Etnoeconomia quilombola desde o Brasil: entraves para a exploração e proteção do patrimônio cultural

Abstract

The contemporary appreciation of traditional cultures has highlighted the importance of the ways of life, knowledge, and productive practices of quilombola peoples and communities as integral components of Brazilian cultural heritage. However, a persistent tension remains between the legal recognition of these assets and the effective protection and integration of their economic and symbolic dimensions. The central research problem consists in understanding the legal and institutional obstacles that hinder the sustainable use and effective protection of quilombola cultural heritage, especially given the lack of articulation between cultural law, agrarian law, and the solidarity economy. The study adopts a qualitative, bibliographic, and analytical approach, based on a critical reading of Brazilian cultural and territorial policies considering the concept of ethnodevelopment, formulated by Batalla (1982), Stavenhagen (1985), and Little (2002), and the concept of ethnoeconomy. These theoretical frameworks allow an understanding of the quilombola economy as a practice of productive, cultural, and community autonomy, grounded in reciprocity and in the social function of culture. The study concludes that the effectiveness of quilombola rights requires a revision of legal dogmatics and the adoption of an intercultural paradigm in which cultural heritage is recognized as an instrument of respect for territorialities, collective dignity, and decolonial emancipation.