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Item Biologia floral e sistema de autoincompatibilidade de Bauhinia brevipes Vogel (Fabaceae), no município de Goiás, Estado de Goiás, Brasil(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-04-23) Almeida, Elga de Fátima; Franceschinelli, Edivani Villaron; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8863732932277904The plant reproductive biology involves all the features (morphological, anatomical or physiological) of a species that participate in the reproduction of its individuals. The Fabaceae family is one of the most important of the Cerrado, the genus Bauhinia being one of the most diversified. Several studies with species of Bauhinia L. showed diversity in floral shapes, reproductive phenology, reproductive system and interactions with different groups of pollinators. In general, the Bauhinia species are outcrossing and have low reproductive efficiency. Bauhinia brevipes is common in the municipality of Goiás-GO and has floral features compatible with the syndrome chiropterophily: white flowers that release a strong odour overnight, producing large amounts of nectar with low sugar concentration. Flowers of B. brevipes may have reduced ovaries or anthers with low production of viable pollen, indicating that this species moves towards sexual separation in some flowers. Although the visit the bats to flowers were not seen, their flights over the plants were observed. A test of exclusion of diurnal pollinators showed the efficiency of nocturnal pollinators in B. brevipes. The flowers of B. brevipes not have herkogamy as the main factor to avoid inbreeding, but some flowers positioned above the anthers stigma were observed. The species present gametophytic selfincompatibility and therefore requires the pollinators visit to ensure pollinating pollen exchange among different and unrelated plants. Bauhinia brevipes has an average 20% of reproductive efficiency. In general, the species showed a high level of pollen limitation (0.73). The largest fruit production occurs in the middle position of the inflorescence. Most of fruit produced occurs in the median position of the inflorescence, when possibly the availability of pollen in the system is higher and resources are available for their development.Item Respostas bioquímicas e fisiológicas de mutantes fotomorfogenéticos de tomateiro (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Micro-Tom) sob deficiência hídrica(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-02-26) Alves, Frederico Rocha Rodrigues; Melo, Hyrandir Cabral de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9055607630353419Phytochrome-dependent physiological processes are being unveiled by photomorphogenic mutant plants. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), the aurea mutant is phytochrome-deficient and the high-pigment 1 mutant (hp1) has exaggerated light responses. Phytochromes are related to many abiotic and biotic stress responses due to its role in the regulation of specific genes transcription, acting upon biochemical and molecular mechanisms of cell signaling. Here, we examined the effects of water-withholding over water potential, leaf gas exchanges, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and chloroplast pigments content in photomorphogenic tomato mutants aurea and hp1, as well its wild-type cultivar Micro-Tom (MT). The plants were grown in a greenhouse under controlled conditions of temperature (24-27ºC) and humidity (60-70%). Analysis were made in 35-days-old plants (n=5) which irrigation was suspended for 5 days and then rehydrated in the sixth day. As control, five plants of each genotype remained well-watered. Water-withholding decreased the water potential and affected leaf gas exchange rates in all studied genotypes, decreasing rates of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance from the fourth treatment day on. Initial fluorescence and PSII potential quantum efficiency were not affected by the water-withholding treatment in general, but MT showed significant decrease in PSII operating efficiency and electron transporte rate as well as an increase in non-photochemical quenching parameters, facts not registered for the mutants during the treatment period. hp1 mutant has the highest content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids, this last playing a central role in the oxidative stress defense. Under water-withholding conditions, MT presented the highest MDA concentration and aurea displayed high activities of catalase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase when compared to the other genotypes. The present data allows the conclusion that the mutants have higher tolerance to drought stress than the wild Micro-Tom genotype.Item O gênero Aeschynomene L. (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae, Dalbergieae sensu lato) no Estado de Goiás, Brasil(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-02-20) Antunes, Lorena Lana Camelo; Silva, Marcos José da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9449484790926524; Silva, Marcos José da; Mansano, Vidal de Freitas; Teles, Aristônio Magalhães; Ferreira, Heleno Dias; Nogueira, Ina de SouzaSubfamilies Caesalpinioideae, Mimosoideae, and Papilionoideae are circumscribed in the Leguminosae, which is cosmopolitan, encompasses approximately 750 genera and 19.500 species, and is the third largest taxon of the Angiosperms. In Brazil, it is the richest family, with 2.756 species and 213 genera, which makes it very important ecologically. Papilionoideae, its largest subfamily, with 478 genera, 13.800 species, and 28 tribes, is monophyletic and traditionally recognized for the papilionaceous flowers, leaves usually imparipinnate or trifoliolate, and legume fruits. Among Papilionoideae tribes, Dalbergieae sensu lato is one of the largest, encompassing 49 genera and ca. 1.325 species, distributed in the clades Adesmia, Pterocarpus, and Dalbergia. The latter is the most diverse, with 706 species distributed in 17 genera, among which Aeschynomene stands out for its complex taxonomy, paraphyletic nature, and high representativeness (ca. 180 species). In Brazil, Aeschynomene is the most diverse genus of Dalbergieae sensu lato, with 49 species. Nonetheless, the taxonomic knowledge of this genus in Brazilian flora is scarce, moreover considering its species that occur in the central part of the country. Based on usual methods, the taxonomic study of Aeschynomene in the state of Goiás. This taxonomic study resulted in the registration of 25 species, one of them new to science (A. veadeirana Silva M. J. & Antunes L. L. C.), nine new occurrences, three synonymizations, and one lectotypification. This dissertation reveals the diversity of Aeschynomene in the state of Goiás and furnishes information to understand the infrageneric and evolutionary relationships in the genus.Item Características morfofisiológicas, produção e composição de óleo essencial em folhas de Tetradenia riparia (Hochst) Codd- Lamiaceae cultivada em diferentes níveis de sombreamento(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-02-26) Araújo, Laís Lima Nabuco; Melo, Hyrandir Cabral de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9055607630353419MORPHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS, PRODUCTION AND COMPOSITION OF ESSENTIAL OIL IN LEAVES OF Tetradenia riparia (Hochst) Codd-LAMIACEAE CULTIVATED AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF SHADING. Tetradenia riparia ( Hochst ) Codd- Lamiaceae, popularly known as incense, is used for diseases like malaria, angina, gastroenteritis , headaches , bronchitis , among other diseases. Its essential oil contains approximately 200 components. The diterpenoids have antimicrobial, antispasmodic and antitricomonas activity. Considering the importance of light on plant growth and development the present study aims to evaluate morphological and physiological characteristics and production and composition of essential oil of Tetardenia riparia cultivated at different levels of shading. For this, seedlings were propagated by stem cuttings and grown in mini-greenhouses completely covered with black polyethylene screens produced to provide 30%, 50% and 80 % of levels shading and also grown under open sky. Leaves were evaluated after 150 days of treatment. The plants under open sky had greater foliar blade thickness. Shaded plants had higher leaf area. There were no significant differences in stomata and trichomes in the abaxial epidermis. The highest oil yield occurred in plants grown with 30 % and 50 % shading treatments. The major component of the essential oil, regardless of the treatment, was the sesquiterpenic hydrocarbon 14 - hydroxy -9 - epi - (E) - caryophyllene. Many chemical compounds of the essential oil alter its content according to treatments and other compounds were only observed at specific levels of shading. The total content of chlorophyll, chlorophyll “a” and carotenoids was higher in 50% and 80% treatment shading. The levels of chlorophyll “b” and a / b ratio did not change in different treatments. The different treatments did not change values of ash. The lipid content was lower in the treatment of 80% and increased protein and nitrogen content in 50% and 80% treatment shading.Item Delimitação de táxons do complexo Manihot pentaphylla Pohl (Euphorbiacae Juss.) com base em dados morfológicos e anatômicos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-03-14) Azevedo, Elifalete Serafim; Silva, Marcos José da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9449484790926524; Ribeiro, Dalva Graciano; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5330699702723299; Ribeiro, Dalva Graciano; Meira, Renata Maria Strozi Alves; Ferreira, Heleno DiasManihot Mill belongs to Euphorbiaceae Juss. With more than 100 neotropical species, of which 65 were reported for the Brazilian Cerrado. The genus presents a complex taxonomy, still little studied, with taxa differentiated by subtle characters, constituting, therefore, complexes of difficult delimitation. One of these complexes is represented by Manihot pentaphylla Pohl, a species that currently circumscribes four subspecies: M. pentaphylla subsp. pentaphylla; M. pentaphylla subsp. tenuifolia; M. pentaphylla subsp. rigidula and M. pentaphylla subsp. graminifolia. These taxa were previously described as distinct species and later inserted at the subspecies level, however, these taxa, besides growing in a biome that has little known flora and that suffers constant devastation, present differences in morphological characters preserved and useful in the delimitation of taxa in the genus, such as: habit and growth orientation, conformation of bracts and bractolas and inflorescence, which means that knowledge of these species becomes necessary. Since anatomical studies have provided useful information on the taxonomic delimitation of species , the objective of this study was to provide anatomical data of the M. pentaphylla complex to support the delimitation of its infraspecific categories, and present a morphological approach, where the taxa are described and related. For this, botanical collections and morphological descriptions of the taxa were carried out, anatomical analysis under optical microscope and scanning electron microscope and histochemical tests. Transverse sections of the stem and leaf of the longitudinal taxa and taxa were obtained only from the stem and the petiole. The taxa showed significant anatomical differences of taxonomic value such as: contour and number of vascular bundles on the petiole, contour and number of vascular bundles of the central vein, type of mesophyll, epidermis formed by papillary cells, distribution and type of stomata and epicuticular wax pattern. The shape of the leaf blade (whether arched or straight) and the edge (revolute or non-revolute), presence of gelatinous fibers, presence/absence of cuticular streaks among others also provided valuable information to differentiate species. Morphologically, the taxa showed differences in habit and appearance, type of inflorescence, shape and integrity of bracts and bractoles, among others. Finally, based on the morphological and anatomical characters described and compared here, we believe that the studied taxa have satisfactory differences to raise them at the species level.Item Diatomáceas encionemoides e gonfonemoides (Cymbellales, Bacillariophyta) do estado de Goiás: flora geral e variabilidade morfológica e genética do complexo Gomphonema parvulum(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-03-29) Benicio, Sarah Haysa Mota; Silva, Weliton José da; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4745159Y0; Nogueira, Ina de Souza; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4782283E3; Nogueira, Ina de Souza; Silva, Welinton José da; Menezes, Mariângela; Oliviera, Bárbara DunckBacillariophyta are unicellular microscopic algae, pseudofilamentosas or colonial, important constituents of phytoplankton and periphyton. Cymbellales presents similar individuals as the forms, shapes and adornments of frustules. Relations between representatives of Cymbellales order are still poorly understood and the diacritical features based on morphology have led to confusion in the constituency of the recorded species and difficult to identify in flora jobs worldwide. The aim of this study was to inventory the species occurrence Cymbellales encionemoides and gonfonemoides in aquatic environments in the state of Goiás. The results were divided into two articles: "Encyonema, Encyonopsis and Kurtkrammeria (Cymbellales, Bacillariophyta) in Brazil in the Midwest." 10 taxa were identified Cymbellaceae encionemoides including six at the species level; four did not have infrageneric identity recognized. Were identified 10 taxa Cymbellaceae encionemoides these six at the species level; four did not show infrageneric identity recognized by literature. The identified species, Encyonema rumrichae is a new citation to the state of Goiás and Encyonema sileciacum the most widely distributed taxon. The second article entitled "Morphological and genetic variability of representatives of the complex Gomphonema parvulum (Cymbellales, Bacillariophyceae) in Brazil's Central region." The Gomphonema parvulum complex adds 27 taxa names of which only 12 are accepted taxonomically. The aim of this study was to compare the morphological variability and genetic G. parvulum and G. lagenula in natural samples and cultured from the representatives of the state of Goiás. The material was collected and isolated monoclonal cultures studied in light and electron microscopy and through the 18S marker V4 region. It was found that the distinction between complex G. parvulum taxa can be made safely only from molecular characters, as intraspecific variability is marked morphological and intersected with respect to interspecific variability. The analysis of the genetic marker sequences 18SV4 corroborates existence of cryptic species within the complex.Item Fluxo de pólen heteroespecífico entre espécies sincronopátricasde Psychotria L. (Rubiaceae)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-03-30) Borges, João Paulo Raimundo; Consolaro, Hélder Nagai; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3914598655311565; Franceschinelli, Edivani Villaron; Franceschinelli, Edivani Villaron; Araújo , Walter Santos de; Silva , Daniel PaivaSeveral species of Psychotria L. are common in the understore of semideciduous forests of the Center-West region of Brazil. Often these species occur in sympatry and present overlap in their flowering periods. Recent studies have revealed the occurrence of pollinators sharing among synchronopatric species within the genus Psychotria, with a variation in this sharing according to the interacting species. In the present study, it was investigated whether the exchange of heterospecific pollen occurs between sympatric species and what the intensity of this flow is in comparison with the intraspecific flow. The floral synchrony and nectar production among these sympatric species of Psychotria were also verified to confirm the possibility of interspecific pollen exchange in this system. The data collection took place during the months of November and December of 2015, in a semidecidual forest in the Municipal Park Setor Santa Cruz, municipality of Catalão, GO. The collected data were: floral phenology, nectar production, reciprocity between anthers and stigma, and rate of fluorescent powder flow between species and their floral morphotypes. Our data showed that the flowering peaks were synchronous among Psychotria species, with a significant difference in the nectar production between the species, being larger and renewable after the first removal for P. nitidula, but with higher sugar concentration in P. prunifolia. In relation to reciprocity intraspecific and interspecific, there was no deviation from that expected for distal species, with the reciprocity being greater between the reproductive organs of the same species than between the reproductive organs of different species. Comparing the fluorescent powder flow, it was observed that P. prunifolia presented a higher rate of exclusive visits, while P. nitidula presented more illegitimate visits, mainly for its thrum morph, which promoted greater donation of heterospecific fluorescent powder. P. hoffmannseggiana presented low intensity of donation and reception of fluorescent powder, being all of them interspecific. Therefore, there was a greater illegitimate fluorescent powder flow among the study species than legitimate.Item Cayaponia silva manso (cucurbitaceae juss.), no estado de Goiás: uma abordagem morfológica e anatômica(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-03-31) Cardoso Junior, Ilvan Martins; Rezende, Maria Helena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5093753722360659; Klein, Vera Lúcia Gomes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6477452328378345; Klein, Vera Lúcia Gomes; Fraceschinelli, Edivani Villaron; Lima, Luís Fernando PaivaCayaponia Silva Manso (Cucurbitaceae Juss.), In the State of Goiás: a morphological and anatomical approach - Cayaponia Silva Manso comprises about 60 species of which 47 occur in Brazil. Several studies have been carried out with species of this genus in view of the proven pharmacological potential for some taxa, mainly C. tayuya (Vell) Cogn., C. martiana (Cogn.) Cogn. In Goiás it was reported the existence of seven species that constitute two groups that are differentiated respectively by the habits and habitats where they are found, one formed by the species C. espelina (Silva Manso) Cogn., C. rugosa Gomes-Klein et Pirani and C. weddellii (Naudin) Cogn. And the other group comprising the species C. tayuya (Vell.) Cogn., C. citrullifolia (Griseb.) Cogn., C. diversifolia (Cogn.) Cogn. and C. podantha Cogn. Some studies have been carried out to solve complexes in other botanical families. Studies on the anatomy of vegetative and reproductive organs have presented results that contribute to a better circumscription for the species under study. In this work, morphological, taxonomic and anatomical studies were carried out with the objective of adding new information that allows a better delimitation and recognition of the studied species. A preliminary survey of information on Cayaponia species occurred in the State of Goiás. 41 expeditions were carried out in 42 municipalities. Specimens of 7 species were collected in the State of Goiás. For the morphological and taxonomic studies, the collected material was processed, herborized and identified according to the usual methodology. For the anatomical analysis part of the material was preserved fresh in a freezer at 10 ° C, another part fixed in alcohol70, in FAA70 or FPA70. In Chapter 1 the taxonomic treatment for the species occurring in Goiás was carried out. A key of identification, morphological and taxonomic description was presented, as well as illustrations of the species studied. In Chapter 2 the description of foliar architecture of the species under study was presented. Also in this chapter an identification key was developed for the species under study based on foliar architecture and venation patterns. Chapter 3 presents anatomical analyzes of petiole and leaf blade, scanning electron microscopy and histochemical tests that were used in the separation of taxa. Statistical tests, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) were applied with the objective of performing a prospection of morpho-anatomic characters that support the groups delimited in previous chapters.Item Cianobactérias planctônicas do reservatório do ribeirão João Leite (Goiás) durante a fase de enchimento: florística e floração(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-03-21) Carmo, Elaine Jacob da Silva Carmo; Nogueira, Ina de Souza; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4782283E3; Nogueira, Ina de Souza; Gomes, Lenora Nunes Ludolf; Jardim, Fernando AntônioRibeirão Leite is considered as one of the main sources of public water supply for the city of Goiânia and its metropolitan region. The soil in the watershed is principally used for agro-pastoral activities that may favor the supply of nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen for the water reservoir and consequently for the formation of blooms of microalgae and cyanobacteria. No floristic studies of cyanobacteria have been carried out for this reservoir, which is recently formed, however there has been pre-dominance of potentially toxic planktonic cyanobacteria during the filling of this reservoir, which reflects the limnological conditions of the Ribeirão Leite basin. The present study aims to identify and characterize the morphospecies of cyanobacteria and evaluate structure and dynamics of populations. The sample period comprised the date from January 2010 to January 2011, which was filling stage, with the collection of phytoplankton and limnologicals carried out twice a week until the first half of May 2010, and from this date, it was repeated weekly. Physicochemical and also qualitative and quantitative analyzes of phytoplankton were performed in water analysis laboratory of Saneago. Specimens of cyanobacteria were analyzed with microscopy “Zeiss Axiostar plus”, and micro-photographed with image capture system “Axiocam ERc5s” and also with imaging system “Axiovision”. The initial phase of filling of the reservoir demonstrated the greatest efficiency on rainy period of the year, nevertheless, the intermediate phase, which was on dry period, showed lower efficiency. The blooms were observed as characteristics of rainy periods of the year. In the first period, there was the dominance of Geitlerinema amphibium and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and in the second period, Aphanocapsa delicatissima was observed as dominant. It was monitored that during the filling phase, there was predominance of filamentous cyanobacteria and in the final phase, dominance was of the colonial organisms. The PCA indicated that the explanatory variables of the system were turbidity, total phosphorus and Secchi disk depth extinction coefficient (axis 1 to 31.7%). In Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA), sampling units were influenced on the 1º axis by the dominance of G. amphibium at the stage of filling, when the turbidity was high and Secchi depth (axis 1 to 14.8%, p <0.05; environment correlation of species 0.806) was lower. The Detrended Correspondence Analysis confirmed the distribution of taxa among different climatic periods. For the state of Goiás, 28 taxa were mentioned for the first timeItem Características anatômicas da raiz de Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty submetida a esgoto sanitário(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-03-31) Carvalho Filho, Felipe João; Almeida, Rogério de Araújo; Graciano-Ribeiro, Dalva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5330699702723299; Graciano-Ribeiro, Dalva; Alonso, Alexandre Antônio; Castro, Evaristo Mauro deThe vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty) is a plant of Asian origin used for production of perfumes (from an oil extracted from its roots), erosion control, restoration of degraded areas, crafts, phytoremediation, feeding animals and sewage treatment in areas where lack basic sanitation. This study evaluated the morphology and anatomy of the root of C. zizanioides submitted to the waste, in order to confirm the hypothesis that changes in their development due to different oxygen concentrations. The experiment was conducted at the Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) Samambaia, located on campus II of the Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG). The station is divided into Pond 1 (facultative - 186 m length) and Pond 2 (maturation - 112,90 m in length), in which seven floats were distributed every 40 meters, a float remained in a box with potable water (control); each float three individuals were planted. Seven collections were taken during the six-month period every 28 days. The following measurements were taken: total length and outer diameter; the total cross sectional diameter (area), thickness of the epidermis, cortical thickness (total), thickness aerenchyma/parenchymal, thickness of endoderm, cylinder vascular diameter, diameter of the elements (metaxylem) and number of elements (metaxylem) in both proximal and distal regions. To characterize the anatomical crosssections in the proximal and distal roots were performed. The roots have a uniseriate epidermis; cortex sclerenchymatous ring, fundamental parenchyma, aerenchyma and endoderm; central cylinder unistratified pericycle, xylem and phloem and medullary region composed of parenchyma cells. There were differences in the development of aerenchyma, besides the increase in thickening of the cell walls of the cells sclerenchymatous ring, and endoderm vessel element; as well as the number of layers of the cortex and the number of vessel elements. The statistical analysis showed that there are significant differences in eight of the ten variables. In Pond 1 (facultative) there is a high concentration of organic matter and low rate of dissolved oxygen, which directly affected the development of the roots, and from the 4th collection, the ancient roots senescence and new were formed, however, did not develop the proximal region due to unfavorable conditions. In pond 2 (maturity) there is a low concentration of organic matter and higher rate of dissolved oxygen, which allowed the development of both the distal region and the proximal, however, have not reached the development presented by the roots of control. The roots were affected development in their morphology and anatomy, however, does not have structural modifications. Vetiver grass can contribute in wastewater treatment process if individuals are placed at least 160 meters from the release of raw wastewater, distance at which the concentration of dissolved oxygen shall not interfere in the formation and development of roots.Item Sistema sexual e polinização por mariposas em Simarouba versicolor (Simaroubaceae)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-08-31) Cavalcante, Raysa Kristine Oliveira; Franceschinelli, Edivani Villaron; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8863732932277904; Klein, Vera Lúcia Gomes; Pereira, Marlei; Silva Neto, Carlos de Melo e; Teles, Aristônio MagalhãesThe genus Simarouba Aubl. is composed of six species with distribution restricted to the Neotropical region and with two species (S. amara Aubl. and S. versicolor A. St.-Hil) occurring in Brazil. Simarouba amara is a dioecious species, pollinated mainly by nocturnal moths, presenting sexual and asexual reproduction. Simarouba versicolor is a species that occurs frequently in sympatry with S. amara in Cerrado environments; but nothing is known about its reproductive biology. In this way, aspects of its phenology, sexual system, reproductive success, floral biology and interaction with pollinators were studied. The study was carried out in an area of transition forest to cerrado in the municipality of Pirenópolis, Goiás. The results show that S. versicolor presents annual flowering, with floral peak in August. The species is dioecious and the male individuals flower first, produce ten times more flowers than the females, showing a larger floral display. The flowers are small, pale, without nectar guides, have nocturnal anthesis, being visited by small moths at night and small bees during the day. These characteristics were also verified in S. amara and are commonly found in dioecious species. The flowering period of both species overlaps and the pollinators sharing can occur. Simarouba versicolor presented sexual and asexual reproduction (agamospermy), with fruit formation resulted of manual cross pollination of 21%, 7% of control and 0.73% apomythic; showing lower rates than its congeneric. Future experiments that verify the occurrence of pollinator sharing and hybridization between these two species are suggested.Item Morfologia, micromorfologia e anatomia de nectários extraflorais em espécies de Senna mill. e chamaecrista moench (leguminosae, cassinae)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-08-01) Cunha, Alex de Lima; Gonçalves, Letícia de Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7382650435948677; Rezende, Maria Helena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5093753722360659; Rezende, Maria Helena; Silva, Marcos José da; Silva, Kellen Lagares FerreiraMorphology, Micromorphology and Extrafloral Nectaries Anatomy in species of Senna Mill. and Chamaecrista Moench (Leguminosae, Cassinae). Extrafloral Nectaries (EFN) are nectar-secreting structures present in vegetative organs of various plant families. The EFN were identified in 113 families of Angiosperms, wherein Leguminosae was described with the greatest number of species with extrafloral nebulous in the world. The extrafloral nectaries’ shape and arrangement in plant organs are some of the effective tools that contribute to the taxonomic delimitation of several families of Angiosperms, especially the Leguminosae. This study aimed to carry out the morpho-anatomical, micromorphological and histochemical analysis of the extrafloral nectaries in Senna and Chamaecrista species, belonging to the subtribe Cassinae (Leguminosae). The plant material was collected in the following parks: Parque Estadual da Serra Dourada, Parque Estadual da Serra dos Pireneus and Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros in the state of Goiás. The leaf samples containing EFN were subjected to photonic microtechniques and electronic scanning. We studied 17 taxa containing structured and high EFN arranged mainly in the leaves, and classified into eight different forms, ranging from sessile to stipitate. It has been found that the EFN location and shape of the studied species are a useful tool in group taxonomy, especially the generic level, since in Senna the EFN are located, usually in the rachis, the foliolar inserts, presenting conical, digitiform, fusiform, globular and ovoid, whereas in the Chamaecrista EFN are usually petiole, pateliform, obovoid and caliciform. The EFN varieties of C. desvauxii were studied in their anatomical structures and exhibited some similarities in the anatomical and histochemical organization. However, some characteristics distinguish themselves and can be used in the taxonomy of species, such as the nectariferous parenchyma presence in the NEF edge of Chamaecrista desvauxii var. peronadenia, feature not observed in other varieties; subnectariferous parenchyma cells elongated anticlinally in varieties Chamaecrista desvauxii var. langisdorffii and Chamaecrista desvauxii var. peronadenia; besides the occurrence of nucleated sclereids associated with vascular tissues in Chamaecrista desvauxii var. molissima. This study contributes to new information on the EFN species because the literature did not present information on the secreted chemical nature as well as its structural organization, confirming that the present secretory structures are really EFN.Item Potencial madeireiro de 22 espécies arbóreas do cerrado: caracterização anatômica, física e energética(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-04-25) Faria, Mayara Cristina Gomes de; Chagas, Matheus Peres; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6833790612735262; Sette Junior, Carlos Roberto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6511764239807115; Sette Junior, Carlos Roberto; Rezende, Maria Helena; Chagas, Matheus PeresIn Cerrado there are about 6.500 species of woody flora, more than 40% are endemic, little known and poorly studied from the point of wood quality. The objective of this study is to determine timber potential from tree species that belongs to Cerrado biome, aiming the correct utilization to support sustainable forest management. Twenty two (22) woody species were selected for sampling, when radial trunk nondestructive samples (at diameter at breast height - DBH) were taken, using a increment probe and a motorized extractor metal probe. In the collected samples, the following variables were evaluated: wood density by x-ray densitometry and anatomical characteristics (dimensions of the vessels and fibers) and energy (carbon, ash and volatiles). Minimum wood density ranged from 0,36 to 0,72 g / cm³, while the maximum from 0,75 to 1,21 g / cm³. Radial profiles of density variation of the species showed two different patterns, being them crescent or stable in the direction of pith-bark. Studied species showed a variation of 900,5 to 2052,9 μm to length; 18,1 to 27,7 μm for width; 4,4 to 9,4 μm for the wall thickness and from 3,5 to 16,3 μm for the lumen diameter of the fibers. The species show between them, a common model of radial variation to the length and thickness of the fibers while the lumen diameter and width of the fibers have no common models between the species. For vessels the variation ranged from 29,2 to 155,6 μm for their diameter; 17,7 to 32,5% of occupied area and 2,6 to 165 vessels/mm². Density showed correlation with cell wall thickness of fibers, vessel diameter and percentage of area occupied by these. For the energy characteristics, the species show a variation of 74,0 to 83,7% for volatile materials content, 0,1 to 1,8% for ash content and 15,5 to 25,5% for fixed carbon content. Energy characteristics ash content, fixed carbon and volatiles are responsible for 70% of the data variance from principal component analysis data. Technological characterization of the wood were important tools for directing possible uses of the species and it can be considered as subsidies for future work and for sustainable forest management of timber forest resources, contributing to the diversification of exploited species and decrease the pressure on those who are at risk of extinction.Item Morfoanatomia, tricomas glandulares e análise fitoquímica de Trichogonia eupatorioides (Gardner) R. M. King & H. Rob (ASTERACEAE-EUPATORIEAE) ocorrente em área de cerrado rupestre(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-02-27) Fernandes, Yanne Sousa; Gonçalves, Letícia de Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7382650435948677; Gonçalves, Letícia de Almeida; Safadi, Giuliana Muniz Vila Verde; Rezende, Maria HelenaCerrado rupestre is a subtype of arboreal-shrub vegetation that occurs in rupestrian and rocky habitats. Trichogonia eupatorioides (Gardner) R. M. King & H. Rob belongs to the tribe Eupatorieae of the family Asteraceae, and it is endemic to Brazil. Given the scant knowledge of the botanical traits of this species, the present study aimed to describe the morpho-anatomy of leaves and stems, characterize and identify developmental stages of glandular trichomes, detect the presence of metabolites by phytochemical screening, and determine the composition of the essential oil from aerial vegetative and reproductive parts of T. eupatorioides from a cerrado rupestre area. Samples of T. eupatorioides were collected from the Biological Reserve “Prof. José Ângelo Rizzo” of Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG). Fully expanded leaves, stems, stem apices, flowers and involucral bracts were used for the morpho-anatomical study and to describe glandular trichomes. Aerial vegetative and reproductive organs were used for the phytochemical study. T. eupatorioides shares anatomical traits with other species described in the literature, such as amphistomatic leaves, anomocytic and anisocytic stomata, epidermal cells with sinuous anticlinal walls and thick external periclinal walls, glandular and non-glandular trichomes, endodermis with starch and Casparian strips, fibers associated to the vascular bundle, and secretory ducts. The glandular trichomes secrete essential oils and phenolic compounds and may be uniseriate or biseriate. The differentiation of the glandular trichomes begins with the expansion of a protodermal cell. The first division is anticlinal for biseriate trichomes, and periclinal for uniseriate ones. The phytochemical screening identified flavonoid and cardiac glycosides and coumarins. Twenty components of the essential oil were identified; of these, 95% were sesquiterpenes. The major components were the sesquiterpenes 3,5-muuroladiene (39.56%), butylated hydroxytoluene (13.07%), and (E)-caryophyllene (5.63%).Item Simarouba amara aubl. (simaroubaceae): estudo da biologia reprodutiva e suas variaçoes fenotípicas em áreas distintas do cerrado do Brasil Central(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-03-23) Ferreira, Indiara Nunes Mesquita; Silva, Daniel Paiva; http://buscacv.cnpq.br/buscacv/#/espelho?nro_id_cnpq_cp_s=1409353191899248; Franceschinelli, Edivani Villaron; http://buscacv.cnpq.br/buscacv/#/espelho?nro_id_cnpq_cp_s=8863732932277904; Franceschinelli, Edivani Villaron; Consolaro, Helder Nagai; Silva Neto, Carlos de Melo eAbstract: Simarouba amara Aubl. is a dioecious species belonging to the family Simaroubaceae. Its occurrence is recorded from the wetlands of Costa Rica in Central America to the Center-West region of Brazil. It can reach up to 35 m high in the Amazonia Forest, where its occurrence may be very common. The great majority of the studies on the species refer to the pharmacological aspects inherent to the metabolic compounds present in the species of the family Simaroubaceae. There are also other approaches on their application in reforestation of degraded areas, and the commercial use of wood. However, studies on their reproductive biology are scarce. It is known that its sexual system is dioecious, which makes it depends on vectors to promote the flow of pollen between the individuals of different sexes. However, its system of pollination is still unknown. Studies suggest that in its wide distribution, the species presents phenotypic variations according to its environment of occurrence. The Cerrado is composed of a mosaic of vegetation submitted to differences in climate, relief and soil, which may favor the expression of phenotypic plasticity in some species. In this sense, the aim of this dissertation was initially to investigatethe reproductive biology of S. amara, involving aspects of floral biology, phenology, sexual and pollination system. In addition, we sought to investigate whether the species presents phenotypic variations in its morphology and reproductive system in distinct environments of the Cerrado, such as forest and cerrado sensu stricto. Therefore, the dissertation was structured in two chapters: in the first, the reproductive biology of Simarouba amara Aubl. (Simaroubaceae) was investigated in Semideciduous Forest of Central Brazil. In the second chapter, the variations in the reproductive biology of Simarouba amara Aubl. (Simaroubaceae) was analysed in the environment of Semideciduous Forest and cerrado sensu stricto.Item Biodiversidade de diatomáceas (bacillariophyta) em córregos conservados do cerrado(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-03-24) França, Alline Alves; Oliveira, Bárbara Dunck; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4207020U4; Felisberto, Sirlene Aparecida; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4760916H6(Pinnularia Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta) of pristine streams of Central Brazil). This study aimed to inventory the species of the genus Pinnularia present in pristine streams located in the cerrado biome (Midwest Brazil) between the years 2012 and 2013. The periphyton was collected in five streams in the savannah, in different substrates and seasons. Were identified 23 species, of which 17 are on the 1st occurrence of citations for the Midwest Region: P. angustivalva, P. butantanum, P. castraregina, P. divergens var. biconstricta, P. divergens var. mesoleptiformis, P. divergens var. protracta, P. gibba var. subundulata, P. meridiana var. meridiana, P. microstrauron var. rostrata, P. paulensis, P. persudetica var. persudetica, P. subgibba var. angustarea, P. subgibba var. capitada, P. superpaulensis, P. viridiformis var. minor and P. undula var. undula. Taxa that had a higher frequency of occurrence in the studied streams were P. subanglica, P. angustivalva, P. brauniana and P. butantanum.Item Revisão taxonômica das espécies de Manihot Mill. (Euphorbiaceae, Crotonoideae, Manihoteae) com folhas inteiras, não lobadas ou curtamente lobadas(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-07-12) Inocêncio, Laís de Souza; Alonso, Alexandre Antônio; http://lates.cnpq.br/7370508494557284; Silva, Marcos José da; http://lates.cnpq.br/9449484790926524; Sales, Margareth Ferreira de; Dias, Heleno Ferreira; Silva, Marcos José da; Rezende, Maria Helena; Nogueira, Ina de SouzaEuphorbiaceae is the largest family of Malpighiales and one of the largest of Angiosperms encompassing 246 genera and approximately 6,000 species in the tropics, where Brazil stands out with 64 and 941 representatives, respectively. Manihot Mill. belongs to the subfamily Crotonoideae, tribe Manihoteae, consists of over 100 species, 66 of them endemic to Brazil, besides being one of the genera that has the most complex taxonomy in the family, since it presents conserved floral morphology and diverse vegetative morphological variation. In this genus, there are several leaf morphological patterns, one of them represented by species traditionally allocated in the sections Brevipetiolatae Pax and Peltatae Pax, which, although not monophyletic, include plants easily recognized by the leaves entire, sessile to petiolate, with blade not lobed or shortly lobed. These species are little and/or poorly known, have classification problems, inaccurate geographical distribution, non-evaluated conservation status, and they have not been studied for at least 40 years. This master’s dissertation aimed to review the taxonomy of species of Manihot with leaves entire, unlobed, or shortly lobed applying usual methods of plant taxonomy. As the results of this dissertation, we present four articles, which have been standardized according to the journals where they have been or are going to be published. The first article is a taxonomic revision of the aforementioned species, in which 17 taxa were recognized, three of them new to science (Manihot allemii, M. fallax, and M. scandens), as 12 lectotypifications and a synonymization were performed. In addition to the description of the species, it shows photographs and illustrations for some of them, as well as comments about its morphological relationships, conservation status, period of flowering and fruiting, and distribution maps. The second, third, and fourth articles bring descriptions of three new species, one of them already published and the other two already accepted for publication. Our results provide systematic, ecological, and evolutionary knowledge of the genus Manihot, especially the species studied, and also offer support to other similar studies of the genus.Item Estudo taxonômico das espécies da família Cucurbitaceae Juss. ocorrentes no Distrito Federal, Brasil(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-09-27) Leal, Iada Anderson Barbosa; Gomes-Klein, Vera Lúcia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6477452328378345Taxonomical study of species from the family Cucurbitaceae Juss. that occur on the Federal District (Distrito Federal), Brazil – The Cucurbitaceae Juss. family is numerous and widespread in its respective taxa, however, with conflicting data about the exact numbers regarding them. The present work is a survey of plants of this family found in the Federal District, Brazil, with the scope of refining the accuracy of such data. With this intention, some analysis of exsicates deposited in national and international herbaria were made and some expeditions were done at the area of study. Seven genera and fourteen native species were found in the researched area, as well as five genera and five species cultivated or subespontaneus. Related to native plants, the genus Cayaponia Silva Manso presented a greater number os species (5), followed by Melothria L. (3) and Psiguria Neck ex Arn. (2), being the genera Gurania Cogn., Melothrianthus Mart. Crov.; Sicyos L. and Wilbrandia Silva Manso are represented by only one specie for each one of those. Considering only the material deposited in herbaria, five species were found cultivated or subespontaneous: Cucumis dipsaceus Ehrenb., Cucurbita maxima Duch., Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl., Luffa cylindrica M. Roem. and Momordica charantia L.Item Distilia em Faramea multiflora em um fragmento de floresta no bioma cerrado(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-03-28) Lopes, Danilo Luiz; Consolaro, Hélder Nagai; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3914598655311565; Coelho, Christiano Perez; Franceschinelli, Edivani Villaron; Consolaro, Hélder NagaiDistillic species have both types of hercogamy, but in separate individuals, called pin (long-styled) and thrum (short-styled) morphs, characterizing reciprocal herkogamy. This type of floral polymorphism is usually accompanied by a system of heteromorphic self-incompatibility and dysthilic populations tend to have an equal proportion of morphs. The present work aimed to study reproductive biology and verify the pollen flow between the morphs of Faramea multiflora (L). Rich The work was carried out at Santa Cruz Municipal Natural Park in Catalão, southwest of Goiás, Brazil. Information was obtained on phenology, floral biology, floral morphometry, reciprocal hercogamy, isopletia, reproductive system, day and night floral visitors, floral morphometry of both morphs, pollen dimorphism, pollen production and pollen transfer. The population showed mass flowering in the rainy season. Both morphs showed daytime anthesis, but remain long-lived at night attracting night pollinators. The morphs showed reciprocal hercogamy only among the lower sexual whorls and only the height of the thrum morph stigma is not influenced by the size of the corolla. Both morphs showed self-compatibility, especially the thrum morph. F. multiflora flowers were visited by two main groups of pollinators, butterflies during the day and moths at night. Some characteristics appear to be associated with a generalist pollination system, such as the mass flowering pattern and floral longevity that attracts daytime and nighttime pollinators. In addition to the loss of reciprocity between the upper verticils, the study population also presented relaxation in the self-incompatibility system, which may have contributed to the deviation observed in isoplety. Both daytime and nighttime pollinators visited more flowers of the thrum morph, but apart from flower production, which was higher for the thrum morph, no other characteristic seems to explain this difference in the rate of visits. Dimorphism in pollen grain size was observed, with the thrum morph showing larger grains, however, there was no difference in pollen production between the morphs. Stigmas of the thrum morph received more pollen grains and when analyzed for grain quality, the thrum morph also received more legitimate grains while for illegitimate grains there was difference only when analyzing the separate treatments, again with the thrum morph receiving more grains. The pin morph showed a higher male function, while the thrum morph showed a higher female function. Even with pollen dimorphism, pollen production was the same for both morphs. What may be happening in the study population is a deviation in the reproductive fitness of the morphs, which may lead to the total loss of the self-incompatible morph, in this case the pin, and the population to become monomorphic thrum.Item Estudo ecotoxicológico em machos e fêmeas de Poecilia reticulata expostos a um efluente pesqueiro do município de Goiânia (GO)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-08-18) Machado, Rafael Cosme; Nogueira, Ina de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3877834258990173; Sabóia-Morais, Simone Maria Teixeira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6723881044959716; Sabóia-Morais, Simone Maria Teixeira de; Rodriguez, Armando Garcia; Pires Júnior, Osmindo Rodrigues; Lee, Chen ChenThe toxicity of environmental contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), heavy metals and cyanotoxins has frequently been investigated for its biochemical, cellular and pathological aspects on animals and humans. Among heavy metals, copper is a chemical element that in trace concentrations is commonly found in natural and artificial lakes. The increase in the concentration of this metal in fishing ponds due to the use of algicides, such as CuSO4, or by leaching of the soil, is responsible for the intoxication of aquatic organisms, particularly fish, therefore representing a potential risk to human health. The aim of this study was to determine the phytoplanktonic composition, physicochemical characteristics and the main organic and inorganic contaminants of the water bodies, as well as to evaluate the acute toxicity of the crude effluent from the Jaó fishing pond using histological, ethological, genotoxic and enzymatic endpoints in Poecilia reticulata. Concentrations of Cu2+, phosphorus and nitrogen were higher than allowed by CONAMA resolutions 357 and 430, which, in synergy with other chemical contaminants in the mixture, caused acute toxicity to P. reticulata exposed during the dry season (EC50-96h of 60.48% for males and 85.08% for females) and for rainy (EC50-96h of 32.29% for males and of 49.50% for females). This study demonstrated that copper has a pronounced deposition on the hepatic parenchyma of males and females of P. reticulata. In the analysis of the medial portion of the small intestine, it was observed that the increase in mucin production is a physiological response to stress induced by copper, quantified in the fishing effluent, so that the same results were observed when the specimens were exposed to the average lethal concentration of 96 hours (CL50-96h) to Cu2+ (0.82 ± 0.17 mg.L-1 of CuSO4). It was also observed the genotoxic effect of the effluent from the dry and rainy season on the P. reticulata erythrocytes, so that the females had a higher sensitivity (p <0.05) to the copper contamination. In enzymatic assays, the activity of carboxylesterase (CarbE) was reduced (p <0.05) in females exposed to the rainy season effluent and no changes in the activity of catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were observed. Mitigating measures should be taken to reduce contamination by copper and macronutrients in the fishing pond studied, thus avoiding potential risks to the aquatic and human communities.
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