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Item Aceitabilidade e qualidade físico-química de paçocas elaboradas com amêndoa de baru(Alexsander Seleguini, 2012-06-30) Santos, Grazielle Gebrim; Silva, Mara Reis; Lacerda, Diracy Betânia Cavalcante Lemos; Martins, Denise Mendes de Oliveira; Almeida, Rogério de AraújoAn Savannah, is used for producing cereal bars, cookies, and other typical dishes from the Goiás State (Brazil) gastronomy. This study aimed to evaluate the physical and chemical features, as well as acceptability, of paçoca (a typical Brazilian sweet made from peanuts) made from baru nuts. The control was processed by using only peanuts and the tests comprised proportions of peanut and baru nuts of 75:25, 50:50, and 25:75, respectively. The processed sweets were submitted to sensory, physical, and proximate analyses. The roasted baru nuts showed higher fiber and ash contents than the roasted peanut. The percent increase of baru nuts in the paçoca reduced its lipids content, total energetic value, and overall acceptance, and increased its fiber concentration. Its mass, diameter, and thickness were not affected with the partial substitution of peanuts by baru nuts. Paçocas made with 25% of baru nuts showed the best results for global acceptance and presented the lowest energetic density and the highest total dietary fiber concentration, when compared to the one traditionally made from peanuts.Item Ambientes de ocorrência natural de macaúba(Alexsander Seleguini, 2011-12-30) Teles, Héria de Freitas; Pires, Larissa Leandro; Garcia, José; Rosa, Juliano Queiroz Santana; Farias, João Gaspar; Naves, Ronaldo VelosoAcrocomia aculeata, a palm tree common in the Brazilian Savannah region, has been increasingly drawing attention for its high fruit yield and several uses, such as food for humans, fodder, and oil source. The objective of this research was to characterize natural A. aculeata environments in the central and southern Goiás State, Brazil. Ten areas, in seven municipalities (Santa Cruz de Goiás, São Miguel do Passa Quatro, São Francisco de Goiás, Paraúna, Jandaia, Indiara, and Jaraguá), were selected. Soil samples made up of ten subsamples were used for chemical and physical characterization of each area, and toposequences were briefly described and classified. Climatic data were obtained from the National Institute of Meteorology through climate normals. Descriptive statistics and correlations among soil fertility variables were calculated. Data showed that A. aculeata occurs in soils with more than 50% of base saturation, considered eutrophic, with medium to high fertility and high potassium levels. Its populations are present in areas with total annual rainfall of 1,300-1,700 mm and corrected annual average air temperature of 21.5-22.5ºC. Areas with a predominance of cambisols and neosols, with medium texture and in the convex slope, talus, and concave slope of the landscape presented higher plant density.Item Análise econômica de diferentes práticas culturais na cultura do milho (zea mays l.)(Alexsander Seleguini, 2008-12-30) Aguiar, Renata Alves de; Silveira, Pedro Marques da; Moreira, José Aloísio Alves; Wander, Alcido ElenorThe aim of this study was to economically assess different crop management practices for corn cultivation, involving soil management with the utilization of cover crops, hybrid breeds and nitrogen levels in topdressing, to estimate the benefit-costratio (BCR) of different practices. The corn experiment was planted at the beginning of February, in the Embrapa Arroz e Feijão research station, on a Distrophic Red Latosol. The experimental design was completely randomized blocks, with three replications and sub-subdivided plots. The plots were formed by four types of soil management: direct planting of corn on black mucuna stubble; on crotalaria stubble; and on spontaneous vegetation (fallow), and planting of corn in the conventional tillage system. The subplots were formed by five levels of nitrogen in topdressing (0 kg ha-1, 45 kg ha-1, 90 kg ha-1, 180 kg ha-1, and 360 kg ha-1) and the sub-subplots by four corn hybrids (BRS 3003, AG 1051, Green Maize HT-1, and Green Maize HT-2). The benefit-cost-analysis was performed on the basis of prices of inputs and operations collected on April 2007, using an Excel sheet. The practices with a BCR of more than 1.0 were considered economically viable. Considering BCR, the best soil management option was the fallow, without any addition of nitrogen in topdressing, followed by the system of conventional tillage, with 45 kg ha-1 of nitrogen in topdressing.Item Antioxidant potential of psidium guinnensis s. jam during storage(Alexsander Seleguini, 2012-03-30) Damiani, Clarissa; Silva, Flávio Alves da; Ramirez Asquieri, Eduardo; Lage, Moacir Evandro; Vilas Boas, Eduardo Valério de BarrosA geleia de araçá é uma alternativa promissora de expansão do consumo deste fruto, além de agregar valor ao mesmo e promover a divulgação dos frutos do Cerrado brasileiro. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar as características físicas e químicas da geleia de araçá e avaliar a presença e comportamento dos compostos antioxidantes e cor, durante 12 meses de armazenamento. Os resultados obtidos da composição centesimal, açúcares, fibras, pectina e consistência mostraram que o uso do araçá foi adequado para a produção de geleias e que o produto se manteve dentro dos padrões estabelecidos pela legislação brasileira. A acidez total, compostos fenólicos, parâmetros de cor e ácidos orgânicos reduziram-se durante o armazenamento, contudo, o pH e o potencial antioxidante aumentaram, durante um ano de estocagem. Assim, concluiu-se que a geleia de araçá é um produto com boas características nutricionais, que apresenta bons níveis de compostos antioxidantes, durante o armazenamento, e atende às exigências do consumidor moderno, ou seja, praticidade e saudabilidade.Item Atributos bioquímicos em dois solos de cerrado sob diferentes sistemas de manejo e uso(Alexsander Seleguini, 2008-12-30) Carneiro, Marco Aurélio Carbone; Assis, Paula Camylla Ramos; Melo, Lidianne Bárbara de Carvalho; Pereira, Hamilton Seron; Paulino, Helder Barbosa; Silveira Neto, Américo Nunes daSoil biochemical attributes can be used as sensitive indicators of alterations promoted by agricultural use, being a tool to guide tillage practices planning and evaluation to maintain soil sustainability. The objective of this study was to evaluate alterations in the soil organic carbon, biomass and microbial activity, urease and acid phosphatase activity, in two savannah soils, as affected by soil management systems. The study consisted of five soil management systems in a Typic Quartzipsamment, four in an Oxisol, and reference areas without alterations in the two soil types. The management systems changed the biochemical attributes of both soils. The Typic Quartzipsamment area under the soybean/Brachiaria decumbens sequence decreased the soil organic carbon and the microbial biomass carbon, and increased the respiration and qCO2, while the Oxisol, in all the areas, except for pasture, promoted reductions in the biochemical attributes. Among the management systems studied, the pasture provided improvements in the evaluated attributes, in both soils.Item Atributos de solo sob pastejo rotacionado em função da aplicação de cama de peru(Alexsander Seleguini, 2012-09-30) Pinto, Flávio Araújo; Santos, Franciane Lemes dos; Terra, Flávia Dias; Ribeiro, Diego Oliveira; Sousa, Renata Rodrigues Jardim; Souza, Edicarlos Damacena de; Carneiro, Marco Aurélio Carbone; Paulino, Helder BarbosaItem Avanço do setor sucroalcooleiro e expansão da fronteira agrícola em Goiás(Alexsander Seleguini, 2011-09-30) Silva, Adriana Aparecida; Miziara, FaustoThe Brazilian territory occupation dynamics presents patterns defined by literature as “fronts”. A previous process refers to an Agricultural Frontier characterized by the transformation movement towards its using form, based on new technologies implementation. This study aimed to understand the recent sugar cane expansion process in the Goiás State, Brazil, assuming that the sucroalcohol sector progress represents a new stage in the Agricultural Frontier expansion. Cartographic products, as well as data on sugar refineries supplied by the Brazilian Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, which were manipulated with the aid of the GIS ArcMap 9.2 and statistically treated by the Excel’s charts editor, were used. This study was based on the sugar cane expansion pattern representation between 2005 and 2010, besides the discussion on sugar refineries location, concerning their current spatial pattern. Finally, the soil use dynamics between 2002 and 2009, focusing on the sugar cane implementation areas, was evaluated. The data allowed to deduce that the Goiás State takes part in this new Agricultural Frontier expansion process, in which, opposing what is politically stated, the expansion occurs mainly on Savannah and consolidated agricultural areas towards a center-southeast axis, which represents the same Agricultural Frontier expansion in the 1970’s, especially with grains, particularly soybean.Item Características físico-químicas de extratos de arroz integral, quirera de arroz e soja(Alexsander Seleguini, 2011-09-30) Carvalho, Webber Tavares de; Reis, Renata Cunha dos; Velasco, Poliana; Soares Júnior, Manoel Soares; Bassinello, Priscila Zaczuk; Caliari, MárcioHydrosoluble extracts are vegetable drinks with a commercial nutritional appeal, concerning health aspects, like absence of animal fats and high minerals contents. This study aimed to compare the physical and chemical characteristics of whole rice, broken rice, and soybean hydrosoluble extracts. The analyses (in triplicate) were pH, soluble solids content, moisture, ashes, proteins, lipids, total carbohydrates, calcium, magnesium, cupper, manganese, iron, zinc, and caloric value. The broken rice extract presented the highest carbohydrates content (3.17 g 100 g-1) and the lowest value for ashes (0.58 g 100 g-1), proteins (0.73 g 100 g-1), lipids (0.41 g 100 g-1), and caloric value (17.28 kcal 100 g-1), while the whole rice extract showed the highest pH (6.77) and intermediate values for calcium (1.2 mg 100 g-1) and magnesium (1.69 mg 100 g-1). The soybean extract presented the highest contents of all minerals, ashes (0.84 g 100 g-1), proteins (2.51 g 100 g-1), lipids (1.05 g 100 g-1), and caloric value (68.34 kcal 100 g-1), but the lowest value for carbohydrates (2.62 g 100 g-1). Despite its lower nutritional value, when compared to the soybean extract, the whole and broken rice extracts can be viable alternatives for replacing milk or soybean extract, by people with any kind of lactose intolerance or soybean protein allergy.Item Consórcio e sucessão de milho e feijão-de-porco como alternativa de cultivo sob plantio direto(Alexsander Seleguini, 2011-09-30) Collier, Leonardo Santos; Kikuchi, Fábio Yoshyiuki; Benício, Luiz Paulo Figueredo; Sousa, Sérgio Alves deThe use of leguminous species under no-till system can increase the N content, decreasing the use of nitrogenous fertilizers. However, in ecosystems such as the Brazilian Savannah, the fast decomposition of their straw can result in a deficient soil cover, which can be avoided by intercropping them with a gramineous plant, such as maize. This study aimed to evaluate maize yield; macronutrients contents, with jack beans (Canavalia ensiformis) as green fertilizer and intercropped under no-till system; and rates of crop residues decomposition. The experimental design was split-plot randomized blocks, with four replications, and treatments evaluated per plot were: jack beans sown in October, followed by maize, in December; jack beans sown with maize, in December; maize sown in December, without jack beans, under rice straw; and maize without previous straw, under infesting plants residues dried up at the moment of planting. For split-plots, two N mineral doses were used (75 kg ha-1 and 150 kg ha-1), and, outside delineation, an additional treatment with single jack beans was applied. Treatments with leguminous species did not present significant effect on maize yield and macronutrients content, but there was higher efficiency index per area, with no competitive effect on maize yield. There was no difference among the N doses, allowing nitrogenous fertilizing reduction. Jack beans, as cover crop or intercropped with maize, did not affect macronutrients composition on the aerial part of leguminous species.Item Controle químico da brusone em arroz de terras altas: efeitos nos fungos não alvos do filoplano(Alexsander Seleguini, 2012-03-30) Gonçalves, Fábio José; Silva, Gisele Barata da; Filippi, Marta Cristina Corsi de; Araújo, Leila Garcês deUpland rice blast significantly affects yield, requiring one or two fungicides applications to control it. However, the effect of fungicides on beneficial fungi and on fungi not targeted by rice phylloplane are unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of fungicides on panicle blast control, on fungi not targeted by rice phylloplane, and to study the antibiosis of fungi not targeted by M. oryzae. A field experiment was conducted by using two cultivars (Primavera and Bonança), four fungicides (trifloxistrobina + propiconazol, azoxistrobina, tebuconazol, and triciclazol) and a control, with a randomized blocks design, in a split-plot scheme, and four replications. The panicle blast severity, leaf chlorophyll content, number of colony-forming units cm-² of leaf area, and antibiosis were assessed. The Primavera cultivar showed higher panicle blast severity than Bonança. The fungicides azoxistrobina and trifloxistrobina + propiconazol significantly differed from the control, showing the lowest panicle blast severities. The fungicides did not affect the chlorophyll content, but differences were noticed between the cultivars. The fungicides tebuconazol, trifloxistrobina + propiconazol, and azoxistrobina significantly reduced the phylloplane fungi, concerning the control. The triciclazol did not differ from the control, showing the highest number of colony-forming units cm-² of leaf area. Among the four fungi tested, only Epicoccum sp. showed antagonism to M. oryzae.Item Determinação de incremento de altura de camalhão na integração terraço-estrada(Alexsander Seleguini, 2012-03-30) Rabelo, Max Well de Oliveira; Griebeler, Nori PauloHydric erosion is one of the major causes of agricultural land degradation, resulting in economic, social, and environmental losses. Conservation practices are important tools to reduce erosion risks and their correct design is fundamental to success. Models for designing both rural roads and terraces systems are currently used, however, their integration is not available. The integration of terracing systems and runoff coming from roads, although recommended and utilized, can increase erosion risk and terraces disruption, without a proper dimensioning practice. So, this study aimed to develop aterrace-road integration model and a calculation routine that allows this integration. The routine was used for sizing anintegrated conservation system. The results show that although in some terraces the increase in height is small, dimensioning is necessary, because it allows to identify the critical points of integration, and, without it, the terrace would go through storage problems. It was concluded that the methodology presented made possible to calculate the increase in the recommended height for terraces, as a viable alternative, with a small increase in the terrace height. The calculation routine application was simple, but the development of computational tools would facilitate its use and reduce miscalculation risksItem Diagnose nutricional pelos métodos Dris e faixas de concentração para algodoeiro cultivado sob cerrado(Alexsander Seleguini, 2011-06-30) Souza, Roberta de Freitas; Leandro, Wilson Mozena; Silva, Noé Barroso da; Cunha, Paulo César Ribeiro da; Ximenes, Paulo AlcanforBrazil is the fourth largest cotton exporter and fifth largest producer in the world, however, it is predominantly cultivated under savannah soils, which present natural nutrients limitations. The objective of this study was to diagnose the nutritional factors that most limit high cotton yields, by using leaf analysis interpreted with the aid of the DRIS and sufficiency ranges techniques. So, forty-eight leaf samples were collected in a commercial area of Silvânia, Goiás State, Brazil. Ten cotton leaves were collected to a compound sample, at the full flowering stage (90 day after seeding). For interpreting the leaf analyses results, by using the DRIS technique, indexes for each nutrient from each sample were calculated, according to Alvarez & Leite (1992). For the sufficiency range interpretation, standard values were used. Both methods evaluated N, S, B, and Zn as the most limiting nutrients. The DRIS method showed higher sensibility for diagnosing nutritional deficiencies, especially for the B and Zn micronutrients.Item Doces de corte formulados com casca de manga(Alexsander Seleguini, 2011-09-30) Damiani, Clarissa; Almeida, Ana Cláudia Silva de; Ferreira, Juliana; Ramirez Asquieri, Eduardo; Vilas Boas, Eduardo Valério de Barros; Silva, Flávio Alves daConcerning the mango industrial processing, skin is a disposal component. However, it can be used as a nutrient source in many by-products.The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of sweets formulated with 0% (control), 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of mango skin in substitution to the mango (Mangifera indica L. cv. Haden) pulp. The quality features evaluated were: moisture, ashes, proteins, lipids, total carbohydrates, total sugars, reducing and non-reducing sugars, pH, total acidity, titratable and citric acid acidity, total soluble solids, fibers (total, soluble, and insoluble), antioxidants, microbiological features, and sensorial acceptability (appearance, aroma, flavor, and color). For the sweets formulated with mango skin, significantly higher levels of minerals (ashes), pH, dietary fiber, soluble solids, and sucrose were observed. Furthermore, the increase of mango skin in the formulations also increased the antioxidant activity, what suggests that the mango skin is an alternative source of natural antioxidants. The microbiological analyses results were satisfactory for all treatments, according to established standards. For the sensorial aspect, there was a good consumer acceptance, with notes above 7, for aspect, flavor, color, and aroma. Therefore, the partial or total substitution of the mango pulp by mango skin, for the formulation of Haden mango sweet is a viable alternative, when considered its nutritional, sensorial, and microbiological aspects.Item Eficiência de métodos para o cálculo de coeficientes do tanque classe A na estimativa da evapotranspiração de referência(Alexsander Seleguini, 2013-06-30) Cunha, Paulo César Ribeiro da; Nascimento, Jorge Luiz do; Silveira, Pedro Marques da; Alves Júnior, JoséThe class A pan coefficients (Kp) can be determined with several methods, most based on wind speed, relative humidity and conditions and extension of the border which circles the pan. This study aimed at evaluating the performance of methods used for estimating the Kp, as well as an average and constant Kp (0.70), to evaluate the reference evapotranspiration (ET0) under Brazilian Savannah conditions, in Santo Antônio de Goiás, Goiás State, Brazil. The methods were assessed on an annual basis and during the dry and rainy seasons. The ET0 resulting from the class A pan evaporation, multiplied by the Kp values estimated with the aid of the Doorenbos & Pruitt (1977), Cuenca (1989), Snyder (1992), Pereira et al. (1995) and Allen et al. (1998) methods, were compared with the ET0 estimated by using the Penman-Montheit equation. The coefficients of determination (r2), correlation (r), Willmott index of agreement (d) and performance (c), as well as the mean and maximum absolute errors, were also estimated. Considering the weather conditions during the experiment, the best Kp method to estimate the annual ET0 was the one proposed by Pereira et al. (1995). For the dry season, the method proposed by Cuenca (1989) performed better, while, for the rainy season, all methods showed a low performance, with the Pereira et al. (1995) method being the most efficient one. The use of a constant Kp of 0.70 resulted in a good performance and showed to be a practical option, however, it is necessary to determine it where it will be applied.Item Emergência de plântulas de pequizeiro em função da planta matriz e uso de ácido giberélico(Alexsander Seleguini, 2012-12-30) Leão, Érica Fernandes; Peixoto, Nei; Morais Júnior, Odilon Peixoto deItem Escala diagramática para avaliação da severidade da mancha alvo em folhas de pepineiro(Alexsander Seleguini, 2011-09-30) Teramoto, Adriana; Aguiar, Renata Alves; Garcia, Riccely Ávila; Martins, Marise Cagnin; Cunha, Marcos GomesThe lack of a diagrammatic scale to evaluate the cucumber target spot, caused by Corynespora cassiicola, led to the development of an assessment system for a faster and more reliable way to quantify this disease. So, a diagrammatic scale was elaborated considering the maximum and minimum severity limits of the disease observed in the field. The intermediate values followed logarithmic increments for the target spot symptoms (0.3%, 0.8%, 2%, 5%, 11.5%, 25%, and 46%). For validating the scale, eight raters quantified the disease severity on fifty leaves infected with different levels of the disease. Initially, the severity estimation was carried out without the aid of the scale. Then, the same raters used it to estimate the severity on the same leaves previously assessed. Assessments with the aid of the diagrammatic scale were more precise and accurate, according to most of the raters. The proposed diagrammatic scale was considered adequate to estimate the target spot severity in cucumber leaves, and it can be used in epidemiologic studies and in evaluation strategies for controlling this disease.Item Estabilidade oxidativa de amêndoas de noz macadâmia secas por micro-ondas com ar quente(Alexsander Seleguini, 2011-06-30) Silva, Flávio Alves da; Gonçalves, Lireny Aparecida Guaraldo; Damiani, Clarissa; Gonçalves, Maria Ássima Bittar; Soares Júnior, Manoel Soares; Marsaioli Júnior, AntonioThe macadamia tree (Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche) produces a nut of highly commercial value, distinguishable from other nuts by its delicate flavour and oil quality. This study aimed to compare the oxidative stability of dried nuts, with the application of hot air microwave energy, in relation to conventional drying. The analyses were performed at the beginning stage (time zero), at 90 days, and 180 days of storage, to evaluate the percentage of free fatty acids, peroxide values, induction period, fatty acid composition, and tocopherol/ tocotrienol content. The percentage of free fatty acids varied from 0.095 (MW1) to 0.124 (MW3) and from 0.123 to 0.148 (CVL); peroxide values (meq O2 kg-1 oil) ranged from 0.77 (MW2) to 2.57 (MW1) and from 1.52 to 3.29 (CVL); the induction period (h) from 16.7 (MW2) to 13.6 (MW4) and from 11.9 to 10.6 (CVL); and the α-tocotrienol (mg 100 g-1) content from 1.75 to 2.19 (MW1) and from 2.14 to 2.19 (CVL), for microwave and conventional drying, respectively. The fatty acid composition values did not change during storage, in relation to the drying processes applied. The microwaves drying method was more efficient, regarding the macadamia nuts oxidative stability, when compared to the conventional drying method.Item Florestas estacionais no cerrado: uma visão geral(Alexsander Seleguini, 2011-09-30) Pereira, Benedito Alísio da Silva; Venturoli, Fábio; Carvalho, Fabrício AlvimSeasonal forests cover about 15% of the Brazilian Savannah and are among the most degraded and fragmented vegetation types in this biome. This study aimed to provide an overview of the current knowledge on these forests and disseminate information that can contribute to the amplification and deepening of previous studies. It shows that previous studies have already explained a large amount of questions raised by earlier researchers, but that the knowledge on some important aspects still remains incomplete. The anthropogenic activities reduction in the remaining areas, as well as the restoration of connectivity between fragments and the development of sustainable exploitation methods, were pointed out as major challenges to be faced by people involved in the study and management of these forests.Item Fontes, formas de aplicação e doses de nitrogênio em feijoeiro irrigado sob plantio direto(Alexsander Seleguini, 2011-03-30) Cunha, Paulo César Ribeiro da; Silveira, Pedro Marques da; Ximenes, Paulo Alcanfor; Souza, Roberta de Freitas; Alves Júnior, José; Nascimento, Jorge Luiz doThe loss of nitrogen by ammonia volatilization is the main factor responsible for the low utilization of urea, especially when applied to the soil surface. This experiment evaluated the efficiency of urea containing 0,045% of NBPT (n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide) addictive, when compared with regular urea, and the effects of rates and forms of application of covering nitrogen over irrigated common bean component parts and yield, cultivated under no-tillage system, on a Distrudox soil, managed for three consecutive years under crop-livestock integrated system. A randomized complete blocks design was used, in a 2x2x4 factorial scheme, consisting of two nitrogen sources (common and additivated urea), two application methods (surface and incorporated), and four N doses (0 kg ha-1, 60 kg ha-1, 120 kg ha-1, and 180 kg ha-1), with four replications. When compared to the common urea, additivated urea did not provide significant increases in yield. The additivated source resulted in higher plants and it was noticed a higher yield rate, when the fertilizer was used.Item Formas de aplicação de silicato de cálcio e magnésio na cultura do sorgo em neossolo quartzarênico de cerrado(Alexsander Seleguini, 2008-12-30) Barbosa, Newton Cabral; Venâncio, Ricardo; Assis, Marcos Humberto Silva; Paiva, Janaíne de Brito; Carneiro, Marco Aurélio Carbone; Pereira, Hamilton SeronMost of savannah soils are highly weathered and poor in nutrients, demanding chemical correction to become productive. For this purpose, limestone is usually applied, but silicate sources are also used because, besides correcting soil reaction, it supplies silicon to plants. This research had as objective to evaluate the effect of silicon levels and forms in soil and sorghum plants. Two forms of silicate application were evaluated: in the planting furrow and in the whole area. For the applications in the planting furrow, the levels of 100 kg ha-1, 200 kg ha-1, and 300 kg ha-1 of silicate were used, while for the applications in the whole area 1000 kg ha-1, 2000 kg ha-1, and 3000 kg ha-1 were used. Both application forms increased sorghum grain yield and Si concentration in soil and plants, differing, statistically, from control, but with no differences among them. The Si levels also promoted yield and Si concentration in soil and plants. The silicate addition promoted pH increase in the soil, confirming its acidity neutralization effect.