for learning. In addition to simple didactic resources, the visual means are used to enhance the teaching and learning process of Geography, capable of mobilizing cognitive operations aiming at the development of a geographical thought, with and through images. When following the implementation of the didactic path with the young schoolchildren, it was found that the images served to constitute the students' arguments, and the thought elaborated by some of them, with the mediation of the photographs, was developed through the analysis of the forms present in the image, expanding their reflection on the landscape, the urban space. It is postulated that the image offers elements that only at the moment of its reading (pause and distancing), and its analysis are perceived and questioned, residing in this exercise the action of the sign interpreter who, when reading the photograph, assigns senses / meanings and elaborates his thought.
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PIRES, Mateus M. Imagens e mediações simbólicas no ensino de Geografia: a fotografia na aprendizagem da paisagem urbana. 2020. 258 f. Tese (Doutorado em Geografia) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2020.