Desenvolvimento radicular da cana-de-açúcar em latossolo vermelho da depressão intermontana de Ceres
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2021-02-24
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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The culture of sugarcane has an impacting socio-economic importance in the Brazilian economic profile, being mainly used as raw material for ethanol. With government funding and private sector investment, the crop currently occupies about 8,409,900 hectares, with the State of Goiás having the second largest cultivation area with 965,000 hectares. The State of Goiás has aspects of relief, climate and soil favorable to the extensive cultivation of sugarcane, which, together with the modernization of the field, allowed the implementation of high technology throughout its production chain. With the heavy traffic of machinery and poor handling performed on the ground, substantial losses of productivity end up, and consequently, economic losses. In order to improve the yield in the field and go beyond the physical-chemical characteristics of the soil, it is proposed to study the root system of the crop, to better understand the effects of soil management on growth and root dynamics. There are few studies and scientific references in this area, mainly due to the difficulty of studying roots in loco. With the advancement of technology, new ways of assessing root development have emerged, one of which is based on the installation of acrylic tubes in the soil, where readings will be performed with a scanner that images the soil surface, allowing to identify the development of the roots. The objective of the present work is to evaluate the growth factors, mortality and regeneration of sugarcane roots and the effects of soil management on the crop. The experiment was carried out in an experimental area at Usina Jalles Machado, in Latossolo Vermelho, located in the municipality of Goianésia. The design used was in randomized blocks, with three varieties of sugarcane (RB987935, RB985476 and RB034045) with 3 repetitions each. For the purpose of comparing soil management, deformed and undisturbed soil samples were collected, and various physical aspects of the soil were analyzed, such as soil density, macro and microporosity, gravimetric humidity, weighted average diameter and geometric mean diameter, in addition to chemical analysis in the soil. 0-0.10, 0,10-0.20, 0.20-0.40 and 0.80-0.90 m layers. The results were subjected to analysis of variance and analyzed by Tukey's test at 5% probability when significant. Soil chemistry analyzes showed that macros and micronutrients are at adequate levels of development, as well as pH. The results of soil physics, demonstrated that the evaluated layer of 0.10-0.20 m, presented higher results of soil density and resistance to penetration, which is limiting to root development. The root development of the studied varieties occurred in a homogeneous way, without great variations between them, mainly due to the homogeneity of the studied area. Initially in the dry season, the roots showed difficulties to develop, which changed when the rainy season started, regardless of the physical conditions of the soil. Under homogeneous conditions of climate, soil and management, the root system of the sugarcane varieties RB034045, RB985476 and RB987935 develop differently. Among the varieties analyzed, the average values of the attributes of growth and development of the root system of sugarcane present a more homogeneous distribution in depth.
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MEDRADO, L. C. Desenvolvimento radicular da cana-de-açúcar em latossolo vermelho da depressão intermontana de Ceres. 2021. 103 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronomia) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2021.