A Representação da história em Moçambique: uma análise crítica da ideologia Marxista-leninista da Frelimo no Ensino de História

Abstract

This dissertation draws on the historical roots of Pan-Africanism, negritude and the USSR's support for the struggle for African independence to understand the ideological choices made by Frelimo, which consolidated in the 1970s amid the rise of African socialism. This research conducts a critical analysis of the presence and effects of Marxist-Leninist ideology on history teaching in Mozambique, investigating how its residual traces continue to shape curricula and methodologies in the liberal period (1990 to 2023), based on the verification of the representation of this ideology in current teaching resources and pedagogical practices. Based on bibliographic analyses and fieldwork carried out in the Francisco Manyanga, Josina Machel and Polana secondary schools, the study highlights tensions between official narratives and plural perspectives of official history. At the same time, it proposes innovative pedagogical approaches that promote a more balanced, critical and inclusive view of Mozambique's history, valuing the diversity of narratives that make up the society of the country in this liberal period. Thus, the dissertation not only sheds light on the mechanisms of the permanence of Marxist-Leninist ideology in history teaching, but also offers viable paths for the construction of a historical education that is dialogical with pluralism and contemporary challenges.