O muro (in)transponível para a consciência: implicações da alienação para o desenvolvimento do psiquismo na dialética consciente-inconsciente

Abstract

The present dissertation aims to understand the implications of alienation in the development of human psyche in its conscious-unconscious dialectic. The ng hypothesis is that capitalism, through alienation, creates a “wall” that hinders unconscious content from passing into consciousness, in a way it alters the functioning of this dialectical dynamic. Therefore, the research was guided by Historical-Cultural Psychology (HCP) and Marxist references. The methodology could not be other than historical-dialectical materialism; the methodologic procedures were text research and reading, culminating in the development of 3 chapters. The first chapter systematized the concept of alienation in Marx, with contributions from Marxists, starting from the historical construction of this category, its relation to work in the development of humanity and how it is historically unraveled with the process of commodification that is universalized in capitalism through private property and social division of labor, down to the specificities of the current productive organization. Afterwards, it weaved its relation with ideology, fetish and reification and ended with revolutionary perspectives for overcoming it. The second chapter was constructed in order to understand the development of the psyche in its entirety, based on Vygotsky, one of the precursors of HCP, as well as continuators of his theory. Thus, reinforcing the perspective of psychic constitution in direct relation to the existing mode of production. Furthermore, the development of the higher psychological functions, such as language, thought, emotion and volition, which have an intimate relationship with the regulatory function of the conscious-unconscious dynamic, was elucidated. The third chapter aimed at understanding consciousness, the unconscious and their dynamic relationship (dialectic and split). Finally, a strong indication was found that in the face of alienation, especially in its intensification in contemporary capitalism, there is, in the psyche of the working class, a relationship of domination-subordination, where the unconscious senses seem to thrive in the face of the regulation of consciousness in the development of the psyche. To face this reality, the appropriation of proletarian ideology was defended through education, participation in social movements and overcoming alienation with the revolution and the end of class society. It was also pointed out the need for new studies that deepen this dynamic at a theoretical level in other HCP authors and within Vygotsky's own work; in addition to giving particular contours of its manifestation.