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Item Interpretações históricas do Brasil e as origens da área de ensino de Ciências brasileira(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-06-10) Araujo, Kauara Kamila Souza; Genovese, Luiz Gonzaga Roversi; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6558932652149049; Genovese, Luiz Gonzaga Roversi; Megid Neto, Jorge; Carvalho, Julio Cesar Queiroz deGiven the perception of the internalist trend of the historiography of the Brazilian Science Education area and the lack of dialogue with the history of Brazil, this research aimed to establish relations between the Brazilian national historiography, worked by Jessé Souza, with the historiography of the area of Brazilian Science Education found in specialized literature. In his works, the theoretical reference of this research, Jessé Souza, analyzes the historical interpretations of Brazil. Interpretations, in the plural, because in Jessé Souza's work two interpretations of the history of Brazil are exposed. The first interpretation seeks our origins in a remote past of Portuguese society and identifies, as the origin of our ills, a supposed backwardness of the country and, mainly, of the State. This first interpretation has between its representatives Sérgio Buarque de Holanda and Raymundo Faoro and is called patrimonialist, because, according to it, our society and our State are corrupt, personalist and patrimonialist.The second interpretation is proposed by Jessé Souza based on the works of other great national interpreters such as Gilberto Freyre and Florestan Fernandes. This second interpretation identifies our origins in slavery and perceives exclusion and social inequality as being our greatest ills. In order to dialogue with national history, we have selected some texts available in the specialized literature that deal with the history of the Brazilian Science Education area and which are repeatedly cited in the area to deal with their history. Through a qualitative approach and after several joint readings of the selected texts for analysis and the theoretical reference, five categories were created that relate the history of the area and the historical interpretations of Brazil addressed by the work of Jessé souza. The first category relates the theory of modernization, closely linked to the patrimonialist interpretation of Brazil, with the financial aid from international and North American agencies for the production of didactic materials and the training of teachers recurrently mentioned in the history of Science Education. The second category relates the aspiration of national modernization promoted by the patrimonialist historiographic line with Science Education in Brazil. The third category deals with the “São Paulo myth” or São Paulo exceptionality defended by the patrimonialist interpretation of the country and the incentives for the emergence of the area in that state. The fourth category relates some decisive moments for the area with the anti-popular pact made by the elite with the Brazilian middle class. Finally, the fifth category relates the military dictatorship's attempts to acquire legitimacy with the large investments in the scientific field made by the military that were decisive for the consolidation of the Science Education area in Brazil. Reflections supported by the referred categories point out that the history of the area presented in the analyzed literature has links with the patrimonialist interpretation of Brazil that underrates the slave-based aspects of our history and covers up our brutal and current social inequality. Lastly, it is made one suggestion for the Brazilian Science Education area: a greater intellectual involvement with the issues of inequality and social exclusion in BrazilItem Institucionalização do estado plurinacional como instrumento para efetivação dos direitos humanos: uma perspectiva comparada entre Brasil e Bolívia(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-06-26) Cerqueira, David Martins de; Joo, Carlos Ugo Santander; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8838030644558019; Joo, Carlos Ugo Santander; Wenczenovicz, Thaís Janaína; Leitão, Rosani MoreiraA principios del siglo XXI, surge una nueva institucionalidad democrática en América Latina: la Constitución del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. estudio es analizar el Estado Plurinacional como instrumento para la realización de los derechos humanos desde una perspectiva comparativa entre Brasil y Bolivia. El trabajo académico forma parte de la línea de investigación sobre derechos humanos y ciudadanía en América Latina. Las discusiones presentes en esta disertación se basan en una perspectiva decolonial y, sobre todo, en los principios de la epistemología del sur. El trabajo comienza, en primer lugar, a partir de un esfuerzo por rescatar la memoria, las luchas y la resistencia colonial. Posteriormente, se analizan los avances y retrocesos presentes en la lógica de Estado plurinacional y uninacional. Toda la estructura de la tesis está intercalada por las diferencias y similitudes presentes en los dos países con respecto a la realización de los derechos humanos. Desde un enfoque crítico, se trabaja en el proceso de modernidad/colonialidad, la formación de estados nacionales, el proyecto del nuevo constitucionalismo latinoamericano, el pluralismo jurídico y el monismo y las concepciones de la vida de la Filosofía de Vivir Bien. Por lo tanto, es posible tener una visión panorámica de los éxitos y contradicciones insertadas en las transformaciones sociales, políticas y legales que ocurrieron en Brasil y Bolivia, y concluir en qué medida el proyecto del Estado Plurinacional sirve como instrumento para la realización de los derechos humanos.Item Emprego de sensoriamento remoto nas estimativas de concentração de sedimentos em água(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-09-24) Holdefer, Antônio Eliseu; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0787413754235970; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; Souza, Saulo Bruno Silveira e; Santos, Felipe Correa Veloso dos; Medeiros, Antonio Marcos de MeloSuspended sediments in rivers and on the coastline affects the hydrological, geomorphological and ecological aspects of flood plains and deltas. Traditional SSC insitu measurement is most often challenging in terms of time, cost, qualified personnel, and space coverage. Remote satellite sensing offers a convenient way to cover large areas at reasonable intervals of time. The objective of this study is to develop an approach to the use of public accessible satellite images to quantify the concentration of suspended sediments (SSC) in Brazilian rivers, watersheds and coastline. In addition to obtaining historical trends, for a better understanding of the CSS variations that have occurred over the past three decades. The approach used in the articles present in this thesis makes use of indexes derived from the reflectance values of the spectral bands of the satellite images in order to estimate the value of SSC present in rivers, coast and watersheds, making use of values measured in situ for the calibration of such values. The present thesis consists of the introduction to the topic, methods and four articles, the first article makes a general approach to the current state of the art for the derivation of SSC values through indexes derived from the reflectance values of the spectral bands of satellite images. The second article makes use of SSC estimation techniques to study the sediment concentration variations in water along the Araguaia River. The third article makes a temporal analysis of SSC variations in the Brazilian basins in the last 32 years. The fourth article presents a new methodology for the temporal analysis of the SSC variations along the entire Brazilian coastline for the last 32 years. Among the main innovations present in this thesis we can highlight: 1) Estimation of SSC throughout the entire Brazilian territory, together with historical trends. 2) Use of LandSat family of terrestrial satellites to estimate the concentration of SSC for the entire Brazilian coast, at a distance of up to 50 km from the Brazilian coast, also with historical trends.Item Avaliação da disponibilidade hídrica superficial no estado de Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-12) Honório, Michelle da Silva; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0787413754235970 Nomes dos; Scalize, Paulo Sérgio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0957896448117207; Scalize, Paulo Sérgio; Bezerra, Nolan Ribeiro; Ferreira, Nilson ClementinoBased on the principle that water resources are limited and vulnerable, associated with the use by a growing population, industrial and agricultural expansion, management in an integrated manner is necessary, with the use of preventing damage and ensuring the use of quality water and quantity for the present and future society. The issuance of grants in the state of Goiás for the use of state-owned waters is under the responsibility of the Secretaria de Estado de Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, which describes in the Resolução n° 09, de 04 de maio de 2005 the conditions and criteria for effecting the authorizations. In this process, knowledge of water availability is paramount, but obtaining hydrological information directly is not always possible and, in many situations, tools are needed to assist in obtaining this information, such as flow regionalization. So, this study had as main objective to evaluate water availability in surface catchment basins for public supply in the state of Goiás, through the comparison between the traditional method of flow regionalization and the method used by the water resources management agency in Goiás Of the 195 surface catchment basins analyzed, it was found that 27.7% have flows granted that exceed the flow that can be granted and/or exceed the reference flow present in 95% of the time. It was concluded that these catchment basins for public supply are in critical situations and that the grants, granted in these places, exert an excessive pressure on the springs, since the withdrawal of water is greater than allowed. As much as water availability estimates have been carried out using flow regionalization, these areas can be considered as priorities for the planning and management of water resources and for implementing actions based, for example, on payment for environmental services.Item Abordagem contextualizada e interdisciplinar nos capítulos de equilíbrio químico e eletroquímica em livros didáticos de química aprovados pelo PNLD/2008/2012/2015/2018(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-06-17) Leite, Maycon Batista; Soares, Márlon Herbert Flora Barbosa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9698540158266610; Soares, Márlon Herbert Flora Barbosa; Echeverría, Agustina Rosa; Rosa, Dalva Eterna Gonçalves; Mello, Irene Cristina de; Rosa, Maria Inês de Freitas Petrucci dos SantosThe contextualization and interdisciplinarity in the teaching of chemistry imply the comprehension of social reality, through a critical-reflexive approach to the studied context, which circumscribes the very process of construction of scientific and technological knowledge as well as the appropriations and implications of this knowledge in the globalized world. The app are constitutive approaches of the epistemological action, inherent to the educational process, which result in the act of transposition from one context to another and to the internal structures of the learner, constituting knowledge. The Didactic Book is "the" didactic resource of greatest relevance in the teaching of chemistry in Brazil and the National Program of the Didactic Book, “Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD )”, presents as its main purpose to impose a minimum standard of quality to the didactic book offered in the Brazilian publishing market. This work was developed with the objective of investigating which are the concepts of interdisciplinary and contextualized approach that the authors of the chemistry didactic book, approved by the PNLD/2008/2012/2015/2018, present in the chapters of Chemical and Electrochemical Equilibrium of their respective works. And, also, to verify if the PNLD is promoting an inductive effect in the improvement of the quality of the chemistry didactic book, regarding the analyzed concepts. The research is eminently qualitative and documental, in which the documents analyzed were the 10 works of Chemistry approved in the respective PNLD, divided into 27 volumes. For that, we resorted to Bardin content analysis, which presents itself as an analytical method of supplementary information through new meanings "hidden" by a first reading of the text, concomitantly with the manipulation of messages to highlight the indicators that allow inference about a reality other than the immediate message. The method provided us with data that made it possible to create four categories of analysis from the perspective of contextualization and three categories from the perspective of interdisciplinarity. Those of contextualization were characterized from the different "context levels" presented, among which the one that came closest to the contextualized approach was the one that promoted greater approximation between school chemical knowledge and social reality, which went beyond the simple textual approach and the scientific description of daily life. The category that came closest to interdisciplinarity was the one that established the greatest degree of integration among the different disciplines, simultaneously to the capacity of relating interdisciplinary scientific knowledge to the understanding of contexts and problems inherent to social reality. The analysis revealed that six of the ten works analyzed presented contexts representative of contextualization as an approximation between chemical knowledge and social reality and only one of these six presented, simultaneously, conceptual integrations and contexts representative of interdisciplinarity as an understanding of problems inherent to social reality. Four works, the ones that did not get new approval in the last PNLDs, of 2015 and 2018, presented a reducing view of contextualization in their respective works. Nine of the ten works did not present a representative approach of interdisciplinarity as an understanding of contexts and problems inherent to social reality. In general, the didactic books are more focused on the scientific description of daily life as a perspective of contextualization and interdisciplinarity. The PNLD promoted an inductive effect in the improvement of the quality of chemistry idactic book, regarding the concepts analyzed in the chapters of Chemical and Electrochemical Equilibrium, in the movement that was configured in the ten years of the program. It is important to emphasize the dynamic "process" character of the work of the PNLD and of the authors and authors of the didactic book, which implies the continuity of the research that involves the analysis of the didactic book of Chemistry of the PNLD.Item Educação ambiental nas licenciaturas em Química dos Institutos Federais no Brasil(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-06-12) Magela, Wesley Falcão; Mesquita, Nyuara Araújo da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6971106875143413; Guimarães, Simone Sendin Moreira; Layrargues, Philippe Pomier; Mesquita, Nyuara Araújo da SilvaEnvironmental Education arises in the context of understanding the urgency of the environmental crisis and the need to seek effective and short-term responses to its mitigation. It is consolidated, on a global level, in the great conferences organized by the United Nations in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s. In Brazil, this consolidation takes place through the National Environmental Education Policy published in 1999. Its field is built through the clash between different objectives and different conceptions of EA, who fight among themselves to assert themselves as the “most legitimate”. In addition to defining characteristics for EA, different perspectives compete for the affirmation of notions of the world, society, social well-being, work and life. This conflict for the hegemony of the field ends up crossing the teacher training, with the different understandings of EA permeating the teacher training courses. In this sense, this research aimed to investigate the concepts of AE present in the formation of chemical educators developed in the Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology, having as a corpus the Pedagogical Projects of 78 courses for the formation of Chemistry teachers offered in these institutions in 23 states and the Federal District. The documents were analyzed with the aid of Textual Discursive Analysis (ATD), which comprises the dismantling of texts, the categorization and capture of the new emerging. For this investigation, two categories were created following the deductive-inductive method: conception of AE present at PCP and profile of the chemical educator for AE present at PCP. The results of the documentary analysis carried out show us the predominance, in the analyzed courses, of a conservative environmental education, of an apolitical and biologizing character, which denotes a reductionist understanding related to the idea that the simple change of individual behaviors will be sufficient to mitigate the environmental crisis we experience, which is reflected in the profile of the chemical educator trained there.Item A ocupação de áreas savânicas no Brasil e Moçambique(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-07-15) Oliveira, Wellington Nunes de; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6466969611652630; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; Miziara, Fausto; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; Ribeiro, Noely Vicente; Kopp, Katia AlcioneThe agricultural areas formation due to the growing demand for food and its pressure on ecosystems is a worldwide issue. Among these ecosystems, the savannah regions deserve special attention due to the accelerated degradation process that occurred in the last decades. In this context, through the use of geoprocessing tools, this thesis sought to perform a multitemporal analysis of the occupation of savanna environments in Brazil and Africa, considering the technological limits of orbital sensors, and also to estimate scenarios for the occupation of savanna areas in Mozambique. In Brazil, the Cerrado biome has a very consolidated occupation by agriculture, occupying about half of its geographical extension. On the African continent, there is another savanna area, also known as Miombo, which, although quite fragmented, is still less anthropized compared to the Cerrado, but with increases in the occurrences of deforestation and / or pyrogenic events. Through the mapping of land use and occupation it was possible to verify that the African Miombo has 77.86% of its native vegetation preserved, while the Cerrado has 53.48%. Specifically in Mozambique, one of the objects of study of this research, the coverage of remnants of native vegetation presented an average value of 62.25% of its preserved area. As for pyrogenic events, although the Cerrado and Miombo are ecosystems that have some phytophysiognomies adapted to fire, their use for the conversion of virgin areas for planting, and to stimulate the regrowth of pastures is quite harmful, causing several damages to biodiversity. In the analyzed period, the scars of fires represented approximately 92,500 km2 and 721,900 km2, respectively, for Cerrado and Miombo. For the estimation of land use and occupation scenarios in Mozambique, the potential distribution model was used, through Maxent (Maximum Entropy), which presented a predictive scenario for the year 2022 of 51.26% of preserved native vegetation. Whether through multitemporal analysis or the projection of scenarios, it is possible to note the acceleration of the conversion of native vegetation cover into agricultural crops and pastures in the savannas. In this way, this study collaborates with the generation of a database to better represent the conservation panorama, as well as the degree of anthropization suffered by these savannas.Item Consumo de drogas e crenças sociais: um estudo entre a comunidade acadêmica da Universidade Federal de Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-10-31) Pessoa, Karen Cristina Alves; Piscoya Diaz, Mário Ernesto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8921949936090276; Lima, Ricardo Barbosa de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3943209743451118; Lima, Ricardo Barbosa de; Cardoso, Camila Caixeta; Barroso, Lúcia PereiraThis dissertation analyzes data from the research “Violence, conflicts and crimes on the Federal University of Goiás campuses” to investigate drug use in the academic community and their social beliefs. The first part of the analysis focuses on understanding and discussing the consumption within the university as a social phenomenon, building the profile of the consumer and of the consumption, either by the substances consumed, the consumption of the academic community within the university spaces, as well as by the poly consumption. Followed by the analysis of the social beliefs of the academic community and of the comparison of the beliefs of consumers and abstainers. The quantitative approach employed in the research used descriptive visualization techniques, variable resizing, and result validation. The results of the investigation show that the profile of drug use is concentrated in Regional Goiânia, being higher among students; that the most consumed substances are alcohol, tobacco and marijuana; the existence, even the smallest, of consumption within the University premises and of multiple consumption. Regarding social beliefs, comparing consumers and abstainers, we have the congruence of positions for discussions on social topics such as Drugs; Right to Kill and Weapons; and disagreement between groups for discussions on social issues Race; Genre; LGBTI+; Police, Crime and Jail; Politics, Government and Human Rights. It is concluded that, the differences between consumers and abstainers cannot be explained and reduced to the social beliefs shared by two groups, other variables need to be incorporated and combined in the analyzes.Item O processo de estigmatização do adolescente em conflito com a lei: uma análise dos projetos de lei propostos nos anos de 2013 a 2019(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-05-28) Silva, Flávia Ribeiro da; Silva, Magno Luiz Medeiros da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8829860934484429; Silva, Magno Luiz Medeiros da; Gonçalves Neto, João da Cruz; Pinheiro, Douglas Antônio RochaThis dissertation has, as its object of analysis, the labeling of adolescents in conflict with the law. It presents the results achieved with the development of an academic research on the process of labeling adolescents in conflict with the law, carried out through the legislative talk printed out in bills of law proposed on the theme of reducing the number of criminal majority. The research was developed in 2019, and adopted a qualitative approach to study the selected bills, having as source the Legislative Information System of the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil, using as research guide the term: reduction of criminal majority. The research has, as its time frame, the years from 2013 to 2019, and in its view the brazilian context. The pertinent normative study involving the constitutional positivization of themes related to childhood and adolescence was used as a theoretical discussion, as well as complementary legislative diplomas such as the Statute of the Child and Adolescent, in addition to significant authors in the discussion related to the sociology of deviation, labeling, stigma, subordination and punishment. We used social studies to initially engage in a discussion about the labeling of adolescents in conflict with the law as a structural process, and we used legislative proposals as an example of this process that will result in the incrimination of subjects. The main result found comes from the demonstration of the emergence of numerous projects related to the theme in order to verify the use of similar arguments that sustain the creation and maintenance of labels.Item Interações químicas e interculturais: uma proposta de educação em química de forma lúdica por meio dos direitos humanos e da arte transgressora do grafite(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-06-09) Silva, Kleber Francisco da; Oliveira, Roberto Dalmo Varallo Lima de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4443676750886349; Soares, Márlon Herbert Flora Barbosa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9698540158266610; Soares, Márlon Herbert Flora Barbosa; Longhin, Sandra Regina; Dias, Luciana de OliveiraRethinking Chemistry Education sustained by Human Rights Education is enabling students to humanize moral and ethical values from an egalitarian society in rights and plural in diversities, this dissertation aimed to provide through the Ethnographic Case Study method and Content Analysis Technique a reflection on the teaching and learning of this science beyond the concepts of chemical interactions, but also for social-political-cultural issues in order to promote an Education that transfigures the traditional Eurocentric model and established hegemonic power, once the transgression and empowerment promotes playfulness in the individual or collective social visibility of individuals, in addition to enabling the assimilation of scientific and social content. Pleasure, Art, Chemistry, Struggle and Human Rights are the cornerstones of this research, may this format of Education awaken the confidence of an increasingly equitable and emancipatory society in us.Item A formação docente na licenciatura em matemática da UFG: a colonização/decolonização do conhecimento no currículo na perspectiva das relações étnico-raciais(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-04-28) Sousa, Devaneide Barbosa de; Nazareno, Elias; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1486334927436240; Souza, Roberto Barcelos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4853908842861334; Souza, Roberto Barcelos; Nazareno, Elias; Ribeiro, Jose Pedro Machado; Baumann, Ana Paula PurcinaThe performance of the Black Social Movements was essential for the manifestation that the construction of the concept of race regulates Brazilian social relations. In a certain period, social movements shared the values of modernity as a strategy for reconciling the conflicts that affected them, however, several movements began to claim not only their recognition and appreciation, but, above all, for the inclusion and transformation of the modern-colonial configuration of State. In the field of education, several public policies were achieved, in which we highlight Law n.º 10.639/2003, which establishes the obligation of the theme “Afro-Brazilian History and Culture” in Basic Education curricula, and through the guidelines of opinion CNE/CP n.º 03/2004 and Resolution CNE/CP n.º 01/2004, proposes the inclusion of Ethnic-Racial Relations education in undergraduatecourses. In this way, our aim is to analyze the perceptions of students who have already completed the Supervised Internship in the Mathematics Degree Course, on how they perceive academic training to work in Basic Education, from an ethnic - racial perspective. As a political and epistemic option, we adopted Decolonial Studies as a theoretical approach, among which we mention those brought by the authors Quijano, Mignolo, Maldonado-Torres, Castro-Gómez and Nazareno. We proposed to work with a methodology that was not entirely permeated by the Eurocentric construction, so we took as a reference for data collection, the conversation, proposed by Háber, through the Conversation Wheel, and as an analysis, the methodological matrix for the Decolonial Studies suggested by Martins and Benzaquen, in addition to the positioning of “la hybris del punto cero” discussed by Castro - Gómez, in which he criticizes the universality of Eurocentric knowledge. The data reveal that future mathematics teachers do not feel prepared by the course to act in a perspective of race relations, largely due to the curricular structure of the course that does not favor discussions about the diversity and pluriethnicity of our country, inflicting markers of the coloniality of the country. power / knowledge in academic education through the Eurocentric curriculum. However, they point to individualized practices of teachers in the field of Mathematical Education, who are committed to a pedagogical political action, awakening a look at future education professionals for the existence of human beings denied, silenced and excluded in the current hegemonic system.