Bioinsumos na agricultura brasileira: politicas públicas e marco regulatório

Abstract

"Bioinputs in Brazilian Agriculture: Public Policies and Regulatory Framework" presents a critical study of the key ongoing public policies and the regulatory framework for the bioinputs sector, which is still in the process of consolidation. The thesis aims to develop practical approaches that enable the understanding and evaluation of public policies related to the bioinputs sector in Brazil. Divided into three complementary articles, the thesis first addresses "Bioeconomy and the Brazilian Agribusiness – Perspectives and Challenges of the National Bioinputs Program," highlighting the interrelationship between the program and the National Agricultural Policy and the need for sustainable production mechanisms. The second article, "Public Policies: An Evaluation of the State of Goiás Bioinputs Program," proposes a theoretical approach for evaluating public policies aimed at expanding the use of bioinputs, analyzing the effectiveness, efficiency, and impact of the Goiás program. The third article, "Regulatory Framework for the Bioinputs Sector in Brazil: Evaluation of Bills 658/2021 and 3,668/2021," offers a critical analysis of the bills under discussion, seeking to understand the validity and impact of the proposed regulations. The general objective of the research is to analyze and understand the role of public policies and the regulatory framework in promoting and strengthening the use of bioinputs in Brazilian agriculture. Specifically, the thesis aims to analyze the actions of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Food Supply (MAPA) and the potential advancement of Brazilian agribusiness towards a more competitive and sustainable production system, propose a theoretical approach to evaluate public policies related to bioinputs in the State of Goiás, and contribute to the construction of the regulatory framework for the sector, positioning bioinputs regulation within the Brazilian legal system. The research involved a literature review for the first and second articles, prioritizing studies published after 2020 that addressed public policies, bioinputs, sustainability in agriculture, and the evaluation of government programs in the agricultural sector. For the second article, qualitative and quantitative methods were combined with a case study to analyze the impacts of the State of Goiás Bioinputs Program, using adapted questionnaires and comprehensive document analysis, including the Federal Constitution, national legislation, and documents from the National Congress. In the third article, a comparative analysis was conducted between the bills that compose the regulatory framework, in addition to extensive document analysis. The main findings indicate that the National Bioinputs Program faces significant challenges for its consolidation, particularly regarding the definition of a regulatory framework for the sector. The research also revealed that the State of Goiás Bioinputs Program was effective in aligning with the state agricultural policy but faces difficulties in becoming more efficient and impactful. The comparative analysis of Bills No. 658/2021 and No. 3,668/2021 highlighted significant differences and suggested revisions to contribute to the construction of the national regulatory framework. The research identifies barriers such as a lack of planning and management through indicators and proposes practical solutions to guide the revision and formulation of public policies. It also aids in highlighting key points of discussion in the legal framework and suggests applicable improvements for the creation of a regulatory environment that supports sustainable development through the expanded use of bioinputs. The thesis offers a valuable contribution to academia, policymakers, and the productive sector, encouraging the sustainable development of Brazilian agribusiness.