Direitos humanos no universo da catação de recicláveis de Goiânia: a economia solidária como construção da emancipação social ou inclusão marginal?

Abstract

The present study consists an analysis about the enterprises of collectors of recyclable materials from Goiânia, by the perspective of guarantee of human and social rights of workers. The objective was to analyze the possibilities of the solidarity economy being a promoter for workers´ social emancipation and for their organizations, as well as to understand possible obstacles, such as the critique of the marginal inclusion. The study starts, firstly, from the analysis about the history of origin and the foundations of the cooperativism and the solidarity economy in the world, and its emergence and development in Brazil. After the unemployment´s crises in the 90's, there is a resurgence of the solidarity economy in the country as a possibility of a new workers´ insertion in the market. One of the groups that have relied on solidarity organizations is the one of collectors of recyclable materials. However, bringing a different story from the other groups: with a trajectory of exclusion, marginality and permeated by stigma, the recyclable material collectors will seek in the context of recycling a way of developing a work activity. In seeking to overcome the barriers of prejudice, the collector emerged as the protagonist of his own history in the recycling universe, starting from the union in popular cooperatives based on self-management, democratic management and solidarity, with the support of entities such as social incubators linked to universities. From the field research, through observation and interviews, the aim was to construct the general characterization of the four cooperatives surveyed in the city of Goiânia, and the possibilities of building the social emancipation, starting from the idea that it is through the union of men that builds the possibility of change. The enterprises under study, organized on the solidarity economy bases, have strong self-management practices and possibilities for building social emancipation, and, as a consequence, the promotion of the human and social rights of the members.