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Low and high-intensity water-based training equally improve disability and functional performance in women with multiple sclerosis but has no effects on IL10, IL17, and S100 protein biomarkers
(2025) Askari, Roya; Jafari, Maryam; Kakhki, Seyed Alireza Hosseini; Etemadifar, Masoud; Azarnive, Marzie Sadat; Gentil, Paulo Roberto Viana; Khademosharie, Mitra; Shekarchizadeh, Parivash
Purpose: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system that involves a wide range of symptoms including loss of physical function. This study investigated the effects of eight weeks of water exercise training with two different intensities on Interleukin 10 (IL10), Interleukin 17 (IL17), and low molecular-weight calcium-binding proteins (S100), disability, and functional performance in women with MS. Methods: Forty-five relapsing-remitting women with MS and an Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score 3.5 were randomly divided into three groups: water-based low-intensity aerobic training (LIT), water-based high-intensity aerobic training (HIT), and a control group (CON). After eight weeks of water-based exercises, blood samples were collected 24 hours before the first session and 48 hours after the last training session. Physical performance was evaluated using a 30-second sit-to-stand test, the total number of elbow flexions performed with 2.5 kg dumbbells, 2-minute walking distances, and a timed up-and-go test (TUG). Results: There were no significant differences within or between groups in IL10, IL17, and S100 indices (p > 0.05). A significant difference was observed in the disability and functional indices after eight weeks, with higher values for the LIT and HIT groups compared to the CON group (p < 0.01), with no difference between them. Conclusions: Eight weeks of water-based exercises improve functional disability in patients with MS despite no changes in inflammatory biomarkers.
Plyometric and ballistic training have similar effects on young amateur male wrestlers' athletic performance
(2026) Haghighi, Amir Hossein; Shandiz, Hamidreza Hosseinzadeh; Kakhak, Seyed Alireza Hosseini; Shahrabadi, Hadi; Coswig, Victor Silveira; Gentil, Paulo Roberto Viana
Plyometric and ballistic training have similar effects on young amateur male wrestlers’ athletic performance. J Strength Cond Res 40(1): 98–105, 2026—This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest and post-test design aimed at investigating the effects of resistance-plyometric training (RPT) compared with resistance-ballistic training (RBT) on the athletic performance of young amateur male wrestlers. Twenty wrestlers aged 16–18 years were randomly divided into RPT and RBT groups. The experimental groups participated in 3 sessions per week of the RPT or RBT program for 6 weeks in addition to their wrestling training routine during the preseason period. Before and after the intervention, the subjects were assessed for bench press strength, leg press strength, bench press endurance, leg press endurance, t test agility, 3-kg medicine ball throwing performance, Sargent jump performance, and specific wrestling tasks (flying mare, duck under, and rear throw). The results showed that both the RPT and RBT programs improved physical fitness (except for medicine ball throwing, which did not improve in RBT) and specific task performance (flying mare, duck under, and rear throw) with p < 0.05. There were no differences between the RPT and RBT programs in any of the physical fitness indicators or specific task performances (p > 0.05). Considering that no significant difference was observed between the 2 types of training, young amateur male wrestlers could benefit from both RPT and RBT programs to improve their physical fitness and performance on specific tasks.
The impact of a high-intensity functional training program on athletic performance of male amateur soccer players: a randomized controlled study
(2026) Haghighi, Amir Hossein; Ammarlou, Farshid; Marafeti, Hamid; Claudino, João Gustavo de Oliveira; Shahrabadi, Hadi; Clemente, Filipe Manuel; Coswig, Victor Silveira; Souza, Daniel Costa de; Gentil, Paulo Roberto Viana
High-Intensity Functional Training (HIFT) is a popular training modality that aims to improve multiple physical fitness and performance components. This study aimed to examine the effects of HIFT on athletic performance of male amateur soccer players. This randomized controlled study was conducted over a six-week period. Athletes were randomly enrolled into HIFT (n = 12) and control (CON, n = 12) groups. The HIFT group replaced part of the specific training with three weekly sessions of HIFT, whereas the CON group participated only in regular soccer training. Before and after the intervention, athletes were assessed for the 20-m sprint (s), bench press strength (kg), squat strength (kg), average anaerobic power (w), the fatigue index (w/s), the change-of-direction sprint (s), VO2max (ml/kg/min), soccer specific dribbling track test travel distance (m), and soccer dribble sprint skill (s). The HIFT group showed greater (p ≤ 0.001–0.018, pη2 = 0.229–0.584) improvements when compared to the CON group, for the 20-m sprint, bench press, and squat strength, fatigue index, VO2max, and soccer specific dribbling track test traveled distance. The average anaerobic power approached significance (p = 0.051, pη2 = 0.162), but was not significantly different between the groups. HIFT may replace part of regular soccer training to improve athletic performance in amateur soccer players.
Apenas orientar é suficiente? Protocolo de revisão sobre aconselhamento em atividade física na hipertensão
(2026) Melo, Thaís Alves Paiva; Gentil, Paulo Roberto Viana
Objective: To present a systematic review protocol aimed at identifying and analyzing the impacts of physical-activity counseling in patients with hypertension. Methods: This protocol was developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020. The search strategy followed the PICOS framework and included only randomized clinical trials involving adults with hypertension. Study search and selection will be conducted independently by two reviewers in the PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and LILACS databases, with no restrictions on language or publication date. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Risk of Bias 2.0 (RoB 2.0) tool, and the certainty of evidence will be rated using the GRADE approach. Data from the included studies will be extracted into a form developed by the authors, and the findings will be presented in maps, charts, tables, or figures, aiming to answer the research question and meet the objectives of this study. If adequate methodological and statistical homogeneity is identified among the included studies, a meta-analysis will be performed.
Efficacy of dry cupping therapy on nonspecific chronic low back pain: systematic literature review with meta analysis
(2025) Pinheiro, Lauanne Beatriz; Gonçalves, Sabrina Fernandes; Campos, Mário Hebling
Background: Nonspecific chronic low back pain (NCLBP) is a painful symptom in the lower spine that lasts for more than 3 months and does not have any apparent harmful involvement. Cupping therapy is an Chinese instrumental technique that has been used in musculoskeletal conditions. It consists of applying suction cups to the skin, causing vasodilation of blood capillaries, production of endogenous opioids, and increased microcirculation that appear to block nerve pain impulses. Objectives: to find evidence in the literature of the use and efficacy of cupping therapy as a treatment for NCLBP. Methods: Systematic review with meta-analysis, performed by two independent researchers. A search for randomized controlled clinical trials was performed in the Pubmed, PEDro, Science Direct, and LILACS databases that included the use of dry cupping therapy in cLBP. There was no restriction on sex, language, or year of publication. RevMan software was used for the meta-analysis. Results: Of the 91 articles initially found, after applying all criteria, 3 studies were used in this review. The studies performed interventions of 5 sessions, 3 and 8 weeks, observing immediate and late post-operative results. Two studies had placebo cupping therapy (Sham) as a control and another, a control that did not undergo any intervention. The points worked were the meridians of BL23, BL24, BL25, BL26, GV4, BL30, BL40, BL58. Cupping therapy was superior to placebo therapy in only one article, however, when compared with another intervention (hot pack) there was no significant difference. The meta-analysis did not indicate superiority between the experimental and control groups. Conclusion: Dry cupping therapy proved to be a safe therapy, however without superior results to another therapy or placebo. In addition, more Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) are needed, since there were few studies investigating the use of cupping therapy in cLBP with adequate methodology.
Eight-week pilates or whole-body high-intensity interval training program improves spinal range of motion during the gait cycle in sedentary women: a preliminary study
(2025) Gonçalves, Sabrina Fernandes; Vale, Arthur Ferreira do; Teixeira, Cauê Vazquez La Scala; Oliveira, Joyce Sousa de; Vitória, Jordana Rodrigues; Carneiro, Juliana Alves; Campos, Mário Hebling
This study aimed to compare the effects of Pilates (PIL) and whole-body high-intensity interval training (WBHIIT) on the spinal curvature of sedentary women. After being invited, 26 sedentary women aged between 20 and 54 voluntarily agreed to participate in the study. The sample was obtained through convenience sampling, and the participants chose either PIL or WBHIIT, which resulted in 13 participants in each group. Spinal posture was assessed pre- and post-intervention through videogrammetry during standing and walking. Markers were placed on the back, and the volunteers were instructed to remain in a standing position on a stationary treadmill for ten seconds. Subsequently, the treadmill was activated at a speed of 5 km/h. After one minute of walking, a complete gait cycle was recorded for analysis. The results showed no significant changes in spinal angles in static position between groups. However, in the walking position, there was a large-magnitude increase in the spinal range of motion (ROM) post-intervention (PIL Lumbar d = 1.8; PIL Thoracic d = 2.9; WBHIIT Lumbar d = 1.0; WBHIIT Thoracic d = 3.5) within groups in the sagittal plane. The adaptations promoted by these interventions in spinal ROM are important for reducing the risks of spinal stiffness and pain due to sedentary behaviour.
Validity and reliability of a 10 and 20 m linear sprint protocol using a single-beam photocell system: an exploratory study with young male soccer players
(2026) Morais, João Pedro Araújo; Santiago, Paulo Roberto Pereira; Lira, Claudio Andre Barbosa de; Vieira, Carlos Alexandre; Lima, Ramon Ribeiro de; Costa, Gustavo de Conti Teixeira; Campos, Mário Hebling
Single-beam photocell systems are the most cost-effective type of timing gates and are widely used to assess linear sprint performance. However, for short distances (<30 m), their validity may be compromised by early movement artifacts (e.g., arm swing, trunk lean, and foot motion), especially when the first timing gate is positioned very close to the athlete and at heights easily crossed by body segments. There is a need to develop low-cost standardized devices and protocols for timing short linear sprints. This exploratory study examined the validity and reliability of a single-beam photocell system applied to a short-distance linear sprint protocol with the initial timing gate positioned approximately below knee height (0.40 m) and a 0.5 m starting distance. Sixteen pre-professional young male soccer players [19.4 ± 1.4 years; 74.8 ± 6.8 kg; 1.79 ± 0.07 m] completed two 20 m linear sprints. Split (10 m) and total times were recorded simultaneously using a custom-built single-beam photocell system and a 240 fps (frames per second) panning camcorder (reference method). Results suggested good to excellent test-retest reliability [ICC ≥ 0.79; CV ≤ 1.26%], and good validity [ICC ≥ 0.84; CV ≤ 1.21%; Mean absolute error ≤ 0.040 s (1.40%)]. Systematic biases with small effect sizes between methods (p < 0.01; d < 0.5) indicated that photocell and video-based measurements are not fully interchangeable. This exploratory study suggests that the proposed photocell protocol is reliable for short-distance linear sprint assessment. The source code and hardware schematics are openly available, facilitating replication and adaptation.
The relationship between child overweight/ obesity and respiratory muscle strength and lung function considering sex, age, and maturity offset status
(2025) Mello, Júlio Brugnara; Mello, Marcos Filipe da Silva; Silva, Iransé Oliveira; Mourão, Vitória Milhomem; Vieira, Lorena Alves; Silva, Maria Sebastiana; Silva, Pedro Henrique de Almeida; Soares, Viviane
Background Rates of overweight and obesity in children are increasing progressively worldwide, which can negatively impact chest mechanics and lung function. However, children at different stages of growth may be impacted differently by obesity, highlighting the need to assess maturation status related to body growth, as the maturity offset. Objective To investigate the effect of body mass index (BMI) on respiratory muscle strength (RMS) and lung function in children, considering maturity offset status as a covariate. Methods This cross-sectional analytical study included 90 children aged 5–14 from two Brazilian public schools. BMI was calculated and converted into percentiles for age and sex to classify children as overweight/obese. RMS, including maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), was measured through a digital manometer, and spirometry was used to assess lung function. The age-to-peak height velocity (APHV) formula was used to determine the maturity offset status. Data were compared between groups, and linear regression was used to examine the effect of BMI on RMS and spirometric variables, adjusted for sex, age, and maturity offset status. Results MIP (Δ= +14.12 cmH2O, p = 0.015) was higher in overweight/obese children. Regression models indicated a relationship between %MEP (β: 0.142; CI 95%: -1.163; 1.453) and BMI, considering age, sex, and maturity offset status as covariates. Conclusion Overweight/obesity was associated with higher inspiratory muscle strength and related to %MEP. This relationship was influenced by the covariates of age, sex, and maturity compensation status, indicating that anthropometric variables need to be considered in future studies.
Relationship between caregiver empathy, parental feeding styles, and children’s food consumption: a cross‑sectional study
(2025) Camargo, Natália Carvalho de; Sousa, Romes Bittencourt Nogueira de; Portugal, Alline Lira Moura; Gadani, Giovanna Beatrice de Moura; Macêdo, Alice Gonçalves; Rebouças, Isadora Silva; Lopes, Fivia de Araújo; Silva, Maria Sebastiana
Caregiver empathy is crucial in shaping children’s eating behaviors, yet its relationship with food consumption remains unexplored. Empathy influences parental feeding styles, affecting the responsiveness of caregiving practices. Investigating this interaction can provide valuable insights into how these factors together impact children’s dietary patterns, contributing to strategies for healthier food consumption. The objective of the cross-sectional study was to evaluate the empathy of caregivers and the parental feeding styles and their relationships with the food consumption of children aged 6 to 11 years. The sample consisted of 78 children (8.51 ± 1.59 years) and their respective caregivers from a Brazilian municipality. The caregivers responded to the empathy inventory, the caregiver’s feeding styles questionnaire, and the food frequency questionnaire, the latter concerning the children’s food consumption. The foods in the food frequency questionnaire were classified according to the NOVA classification into unprocessed and minimally processed foods, processed culinary ingredients, processed foods, and ultraprocessed foods. Spearman and Pearson correlations were performed to evaluate the relationships between the variables, and Kruskal–Wallis and ANOVA tests to compare food consumption across parental feeding styles. Positive significant relationships were found between caregiver empathy subscale and the consumption of some healthy foods. Altruism and the consumption of whole milk (ρs = 0.387, p < 0.001; ρ2s = 0.150), perspective-taking and lettuce consumption (ρs = 0.225, p = 0.047; ρs2 = 0.051), and interpersonal flexibility and the consumption of skinless chicken (ρs = 0.336, p = 0.003; ρ2s = 0.113). Relationships were also found between caregiver empathy and the reduction of the consumption of certain unhealthy foods: altruism and the consumption of yellow cheeses (ρs = − 0.289, p = 0.010; ρ2s = 0.084) and interpersonal flexibility and the consumption of soda (ρs = − 0.231, p = 0.042; ρ2s = 0.053). Relations were also found between the dimensions of parental feeding styles and specific foods. A significant negative relationship between demandingness and the consumption of cabbage (ρs = − 0.358, p = 0.001; ρ2s = 0.128) and between responsiveness and the consumption of soda (ρs = − 0.319, p = 0.004; ρ2s = 0.102). Although the study was conducted with a small sample size, the results are important as they demonstrate the relationships between caregiver empathy, parental feeding styles, and children’s food consumption. Understanding these relationships can assist in the development of nutrition education strategies and policies that integrate this knowledge. The results also serve to stimulate further studies involving empathy, parental feeding styles, and children’s food consumption, aiming to improve children’s nutrition and reduce the risks of non-communicable chronic diseases.
Are trained men really stronger? A comparison of relative strength in upper and lower limbs
(2025) Rigo, Maria Eduarda Cechella; Laporta, Lorenzo Iop; Andrade, Thiago Alexandro Nascimento de; Paim, Luciano Puhl; Evangelho, Paulo Ricardo de David; Costa, Gustavo de Conti Teixeira; Castro, Henrique de Oliveira; Cabido, Christian Emmanuel Torres; Pedrosa, Gustavo Ferreira
This study compared the relative strength of the upper and lower limbs in trained and untrained men. Twenty-four healthy adult men participated, divided by training experience into Trained (TR) and Untrained (UNTR) groups. Participants performed one-repetition maximum tests in the bench press and 45º leg press in two sessions separated by 24 hours. The weight lifted was normalized by body mass as an indicator of relative strength. According to the results, TR showed higher relative strength in the bench press than UNTR, while no difference was observed in the leg press. The relative strength ratio (leg press/bench press) was higher in the UNTR. In conclusion, although TR men showed greater relative strength in the bench press than UNTR men, there was equivalence in relative strength for the leg press. This suggests that TR individuals focus more on training their upper limbs than their lower limbs over time.
Subjective monitoring in under-20 soccer athletes: affective, load, monotony, and sleep variations throughout a competitive cycle
(2025) F. Junior, Alessandro O.; Caldeira, Ismael Viana; Sá Filho, Alberto Souza de; Silva, Dailson Paulucio da; Souza, Igor Braulio de; Souza, Lorhenna P.; Inacio, Pedro Augusto Querido; Costa, Gustavo de Conti Teixeira; Fernandes, Vicente Aprigliano; Chiappa, Gaspar Rogério da Silva
Introduction The physical and mental demands of competitive soccer, combined with a high density of matches and training sessions, impose substantial psychophysiological stress on athletes. In this context, subjective variables, such as affective responses, perceived exertion, and sleep, emerge as important indicators, offering additional insights into players’ readiness and recovery. However, few studies have examined these variables in an integrated manner over extended periods of preparation and competition. Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of soccer training sessions and matches on affective responses (valence and arousal), perceived exertion, and sleep duration in under-20 soccer athletes. Additionally, the objective of this study was to assess correlations between affective responses and traditional internal load variables (RPE), monotony, strain, and self-reported sleep duration. Methods This observational study was conducted with 21 under-20 athletes from a Brazilian elite soccer team over 11 weeks encompassing training sessions, friendly matches, and official competition. Affective responses were assessed before and 30 minutes after each session using the Feeling Scale (FS) and the Felt Arousal Scale (FAS). Perceived exertion (RPE), sleep duration, monotony, and strain were recorded daily. Two-way ANOVA was applied for FS and FAS, while one-way ANOVA was used for weekly training load, sleep, monotony, and strain. Mann-Whitney tests (match vs. training) were also performed. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated between variables. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results There were significant main effects of week and moment (pre/post) for both FS and FAS, with a notable decrease in affective responses after sessions (p < 0.0001). Sleep duration progressively increased from the seventh week onward (p < 0.05), whereas training load, monotony, and strain fluctuated across the weeks, with significant declines toward the end of the cycle. Significant differences between matches and training sessions were found for training load (p = 0.0333) and sleep duration (p < 0.0001), but not for affective scales. On an individual level, 71% of athletes showed a reduction in affective responses post-session. Correlations between affective and the other variables were trivial to small (ranging from r = 0.11 to r = 0.24), with slightly more consistent associations for sleep and RPE. Conclusion There was a significant reduction in FS over the weeks. Fluctuations in FS were observed across weeks in line with accumulated load and competition demands. Seventy-one percent of athletes showed a decrease in FS post-activity. The monotony and strain showed a declining trend over the competitive cycle, particularly in the latter weeks, indicating a reduction in training variability and cumulative load. These reductions coincided with an increase in self-reported sleep duration, suggesting a favorable shift in the balance between training stress and recovery. Finally, FS displayed weak correlations with perceived exertion, monotony, strain, and sleep duration.
The scientific landscape regarding young padel players: a systematic review
(2025) Ruschel, Thiago Viana; Arbo, Débora de Mello; Klein, Camilla Nunes; Costa, Gustavo de Conti Teixeira; Laporta, Lorenzo Iop; Leonardi, Thiago José
Introduction: this systematic review examines the literature on padel, focusing on young ath-letes. Despite the increasing number of practitioners, especially young ones, the quantity of sci-entific studies on the subject remains limited. Objective: to identify the number and which aspects of the sport the studies in literature ad-dress regarding young padel players. Methodology: A systematic search was conducted in the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. The Inclusion criteria were original research articles published in scientific journals involving young padel athletes. Results: out of the 39 studies identified eight were analyzed in detail. Of these eight articles, two report on the technical-tactical actions of players, one evaluates game materials, one investi-gates the timing and duration of points and matches, three report on the physical demands of padel play, and one studies mental aspects during the game. Discussion: from the analyses, it is possible to highlight the need to adapt programs and training to the specific needs in the long-term development of athletes and the promotion of padel. Conclusions: the diversity of approaches underscores the complexity of padel extending be-yond physical aspects, incorporating psychological and technical-tactical elements for compre-hensive athlete developmen.
Complexos de jogo no voleibol feminino: como o sequenciamento se constitui a partir do nível do adversário?
(2025) Vieira, Pedro Henrique Cavalcante; Laporta, Lorenzo Iop; Leonardi, Thiago José; Freire, Auro Barreiros; Santana, Augusto Faria de Paula; Oliveira, Icaro Gustavo Sousa de; Clemente, Filipe Manuel; Gonçalves, Carolinne Silva; Sá Filho, Alberto Souza de; Arantes, Débora Darck Lopes Costa; Costa, Gustavo de Conti Teixeira
Introduction and Objective. Game analysis in sports is employed to identify key performance parameters of teams, enabling the structuring and adaptation of training sessions. The present study aimed to analyze the sequencing of game complexes in women's volleyball, considering the levels of the confrontations of the teams participating in the 2021/2022 Superliga.Methodology. The sample consisted of observations from 135 out of the 148 matches played (91%). The variables considered were the game complex (K) and the effect of the complex (3-point, 2-continuity, 1-attack block,and 0-error), with analyses conducted based on the level of the match. To achieve the propo-sed objective, descriptive and inferential analyses (chi-square and residual adjustments) were performed, along with social network analysis using eigenvector centrality.Results. The results showed that, regardless of match level, the K0-2 to KI-3 sequence was the most fre-quent. The analysis of game complexes revealed K0-2 –KI-3 as the most common sequence. Social network analysis highlighted that High vs. Intermediate level matches presented the highest centrality. A significant association was found (χ² = 57.964, p < 0.001) between match level and the type of complex, with Complex V being positively associated with high and intermediate-level matches. No significant association was ob-served between match level and the effect of the complex.Discussion. These findings emphasize the importance of understanding game complex sequencing as a key indicator of tactical dynamics and team consistency. The predominance of the K0-2 –KI-3 sequence across all levels suggests that offensive success is strongly linked to the quality of reception and the efficiency of transition to attack. The use of social network analysis provided additional insights into interaction pat-terns among teams of different competitive levels, highlighting the dynamic nature of performance in women's volleyball.Conclusions.Based on these findings, it is recommended that training incorporate structured drills empha-sizing the K0-2 to KI-3 transition, simulating opponents of different levels to enhance tactical adaptability. This strategy aims to strengthen the reception-attack transition and prepare teams for diverse competitive environments, improving tactical efficiency and resilience in high-level women's volleyball.
Ângulos não treinados também são contemplados? Uma análise da transferência de força dinâmica e isométrica após o treinamento com diferentes amplitudes de movimento
(2025) Evangelho, Paulo Ricardo de David; Simões, Marina Gurgel; Rodrigues, Deivid Ribeiro; Lacerda, Lucas Túlio de; Costa, Gustavo de Conti Teixeira; Castro, Henrique de Oliveira; Pedrosa, Gustavo Ferreira
Introduction: It still is questionable to what extent the acquired range of motion (ROM) can be transferred to an untrained angle. Objective: Investigate whether the ROM manipulation in the knee extensor exercise influences the transfer force to untrained angle, considering dynamic and isometric measures. Methods: 20 untrained young women were randomized in two groups: Initial partial ROM (IPA: 100° - 65° knee flexion, n = 10) and final partial ROM (FPA: 65° - 30°, n = 10). The program consisted in 12 training weeks, realized three times per week with intensity and volume equivalent. Before and after the intervention, all the participants were submitted the one repetition maximum (1RM) tests in the two ROM and the maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) test in the 30° and 100°. The force transfer was quantified for the force transfer coefficient (TC) calculation. Results: In 1RM test, the IPA group presented greater CT (0,61) than FPA group (0,36). In MVIC test, FPA group obtained greater CT (0,56) than IPA (0,008). Conclusion: The ROM manipulation influences directly force transfer. FPA training increased greater TC maximum to other ROMs in dynamic tests, while the FPA training increased greater TC in untrained angles during isometric contractions suggesting specific adaptations according to the type of stimulus.
Life skills and volleyball teaching: comparison between TGfU and direct instruction model
(2025) Arantes, Débora Darck Lopes Costa; Gonçalves, Carolinne Silva; Rodrigues, Marcelo Couto Jorge; Corrêa, José Carlos Pontes; Milistetd, Michel; Costa, Gustavo De Conti Teixeira
The learning environment created by the physical education teacher, through the teaching model employed, can significantly influence students’ engagement during lessons. Therefore, this study aimed to compare tactical-technical learning and students’ self-perceptions of life skills between TGfU and direct instruction. The sample consisted of 67 students, aged between 13 and 15 years, enrolled in the ninth grade of a municipal public school, and the research design involved an intervention consisting of 18 sessions, each lasting 60 min. The results revealed no significant differences between the teaching models regarding tactical-technical variables (p > 0.05). However, concerning life skills, the TGfU/HVs group demonstrated higher mean teamwork scores than the Traditional group (p = 0.008). On the other hand, the Traditional and Control groups achieved higher mean scores for goal setting skills than the TGfU/HVs group (p = 0.001 for both cases). These findings highlight that the organization of sports practice, despite variations in teaching models, fosters students’ self-perceptions of life skills, underscoring the necessity of further research to deepen the understanding of game-based pedagogies in school physical education. It is also imperative to reflect on implementing additional pedagogical practices in schools that align with institutional objectives and actively promote student learning.
The effect of small-sided games and HIIT formats and competitive level on enjoyment and exercise intensity in young adult male soccer players
(2025) Weiqiang, Xu; Trybulski, Robert; Silva, Rui Miguel Fernandes Pereira da; Yichen, Zhao; Castro, Henrique de Oliveira; Costa, Gustavo De Conti Teixeira; Clemente, Filipe Manuel
This study aims to analyze the differences in Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) scores and exercise intensity across small-sided games (SSGs) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) formats among soccer players from Tier 2 and Tier 3 competitive levels. Utilizing a cross-sectional design, 77 male players (20.64 ± 1.56 years) participated in four training sessions under controlled conditions. Enjoyment was assessed with PACES, while exercise intensity was monitored through heart rate and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). The training formats included 1 v 1 and 5 v 5 SSGs and long and short HIIT formats. Players were categorized as Amateur (Tier 2) or Competitor (Tier 3) based on training volume and performance level. The training formats included 1 v 1 and 5 v 5 SSGs and long and short HIIT formats. The present study revealed significant differences in PACES scores across the different training formats (p < 0.001), with the 5 v 5 format yielding the highest scores and long HIIT the lowest. A significant interaction between training format and competitive level was observed (p = 0.011). Tier 2 players reported higher PACES scores in the 5 v 5, 1 v 1, and Short HIIT formats compared to Tier 3 players. SSGs and HIIT formats significantly influence enjoyment, with smaller-sided formats (1 v 1) and short HIIT showing the highest enjoyment levels. Tier 2 players reported higher enjoyment and physical efforts than Tier 3 players, in 5 v 5, 1 v 1, and short HIIT formats. These findings show the importance of programming training sessions according to the competitive level of athletes to maximize enjoyment and manage effort in soccer training programs.
How do match location and opponent level influence complex Ioffensive strategy in men's volleyball? The case of the Brazilian men's superleague
(2025) Nascimento, Marcos Henrique do; Laporta, Lorenzo Iop; Vieira, Pedro Henrique Cavalcante; Rodrigues, Marcelo Couto Jorge; Rocha, Augusto Cezar Rodrigues; Rangel, Crislaine Couto; Freire, Auro Barreiros; Guimarães, Juracy da Silva; Pedrosa, Gustavo Ferreira; Ugrinowitsch, Herbert; Costa, Gustavo de Conti Teixeira
Match analysis identifies patterns in both defensive and offensive systems and key performance parameters, which should be applied in the practice context. This study examined the offensive game patterns in high-level Brazilian men's volleyball, considering the opponent’s ranking and match location. The sample comprised twenty-two matches involving the top four teams competing against each of the twelve participants in the 2021/2022 Brazilian Men's Volleyball Superliga. Each team played both home and away matches, leading to an analysis of 1,699 Complex I attack actions. The results indicated that the highest eigenvector centrality values were observed for settings primarily directed to positions 3 and 4, regardless of the opponent. Attacks were typically executed by the middle blocker positioned in front of and near the setter against single blocks, frequently resulting in points. Variations were observed depending on the team’s rotation and the set phase. High-level Brazilian volleyball teams exhibited minimal variations in their Complex I offensive strategies. However, finalist teams demonstrated differences in the distribution and attack patterns of the middle blocker.
Application of life skills within the context of the BNCC: implications from research in military schools in the interior of Goiás
(2025) Corrêa, José Carlos Pontes; Costa, Karla Medeiros; Borges, Eduardo de Paula Amorim; Arantes, Débora Darck Lopes Costa; Rodrigues, Marcelo Couto Jorge; Costa, Gustavo de Conti Teixeira
Objectives:This study aimed to assess teachers’ self-perceptions about their intention to teach life skillsand compare students’ perceptions about learning life skills in military schools influenced by these teachers.Methods:The sample consisted of five teachers, aged between 28 and 45 years, each with at least four years of classroom experi-ence. Additionally, 769 students participated in the study, with a mean age of 12.4±0.92 years, representing both gen-ders.Results:The results indicated that, except for Teacher 1, who scored between 29% and 74% of the maximumpossible scores across the investigated subscales of the P-CLSS-Q, the remaining teachers scored above 79% on thesame subscales. Furthermore, classes taught by Teacher 3 showed lower scores in life skills compared to other teachersin areas such as teamwork [χ2(4) = 16.819; p = 0.02], goal setting [χ2(4) = 21.159; p = 0.001], social skills [χ2(4) =19.441; p = 0.001], problem-solving [χ2(4) = 15.788; p = 0.003], emotional skills [χ2(4) = 20.457; p = 0.001], leadership[χ2(4) = 16.075; p = 0.003], time management [χ2(4) = 25.119; p = 0.001], and communication [χ2(4) = 21.561;p = 0.001]. There were also minor variations in time management and communication life skills among classes taughtby the other evaluated teachers.Conclusion:Based on these findings, teachers expressed interest in fostering a posi-tive classroom climate to promote life skills (LS); however, students’ self-perceptions of LS learning were different,suggesting a need for targeted professional development to improve teachers’ teaching practices.
The effects of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field (PEMF) on muscular strength, functional performance and depressive symptoms in elderly sarcopenia: a short-term intervention
(2025) Martins, Patrícia Sardinha Leonardo Lopes; Sá Filho, Alberto Souza de; Inacio, Pedro Augusto Querido; França, Paulo Ricardo Pinheiro; Fernandes, Vicente Aprigliano; Macedo, Michel Monteiro; Fonseca, Douglas Farias da; Martins, Pedro Sardinha Leonardo Lopes; Costa, Gustavo de Conti Teixeira; Martins, Rodrigo Alvaro Brandão Lopes
Despite the benefits of resistance training in mitigating sarcopenia, adherence among frail older adults is often limited by osteoarticular pain, comorbidities, and logistical barriers. Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy has emerged as a potential alternative. However, evidence regarding its effects on functional and psychological parameters remains scarce. Objectives: To assess the effects of 12 PEMF therapy sessions on knee extensor strength and functional performance (Timed Up and Go test—TUG) in older adults with sarcopenia. Secondary outcomes included changes in calf circumference (CC), SARC-F + CC scores, and depressive symptoms. Methods: A controlled, non-randomized experimental design was employed, with a pre-intervention control group serving as a baseline reference (PEMF group: n = 25; control group: n = 16). Participants received 12 PEMF therapy sessions (three times per week) targeting the quadriceps and gastrocnemius muscles. Outcomes were measured using knee-extension dynamometry, TUG, CC, SARC-F + CC, and the Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale. Statistical analyses included ANCOVA, with baseline values as covariates. Results: Significant improvements were observed in knee-extension strength, which increased from 13.05 ± 4.8 kgf to 18.56 ± 8 kgf (p < 0.001); TUG test time improved from 23.1 ± 14.4 to 18.7 ± 10 s (p = 0.048); SARC-F + CC scores decreased from 11.6 ± 8.2 to 6.5 ± 7.6 (p < 0.001), though the interaction effect with time was not significant (p = 0.252). No statistically significant changes were observed in CC, which increased from 34.0 ± 4.0 cm to 36.0 ± 3.9 cm following the intervention (p = 0.548). Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale scores improved significantly (7.9 ± 2.4 to 5.4 ± 1.7, p = 0.0013). Conclusions: PEMF therapy significantly improved lower-limb muscle strength and functional mobility in elderly individuals with sarcopenia. Additionally, depressive symptoms were significantly reduced. However, no significant changes were observed in CC or SARC-F + CC.
Jogos reduzidos e condicionados no ensino esportivo para indivíduos com transtorno do espectro autista. Revisão bibliográfica
(2025) Trindade, Nathália Prado; Castro, Henrique de Oliveira; Viana, Luciana Erina Palma; Amador, Luiza Dutra; Costa, Gustavo de Conti Teixeira; Tâmbara, Amanda Guedes; Laporta, Lorenzo Iop
This study aimed to verify and systematize the literature about the use of Small-Sided Games in the teaching of sports for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder through a literature review. Searches were conducted on the digital databases Scielo, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science in December 2023. 91 articles were found and 6 were included, covering basketball and football training programs. The results demonstrated that Small-Sided Games are an effective strategy to promote the individual participation in sports, with improvements in physical fitness, mobility, social communication, executive function control, and reduction of characteristic symptoms. Further studies are needed regarding the sports in Physical Education classes.

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