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Item Desenvolvimento de comprimidos contendo pellets revestidos para liberação cólon específica de cetoprofeno(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-04-25) Alencar, Rodrigo Gomes de; Marreto, Ricardo Neves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6127043775208484; Marreto, Ricardo Neves; Araújo, Adriano Antunes de Souza; Taveira, Stephânia FleuryKetoprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used for the treatment of mild to moderate pain in chronic inflammatory conditions. Due to its superior potency ketoprofen can be used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The treatment of IBD becomes safer and more effective when the drug is incorporated into colon-specific drug delivery systems. Pellets are multiparticulate solid dosage forms extensively investigated as colon-specific drug delivery systems. Pellets can be introduced into capsules or compressed into tablets. The industrial production of tablets containing pellets has several advantages when compared to the production of capsules. However, the compression of the pellets should not affect the release of the drug and the tablets should quickly disintegrate following administration. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop tablets containing ketoprofen coated pellets for colon-specific drug release. For this, pellets were produced by extrusion and spheronization technique containing 40% (w / w) ketoprofen. Ketoprofen pellets obtained were coated with two different pH - dependent polymers derived from methacrylic acid (Opadry ® k 94 or Eudragit ® FS 30D) with weight gains of 10 or 20% (w / w). The coated pellets were then compressed under different pellets’ amounts and different compression forces. An extra- granular mixture of lactose and microcrystalline cellulose was used as compression aid. The in vitro release of ketoprofen from the systems obtained was evaluated in Bio Dis ® apparatus. The morphological and physical properties of pellets and tablets were assessed. The Eudragit ® FS 30 D coated pellets with weight gains of 10 or 20% showed higher efficiency of colon-specific delivery (94 %), however, the drug was released slowly and incompletely in conditions mimicking the pH of the colonic region. After compression of the pellets, the efficiency of colon – specific drug delivery was lowered after compression (between 20% and 61%, depending on the formulation). The lowest decrease of colon specific efficiency was observed in formulations containing lower amount of pellets, which also produced disintegrating matrices with potential for use in the topical treatment of IBD.Item Desenvolvimento de complexos de inclusão sólidos contendo carvedilol e ciclodextrina pelas técnicas de leito fluidizado e spray drying(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-03-31) Alonso , Ellen Cristine Pineze; Marreto , Ricardo Neves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6127043775208484; Marreto, Ricardo Neves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6127043775208484; Cunha Filho, Marcílio Sérgio Soares da; Martins, Felipe TerraIntroduction: Cyclodextrins have been used in several industries segments, mainly in the pharmaceutical industry. This material has been employed in the complexation of poorly soluble drugs with the aim to increase bioavailability and effect. Carvedilol (CARV) is a poor soluble drug used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Its oral bioavailability is reduced to β5%, due to their low aqueous solubility and first pass effect. Because of this, it is an excellent choice to form inclusion complexes with cyclodextrins. However, the use of cyclodextrins have some limitations, once it is necessary to use a large amount in the formulation and it can cause dilution of the drug and it can result in a solid oral form with inappropriate dimensions. Therefore, different strategies have been used to enhance complexation efficiency and reduce the amount of cyclodextrin, like the combination of the effect of drug ionization and inclusion complexes. In addition, the choice of the technique used to produce inclusion complexes is very important, because it is necessary to develop economic and effective techniques, which have been easily scalable to produce inclusion complexes in the industry. Spray drying technique have been extensively studied in cyclodextrin complexation, but this method is very expensive and presents lower efficiency. On the other hand, fluid-bed granulation has been widely used in the production of solid dosage forms but the use of this technique to produce cyclodextrin inclusion complexes is not described in the literature. Objective: The purpose of this study is to produce and characterize inclusion complexes containing carvedilol and cyclodextrin, using spray drying and fluidized bed techniques, with the aim to enhance drug dissolution rate. Material and methods: Phase solubility studies were performed using various cyclodextrins, in pH 1,β and 6,8, at room temperature, during 48 hours. Binary complexes were produced by spray drying and fluidized bed techniques. FTIR spectroscopy, DSC analysis, morphology, particle size, flowability and dissolution studies were performed to characterize the inclusion complexes. Results and discussion: Hidroxypropyl--cyclodextrin Cavitron W7 HP7 had the better solubility results. Thus, binary complexes CARV: HPCD prepared by spray drying and fluidized bed techniques in pH β,β showed better results and dissolution rate was 7 and 6 folds, respectively. However, solid dispersion prepared by fluid-bed presented better flowability indicating that this technique is the most appropriate for a large-scale production of solid dosage forms. Additionally, complexes containing HPȖCD showed good dissolution rate and could be considered as one more option for CARV complexation with great performance of inclusion complex formation in solid state.Item Estudo da composição química, de atividades biológicas e microencapsulação do óleo essencial dos frutos de Pterodon emarginatus Vogel - Fabaceae ("sucupira")(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-02-28) ALVES, Suzana Ferreira; CONCEIÇÃO, Edemilson Cardoso da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7193007113950510; BARA, Maria Teresa Freitas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3914164125498267The present work aimed to do the study of chemical variability, evaluating biological activities and microencapsulate the essential oil of the fruits of Pterodon emarginatus Vogel (Fabaceae). Chapter 1 presents the study of the chemical variability of essential oil from fruits of sucupira of 11 individual of the Brazilian savanna, collected from five different populations, and were identified as its chemical composition by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS), used for data analysis to multivariate statistical tool that indicated compounds β caryophyllene and α copaene as the main discriminant of the samples studied, both of which are of greater significance. Chapter 2 describes the antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of total oil of the fruits of sucupira, four samples being analyzed, three of the city of Jussara GO and one of region of Jaciara MT. The oils tested showed good antimicrobial activity against bacteria Gram positive (Gram (+)) and moderate activity against Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048. Chapter 3 describes the process of obtaining microcapsules containg essential oil (OE) of sucupira employing the technique of spray drying and the development and validation methodology for quantification of the compound β caryophyllene. Were used gum Arabic and maltodextrin as wall material and prepared five different dispersions (Emulsion 1-E1, Emulsion 2-E2, Emulsion 3-E3, Emulsion 4-E4 and Emulsion 5-E5) which then were atomized in spray dryer. The results show that the drying condition most appropriate was sprinkler beak of 1,2 mm of diameter, power flow the emulsion in system of 4 mL/min, inlet temperature of 160ºC, air flow of 40 L/min e and pressure of 60 psi. Among the emulsions, E2 was standardized with adequate proportion of essential oil and wall materials, by presenting microcapsules (MOE) for having thick-walled, with a pronounced retention of essential oil, spherical morphology and low hygroscopicity. The method developed and validated proved to be linear, precise, acuurate and robust. Chapter 4 presents the evaluation of biological activities of antimicrobial essential oil of PES-01 employing the technique of broth microdilution and antinociceptive and anti-inflamatory activities performed to the microcapsules with the essential oil. The models of pain induced by formalin and hot plate were used to assess the antinociceptive activity and the model of carrageenan-induced pleurisy and Evans blue for evaluation of anti-inflamatory activity. The OE has weak antimicrobial activity (500 μg mL-1) against bacteria Gram (+) and against the fungi of the genus Cryptococcus was inactive against S. aureus ATCC 25923, against bacteria Gram (-) and against the fungi of the genus Candida. OE reduced by 61,54% (300 mg kg-¹) of the reactivity to pain. The MOE reduced 40,87% (1,0 g kg-¹) and 41,57% (2,0 g kg-¹) in first phase of the test formalin-induced pain, suggesting, anti-nociceptive activity. The 2nd phase of the test, the essential oil inhibited 52,35% of the pain related to inflammatory mediators and the microcapsules decreased from 25,86% - 55,60% of the pain. MOE at a dose of 1,0 g kg-¹ showed anti-nociceptive activity in hot plate model, suggestion central analgesic activity. In the arrageenaninduced pleurisy the MOE reduced 25,44% of the complete migration of leukocytes and significantly decreased the concentration of Evans blue in 24,18%, which demonstrates important anti-inflamatory activity.Item Estratégias computacionais como métodos alternativos para avaliação da sensibilização cutânea(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-05-12) Alves, Vinícius de Medeiros; Tropsha, Alexander; Muratov, Eugene; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9372290911831306; Andrade, Carolina Horta; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2018317447324228; Andrade, Carolina Horta; Oliveira, Gisele Augusto Rodrigues de; Ferreira, Márcia Miguel Castro; Costa, Fernando Batista da; Nascimento, Paulo Gustavo Barboni DantasIntroduction: Skin sensitization is a major environmental and human health hazard. Although many chemicals have been evaluated in humans, there have been no efforts to model these data to date. Skin sensitization is commonly evaluated using structural alerts. However, there has been a growing concern that alerts disproportionally flag too many chemicals as toxic, which questions their reliability as toxicity markers. The main goal of this thesis was to develop and apply new cheminformatics methods to predict skin sensitization of chemical compounds that lack experimental data. Methodology: It has been compiled, curated, analyzed, and compared the available human data and the murine (performed in mice) animal model data, named LLNA (local lymph node assay). Using these data, it was developed reliable computational models and applied them for virtual screening of chemical libraries to identify putative skin sensitizers. It was developed a freely accessible web-based application for the identification of potential skin sensitizers. In addition, it was demonstrated that contrary to the common perception of QSAR models as “black boxes” they can be used to identify statistically significant chemical substructures (QSAR-based alerts) that influence toxicity. Results and discussion: The overall concordance between murine LLNA and human skin sensitization responses for a set of 135 unique chemicals was low (R = 28-43%), although several chemical classes had high concordance. We have succeeded to develop predictive QSAR models of all available human data with the external correct classification rate of 71%. A consensus model integrating concordant QSAR predictions and LLNA results afforded a higher correct classification rate of 82% but at the expense of the reduced external dataset coverage (52 %). We used the developed QSAR models for virtual screening of CosIng database and identified 1,061 putative skin sensitizers; for seventeen of these compounds, we found published evidence of their skin sensitization effects. The developed Pred-Skin web app (http://www.labmol.com.br/predskin/) is based on binary QSAR models of human (109 compounds) and LLNA (515 compounds) data with good external correct classification rate (70-81% and 72-84%, respectively). It is also included a multiclass potency model based on LLNA data (accuracy ranging between 73-76%). Conclusions: Models reported herein provide more accurate alternative to LLNA testing for human skin sensitization assessment across diverse chemical data. In addition, they can also be used to guide the structural optimization of toxic compounds to reduce their skin sensitization potential. The Pred-Skin web app is a fast, reliable, and user-friendly tool for early assessment of chemically-induced skin sensitization. A new approach that synergistically integrates structural alerts and rigorously validated QSAR models for a more transparent and accurate safety assessment of new chemicals was also proposed.Item Avaliação da atividade antioxidante, hipotensora e vasodilatadora da Jabuticaba, Myrciaria cauliflora Berg.(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-09-30) Andrade, Daniela Medeiros Lobo de; Rocha, Matheus Lavorenti; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7459866708740096; Rocha, Matheus Lavorenti; Bonaventura, Daniella; Bara, Maria Teresa FreitasThe research and the use of medicinal plants as therapeutic agents has been increasing in recent years and the jabuticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora) has occupied a favorable place in this segment by presenting biological properties due to their high antioxidant activity due to the presence of phenolic compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the phytochemical characterization of EHAJ, evaluate the antioxidant potential of HAEJ and evaluate the influence of HAEJ on hemodynamic parameters in rat (in vivo) and the mechanisms involved in variation in vascular tone caused by HAEJ in aortas isolated of rat (in vitro). The quantification of the phenolic compounds in HAEJ was performed by a method that is based on the complexation of phenolic compounds present in the solution of ferric chloride (FeCl3) as measured by a spectrophotometer and ellagic acid quantitation was performed by analysis high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The phytochemical characterization of HAEJ was evaluated considering only one methodologie (mass spectrometry - ESI-MS) and antioxidant activity of HAEJ was evaluated considering two different methodologies (DPPH and differential pulse voltammetry - DPV). To achieve the experimental protocols in vivo, were inserted with the animals anesthetized, catheters in the right femoral vein and artery, and flow probes around the aorta for infusion of EHAJ, check blood pressure, heart rate and aortic blood flow, respectively. Besides the pressure was checked the vasorelaxant effect of HEAJ in preparations of isolated rat aorta pre-contracted with vasopressor agents. The concentration of nitric oxide produced by the endothelial cells in the presence of HEAJ was also evaluated by flow cytometry. Intravenous infusion of HEAJ (0.12 to 0.96 mg / kg) produced dose-dependent increase in aortic blood flow hypotension. In isolated arteries pre-contracted with contractile agonist, HEAJ induced concentration-dependent relaxation which was potentiated in preparations with intact endothelium (E+) (120μg/ml) as compared with preparations devoid of endothelium (E-) (1.92 mg / mL). And preparations pretreated with L-NAME, ODQ and MDL-12,330A reduced the relaxation caused by HEAJ, whereas pretreatment with diclofenado, atropine and propranolol did not alter the activity of HEAJ. In E- preparations pretreated with TEA, 4-AP, glibenclamide and ODQ, relaxation caused by HEAJ was reduced, while the clotrimazole pretreatment with CPA and does not alter the activity of HEAJ. Furthermore, HEAJ was able to decrease phenylephrine and KCl induced contractions. These findings suggest that the hypotension associated with HEAJ induces vascular relaxation; also suggests the involvement of such pathways cGMP / sGC and cAMP / AC and finally the involvement of potassium channels and calcium channels, this relaxation.Item Investigação da atividade antitumoral in vitro e in vivo da Eugenia dysenterica DC. (MYRTACEAE)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-08-30) ANDRADE, Wanessa Machado; PAULA, José Realino de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3191837532986128; BOZINIS, Marize Campos Valadares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6157755243167018Item Determinação de fármacos fenólicos em produtos farmacêuticos utilizando um biossensor de polifenoloxidase, obtida de extrato bruto do fruto da jurubeba (Solanum paniculatum L.)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-03-05) Antunes, Rafael Souza; Gil, Eric de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3218622824233303; Lopes, Flávio Marques; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1423301895802989; Lopes, Flávio Marques; Santiago, Mariângela Fontes; Alves, Virgínia FariasThe use of plant enzymes for analytical purposes is increasing every day, especially in the field of biotechnology linked to the development of new and more specific analytical instruments. In this way, the development of biosensors has been increasing since these allow the measurement of the analyte of interest to be performed by the selective transduction of a parameter of the target-analyte reaction that can be monitored. For this reason, the biological element that makes up the instrument, becomes an essential component for its construction. Polyphenoloxidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of a phenolic compound to a quinone, which can be reduced electrochemically and thus allows the detection (quantification) of the analyte of interest. This enzyme is widely distributed in plants and is widely used in the production of biosensors and the selective evaluation of phenolic drugs in pharmaceutical formulations and total phenols in industrial effluents. The polyphenoloxidases in this specific work were extracted from the fruit of Jurubeba (Solanum paniculatum L.) and used in the development of carbon paste electrochemical biosensors in the determination of phenolic drugs, such as paracetamol, ascorbic acid, salicylic acid and or methyldopa. Under experimental conditions the effect of the amount of enzymatic extract in the carbon paste ranging from 50 to 200 μL and the optimum pH of 3.0 to 9.0 using the differential pulse voltammetry technique was investigated. After optimization, the intermediate precision of the biosensor was tested through its reproducibility through the tests of repeatability, time of conditioning, stability and linearity. Soon after, used in the determination of the drugs, obtaining a better response in the detection of paracetamol, in this way, the calibration curve was realized and consequently applied in the determination of paracetamol of commercial samples in tablets. The biosensor had a linearity in the range of 5 to 245 μM, with a detection limit of 3 μM. The polyphenoloxidase extracted from the fruit of Jurubeba showed peculiar characteristics that it provided in the technological development of biosensors with application in the quality control of phenolic drugs, exhibiting high sensitivity, satisfactory selectivity, good repeatability and adequate stability.Item Desenvolvimento e avaliação de pellets contendo extrato de Pothomorphe umbellata (pariparoba) via extrusão esferonização(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-08-31) Araújo Júnior, César Aparício de; Marreto, Ricardo Neves; Lima, Eliana Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7248774319455970; Lima, Eliana Martins; Cunha Filho, Marcílio Sérgio Soares da; Marreto, Ricardo Neves; Taveira, Stephânia FleuryPothomorphe umbellata (L.) Miq. Piperaceae is known in Brazil as "caapeba", "caapeba North" or "Pariparoba" being widely used as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic. According to scientific studies, 4-nerolidylcatechol (4-CN) is the main secondary metabolite of P. umbellata, has antioxidant activity greater than that of vitamin E. The incorporation of the extracts of P. umbellata (L.) Miq. in solid dosage forms is an interesting strategy to enable its use as an oral antioxidant and stabilizing its active labile 4-NC. Pellets are oral dosage forms which have good flow properties due to their spherical shape, narrow size distribution, in addition, the pellets allow to obtain uniform dispersion of doses of drug and incorporation of large amounts of active substances incompatible in the same pharmaceutical form. The objective of this study was to obtain an extract of P. umbellata, develop and characterize a multi-particulate solid dosage form and evaluate the stability of the developed formulations containing 4-NC. The roots of the plant material of P. umbellata was subjected to analysis of content, residual moisture, determination of swelling index, total ash content and granulometric determination. The identification of plant constituents of the sample was made by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Obtaining the hydroalcoholic extract was made by percolation. Quantitation of 4-NC was performed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC-UV-Vis). The analytical method was validated for the parameters required in Resolution N°. 899, ANVISA. The determination of antioxidant activity of the isolated 4-NC and the percolated was evaluated using UV-Vis spectrophotometer using a technique that measures the activity of scavenging free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picril-hydrazyl (DPPH •). The pellets were produced by extrusion technique / spheronisation using granulation liquid consisting of the percolated, colloidal silicon dioxide and polysorbate 80. The excipients were microcrystalline cellulose, lactose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). The drying of the pellets was done in an oven and fluidized bed coating. HPMC, povidone and copolymer (polyvinyl alcohol polyethylene glycol graft copolymer) were tested in the polymer coating. Accelerated photostability study was performed according to standards described by the ICH International Conference on Harmonisation evaluating 4-NC degradation in the extraction solution (percolated) and the solid dosage form (uncoated and coated pellets). The pellets were characterized by size distribution, morphology and friability. The external morphology of the pellets was evaluated through a stereomicroscope and the thickness of the coating was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The result obtained for the moisture content was 6.33 ± 0.305% for total ash content: 8.25% ± 0.61 and swelling index of 3.30 ± 0.87mL and an average particle size of the powder was 170.26μm. The analytical method for 4-NC was linear in the range 10 to 200µg/mL. LQ and LD were calculated 1.42 and 0.42 µg/mL. The accuracy showed less than 5.0% relative standard deviation (RSD). The percolation process was efficient in the extraction of 4-NC. The production of pellets from the extrusion technique/spheronisation was presenting a satisfactory product was uniform with an average size of 1000 μm. In the study of antioxidant activity, the effective concentration (EC50) value found for the isolated 4-NC and present in the percolated was about two times more potent than vitamin E. In the study of photostability of 4-NC present in the coated pellets, the copolymer coating was used in which offered more protection to the active 4-NC against photodegradation. Given the impossibility of obtaining solid dosage forms with pure active, the use of the extract containing the 4-NC is considered more advantageous since the pharmaceutical technology can improve the stability of the asset against degradation.Item Biotransformação in vitro de novos candidatos a protótipos de fármacos antitumorais N-fenilpirazóis(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-02-28) Araujo, Kelly Carolina Frauzino; Oliveira, Valeria de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6300240031300604; Oliveira, Valéria de; Vaz, Boniek Gontijo; Santos, Pierre Alexandre dos; Menegatti, RicardoThe "Microbial Models of Mammalian Metabolism" represents an alternative to use of animals on metabolism studies. Introduced in the 70s this model, also called biotranformation, has several advantages for their application as low cost, reduction of animals for experimentation and and higher number and range of metabolites produced. 1-(4-((1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethanone (LQFM030) and 4-((1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-il)methyl)piperazin-1-ethyl carboxylate (LQFM018) compounds were synthesized by molecular simplification of a series of compounds with chronic myeloid leukemia antiproliferative activity already described, the Nutlins prototypes. This study aims to produce a probable human metabolites of LQFM 030 and LQFM 018 by microbial biotranformation with filamentous fungi. To do so, analytical methodologies were developed by thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography in order to monitor metabolites production. After perform a screening of tem microorganisms Mortierella isabellina NRRL 1757 strain was selected to obtain metabolites on a larger scale. Incubations were carried out with 100 mL of glucose culture medium in each flask . At the end of incubation (96 h) extraction and purification of possible metabolites was performed . In an independent assay with LQFM 030, ketoconazole (10, 20 and 30 mg) was added to inhibit P450 cytochrome . In another test 1 mL of ethanol was added every 24 hours to induce cytochrome totaling 96 hours of incubation. To evaluate the best time to finalize incubation , an experiment was conducted in 168 hours with different concentrations of the substrate, 0.25 mg / mL and 50 mg / mL. A possible role of CYP 3A was evidenced by the inhibition caused by ketoconazole addition, that can inhibit the formation of N-oxide metabolite in LQFM 030 biotransformation. Ethanol addition does not induce LQFM 030-N-oxide production, but was able to induce other metabolites formation. The best time to end LQFM 030 incubation was defined as 168 hours and 0.25 mg/mL concentration.Item Perfil farmacoterapêutico de adolescentes usuários de um centro de atenção psicossocial álcool e drogas infanto juvenil do estado de Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-05-30) Araújo, Sandra Hernandez Morais de; Lopes, Flavio Marques; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1423301895802989; Dewulf, Nathalie de Lourdes Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1244479719591748; Dewulf, Nathalie de Lourdes Souza; Garrote, Clévia Ferreira Duarte; Cunha, Luiz Carlos; Ferreira, Tatyana Xavier Almeida Matteuci; Santos, Thalyta Renata AraújoIntroduction: The use of Psychoactive Substances (PS) brings problems in several areas of the subject's life such as: health, psychological and social. Epidemiological studies show that it is in the passage from childhood to adolescence that the use begins. In Brazil, the treatment is preferentially done in the Centers of Psychosocial Care and in them are offered psychosocial and pharmacological interventions and the combination of them. Pharmacological interventions can be used to stabilize, detoxify, ameliorate withdrawal symptoms and prevent relapse. The pharmacist plays an important role in the safe and effective use of medicines in children and adolescents, since it can prevent identifying, evaluating and intervening in problems related to pharmacotherapy. Objective: to analyze the use of drugs by users of the Psychosocial Care Center Alcohol and Drugs Infanto Juvenil 24 hours (CPCAD adi III). Methodology: an analytical and quantitative cross-sectional study, carried out by reviewing medical records. The medical records of users who were younger than 18 years of age and with prescription of medicines were included and the medical records that were not filled out were excluded. Potential drug interactions (PDI) were analyzed using the Micromedex® and Medscape® database. Descriptive and bi-and multivariate logistic regression analyzes were performed considering a statistically significant relationship p≤0.5. Results: Of the 159 records used in the study, 71.7% were male subjects with mean age of 16 ± 1.9 years, incomplete elementary schooling (88%) and the search for treatment occurred in 55, 3% by judicial measure. Among the diagnostic hypotheses, the most frequent were mental and behavioral disorders due to the use of multiple drugs and the use of other psychoactive substances (F19) 34.9% and mental and behavioral disorders associated with the use of cannabinoids (F12) With 17.2%. The age of first use of SP was on average 12.4 ± 1.90 years. The most used PS was Cannabis (37.2%). The most prescribed drugs were the N03A (antiepileptic) 39.94% and N05A (antipsychotic) 34.83%% groups. A total of 815 PDI were found per type of interaction, 352 drugcannabis, 139 drug-ethanol, 125 drug-foods, 99 drug-tobacco, 83 drug-drug, and 17 drug-cocaine. Regarding the severity of the PDI found, 59.4% were moderate, 23.8% were secondary, 15.7% were serious and 1.1% were contraindicated. The drugs that presented the most PDI were chlorpromazine (32.3%) and diazepam (19.6%). Conclusion: the adolescents were the majority of males, the diagnostic hypothesis that had the highest frequency was that of mental and behavioral disorder due to the use of SPA (F-19). The use of PS was on average at 12 years of age and the most consumed PS was marijuana. The most commonly prescribed drugs were valproic acid (30.63%) and chlorpromazine (20.72%). It was found of 815 PDI with 59.4% classified as moderate. The factor involved in polypharmacy was total PDI and among the factors involved in the occurrence of total PDI were: being studying and the amount of diagnostic hypothesis. In view of the high PDI index, the relationship with polypharmacy and a high number of diagnostic hypotheses, it is necessary to increase the attention of health professionals regarding the topic and the development of protocols to support decision making.Item Ação da formulação mucoadesiva contendo Bidens pilosa L (Asteraceae) sobre a mucosite intestinal induzida por 5- fluorouracil em camundongos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-08-27) Ávila, Paulo Henrique Marcelino de; Valadares, Marize Campos; Bozinis, Marize Campos Valadares; Fuiza, Tatiana de Sousa; Mendonça , Elismauro Francisco deThe gastrointestinal mucositis is a side effect caused by anti-cancer chemotherapy. Among the drugs used in antineoplastic therapy 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) deserves special attention since the incidence of intestinal mucositis is 80% on treated patients. Despite many studies on intestinal mucositis induced by chemotherapy has been carried out, there aren't effective methods for treating intestinal mucositis, only palliative measures. Moreover, several studies reported anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity of Bidens Pilosa L (BPL). Objective: To investigate the action of BPL in intestinal mucositis induced by 5-FU in mice. Methods: in this study, male Swiss mice were given doses of BPL (75, 100 and 125 mg / kg) and vehicle formulation administered orally (gavage) for 6 days, while doses of 5-FU (200 mg / kg ) were administered (intraperitoneal) from the 4th to 6th day (except in the groups treated with vehicle and formulation of BPL). On day 7, the mice were euthanized and the portion instestinal of each animal was extracted to perform the histomorformetria; expression analysis of Bax, Bcl2 p53 and Ki67 by immunohistochemistry analysis of the inflammatory process through the activity of the enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO), and evaluation lipid peroxidation by determination of levels malondialdehyde (MDA). It is importantly to note that only the dose of BPL 100 mg/kg which showed better results in the analysis weight and histomorphometric , was chosen to make the immunohistochemistry, MDA and MPO assays.Results:The doses of BPL 75, 100 and 125 mg / kg showed reduce damage triggered by 5-FU in the intestinal mucositis. However the dose of 100 mg / kg was presented the best results in terms of reduction in body mass, as well as morphometric and histological changes induced by 5-FU. Furthermore it was found that treatment with only 3 doses of BPL (75, 100 and 125 mg / kg) caused no toxicological change. It was also found that the expression rate between Bax and Bcl2 were lower in the 100 mg / kg of BPL. Moreover, the dose of 100 mg / kg of BPL showed proliferative effect with increased expression of Ki67 and reduction of inflammatory infiltrate and lipid peroxidation intestinal tissue Conclusion: The results demonstrated that BPL reduced overall damage by 5-FU in intestinal mucositis induced in mice.Item AVALIAÇÃO DA TOXICIDADE PRÉ-CLINICA DO LÁTEX E DO EXTRATO ETANÓLICO DAS FOLHAS E DE Synadenium umbellatum PAX.(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-03-12) AZEREDO, Flaubertt Santana de; CUNHA, Luiz Carlos da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6349547031976679Item Estudo do efeito antinociceptivo e/ou anti-inflamatório das folhas de Spiranthera odoratissima A. St.-Hil. (Manacá). -Possível mecanismo envolvido(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-08-30) BARBOSA, Daniela Borges Marquez; COSTA, Elson Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2607893423583912Spiranthera odoratissima A. St.-Hil. is popularly known as Manacá and it is a native plant of the Brazilian Savanna Cerrado, and it can be found in the states of Mato Grosso, Goiás, Minas Gerais and Bahia. In the folk medicine this plant is used as an appetite stimulant and to treat rheumatism, abdominal pain, headache, muscle pain, stomach and liver dysfunction, kidney infections and urinary retention. The hydromethanolic fraction was obtained from the ethanolic extract of Spiranthera odoratissima leaves. According to phytochemical screening this fraction contains anthraquinones, tannins, flavonoids and coumarins. This fraction showed antinociceptive activity in the acetic acid-induced writhing method and the involvement of central antinociceptive mechanisms was discarded with the hot plate test, since the reduction in the latency to pain was not observed. The major subfraction isolated from the hydromethanolic fraction (sub-Fr10-28) showed antiinflammatory activity in different methodologies. Both hydromethanolic fraction and sub-Fr10-28 contain tannins able to inhibit the activity of phospholipase A2 enzyme, and subsequently inhibiting the production of arachidonic acid and preventing the production of eicosanoids such as prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leukotrienes by lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase enzymes participation. These eicosanoids are important mediators for the maintenance of inflammatory process. Concluding, the analgesic effect of this plant may be due to an anti-inflammatory action, and this antiinflammatory action could be the result from the blockage of the phospholipase A2 enzyme.Item Caracterização eletroquímica e estudos mecânico-quânticos para obtenção de propriedades eletrônicas de parabenos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-02-28) BARBOSA, Núsia Luísa; GIL, Eric de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3218622824233303Parabens are antimicrobial preservatives widely used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. The alkyl side chain connected to the ester group defines some important physicochemical characteristics of these compounds, including the partitioning coefficient and redox properties. The voltammetry and computational analysis were carried out in order to evaluate the redox behavior of these compounds and other phenolic analogues. Correlations between chemical substituents inductive effects of parabens with potential shifts were observed. Using cyclic voltammetry and glassy carbon working electrode, in aqueous, only one single irreversible anodic peak was observed around 0.8 V for methylparaben (MP), etylparaben (EP), propylparaben (PP), butylparaben (BP), benzylparaben (BzP) and phenolic analogues. The positive inductive effect of alkyl groups was demonstrated by the anodic oxidation potential shift to lower values as the carbon number increases and, therefore the parabens (and other phenolic analogues) oxidation processes to the quinoninic forms showed great dependence of substituent pattern. It was further evaluated the influence of pH and composition of supporting electrolyte in voltammetric profile of parabens.Item Estudo fitoquímico e avaliações da toxicidade aguda e atividades biológicas da raiz do vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides L. Nash) Poaceae(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-03-23) BARROS, Gilvana Cristina de; BARA, Maria Teresa Freitas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3914164125498267The use of medicinal plants in controlling the diseases has shown its potential for the discovery of new medicines. Among the plant species used in the Hospital de Medicina Alternativa (HMA / SES-GO) highlights the vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides L. Nash), an aromatic plant of the family Poaceae, used as a mild anti-hypertensive and diuretic. In this work it was investigated the chemical composition of the hydroalcoholic extract of vetiver, the freeze-dried aqueous extract and the essential oil from the roots of V. zizanioides. In the hydroalcoholic extract were found terpenoids compounds and / or saponins, flavonoids and phenolic acid. In the freeze-dried aqueous extract was observed the presence of flavonoids and phenols. In the essential oil 38 compounds were identified, and khusimol, palustrol, khusimona, zizanona and epi-α-vetivona were the major constituents. In the assessment of the acute toxicity of the hydroalcoholic extract and the freeze-dried aqueous extract of root of V. zizanioides, it was concluded that these extracts showed no toxicity at a dose of 2000 mg / kg. The freeze-dried aqueous extract of the roots of V. zizainoides showed no statistically significant diuretic action in the doses tested. In the investigation of antimicrobial activity, the essential oil of the root of V. zizanioides showed potent activity to inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus with MIC of 0.15 mg / mL. The crude ethanolic extract showed an antimicrobial activity with MIC of 0.19 mg / mL for Bacillus cereus and Micrococcus roseus and 0.39 mg / mL for Micrococcus luteus, S. aureus and Bacillus subtilis. The hexane fraction showed stronger antimicrobial activity against strains of M. luteus, M. roseus, S. aureus and B. cereus. This study could prove that the essential oil, the crude ethanol extract and hexane fraction from roots of V. zizanioides showed antimicrobial potential.Item Efeitos da formulação mucoadesiva de Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae) e Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae) no tratamento da mucosite intestinal(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-04-11) Bastos, Carla Caroline Cunha; Valadares, Marize Campos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6157755243167018; Valadares, Marize Campos; Costa, Nádia do Lago; Sacono, Nancy TomokoIntestinal mucositis is a limiting factor in anticancer therapies by causing gastrointestinal cell destruction reaching the majority of patients undergoing chemotherapy/radiotherapy and is often responsible for treatment discontinuation. Although several studies have already been conducted to treat this disease, there are still no universally accepted and standardized protocols of treatment. Plant species with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties have been considered for the treatment of mucositis, among them Bidens pilosa L. (BP) (Asteraceae) and Curcuma longa L. (CL) (Zingiberaceae). In this study, the effects of a formulation containing plant extracts of Bidens pilosa L. (BP) and Curcuma longa L. (CL), both with pharmaceutical technology of mucoadhesion in mice intestinal mucositis induced by 5-fluoruoacil (5-FU) were studied. This formulation was administered orally (gavage) for 6 days in each group of mice at doses of 75mg/kg + BP 3.75 mg / kg CL 100 mg / kg BP + 7.5 mg / kg or 125 mg CL / BP kg + 15 mg / kg CL. The treatment with the formulations occurred during six days, and in parallel with mucositis induction was performed with 5-FU (200 mg / kg, intraperitoneally) from day 4 to day 6. On day 7, the mice were euthanized and the duodenal portion of the intestine of each animal was extracted to perform the histomorphometry technique. From this analysis, the dose of 125 mg/kg mucoadhesive formulation showed best effectiveness results and was then chosen for the realization of the other tests: histopathology analysis, expression of Bax, Bcl-2, p53 and Ki-67 analysis via immunohistochemistry technique; analysis of the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme, and determination of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Furthermore, analysis of weight change and hematologic parameters were performed. To prove safety of the formulation, an oral toxicity test of mucoadhesive formulation, and effect evaluation of the plant extracts on the animals’intestine not submitted to mucositis were performed. The mucoadhesive formulation was able to assuage the histopathological damage caused by 5-FU; reduced weight loss, reduced levels of MPO and MDA; stimulated cell proliferation by increasing the expression of Ki-67; besides decreasing apoptosis observed by analyzing the expression of Bax and Bcl-2. The formulation at a dose of 2000mg/kg showed no signs of toxicity. It can be concluded that the formulation under study exerts preventive and/or therapeutic effects to intestinal mucositis with potential to be used with associated to anticancer treatment.Item PRODUÇÃO DE LACASE E BIOCONVERSÃO DE FLAVONÓIDES POR Pycnoporus sanguineus.(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-06-30) BATISTA, Francislene Lavôr; GARCIA, Telma Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6340261924930737; OLIVEIRA, Valeria de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6300240031300604The bioconversion is an area of the biotechnology that has increased in an expansive way, and it includes enzymatic reactions by microorganisms. These microorganisms that present enzymatic systems similar to those present in mammalian systems, it s the cytochrome P450 (CYP450). That s why the biotransformation an important alternative constitute as models for drug metabolism study. The Pycnoporus sanguineus is a filamentous fungi, basidiomycete of the Polyporaceae family and laccase producer (EC 1.10.3.2), an oxidoreductase enzyme. It was evaluated the influence of flavonoids naringin, naringenin, and quercetin in the growth of P. sanguineus, production of laccase in differents culture media. It was performed various conditions of reaction, such as temperature, agitation and the time of the flavonoids addition. The bioconversion processes were carried out for 24 up to 96 hours and monitored by TLC and HPLC to confirm the existence of potential metabolites. It was used purified laccase of the Pycnoporus sanguineus to evalute the participation of laccase in metabolites of naringin production. Pycnoporus sanguineus developed in differents culture media tested. Naringenin and naringin presented the capability to induce the laccase production by P. sanguineus, whereas quercetin and rutin inhibited the laccase production. The incubation using PDSM did not producted laccase. It was detected several of metabolites, whereas the incubations using quercetin acquired fourteen differents metabolites and the incubations using naringenin producted nine metabolites and naringin producted eight metabolites. In biocatalytic assay under 28ºC and 150rpm using naringin it was not detected the presence of metabolitesItem Estudo da encapsulação do voriconazol em lipossomas: obtenção, caracterização e estudo de estabilidade(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-07-28) Benedetti, Naiara Ieza Gallo de Magalhães; Lima, Eliana Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7248774319455970; Lima, Eliana Martins; Nascimento, Thais Leite; Gratieri, TaísNanotechnology has grown in recent years, mainly in the pharmaceutical area, responsible for improving problems inherent to drugs and formulation limitations. Among the drug nanocarriers, liposomes are the most studied. They were discovered more than 50 years ago and are mostly produced by biodegradable and biocompatible materials, capable of encapsulating both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. Currently there are some liposomal formulations approved by regulatory agencies and available for several treatments. Voriconazole is a second generation triazole antifungal drug, with a broad spectrum of action. It is used primarily in cases of resistant fungal infections, although its conventional formulation comes with some problems, such as the use of SBECD. Therefore, the present work aimed to develop, characterize and evaluate the stability of liposomes containing voriconazole. Three production techniques and the highest drug concentration, capable of being encapsulated by the liposomes, were evaluated. The particles were characterized according to the liposomes guidelines, published by Food and Drug Administration, lyophilized and tested for stability at 4º, 25º and 40º C for 120 days. Particles of 100 nm diameter containing 2 mg/ml of voriconazole were developed and lyophilized using only 7% sucrose. A method was developed and validated by HPLC-ELSD to quantify the vesicles structural components and to monitor the degradation products during stability test.Item Desenvolvimento de métodos eletroanalíticos para avaliação da capacidade antioxidante(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-03-28) Benjamin, Stephen Rathinaraj; Gil, Eric de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3218622824233303; Gil, Eric de Souza; Marreto, Ricardo Neves; Ghedini, Paulo César; Colmati Junior, Flavio; Oliveira, Severino Carlos Bezerra deThis study investigated the antioxidant activity using biosensors based on carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with crude extract of laccase (Pycnoporus sanguineus, activity 2019 U L-1) in different compositions. The biosensor consists of carbon nanotubes activated with DNA (CPEL-DNA: CN) showed the best sensitivity level, 0.0549 μA / μM and 1.2 uM detection limit (LOD) in the concentration range of 20-140 μM of rutin. This biosensor showed excellent stability over 10 days and reproducibility (RSD <5%). This biosensor was used to determine the total amount of phenol in coffee samples (expressed by the equivalent rutin) using electroanalytical technique. For the evaluation of its detection capability, the results were compared with other electroanalytical techniques using analytical basis as samples of commercial coffee from different countries. The CPL-DNA: CN was used to determine the total amount of phenol in coffee samples (expressed by the equivalent rutin). Thus, it was possible to propose the CPL as an analytical tool for the detection of phenols. In this research, we developed several studies using different CPE to investigate the antioxidant natural product profile such as coffee samples, dry extracts of acerola, obtained by cyclic voltammetry (CV),) differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV), which allowed to conclude classes of antioxidants present in the samples. The quantitative determination of these compounds was performed using the standard addition method by differential pulse voltammetry and electrochemical index (EI) has been proposed for estimating the oxidizing potential between different samples. Carbon paste electrode was also investigated using the different quality control samples commercialized produced from acerola employing DPV for the quantification of ascorbic acid (AA) in all samples, where the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.31 and 0.96 μM and with excellent recovery between 97.4 to 102.2% The DPPH tests were used to compare the antioxidant activity in coffee and acerola samples. The Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to estimate the antioxidant activity of rutin from coffee samples. These methods proposed had advantages such as simplicity of sample preparation and the speed of the analysis of antioxidant capacity.Item Efeito hipotensor de Aspidosperma subincanum Mart. em ratos e o seu mecanismo de vasodilatação em artérias isoladas(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-12-19) Bernardes, Milton Junio Cândido; Rocha, Matheus Lavorenti; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7459866708740096; Rocha, Matheus Lavorenti; Carvalho, Rosângela de Oliveira Alves; Gil, Eric de SousaAspidosperma subincanum Mart. is a medicinal herb that is known to be useful for the treatment of cardiovascular-related illnesses. However, its effects and pharmacological mechanisms of action have not been studied. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of an ethanol extract of Aspidosperma subincanum Mart. (EEAS) on blood pressure (in vivo) and vascular tension (in vitro) in the rat thoracic aorta. Catheters were inserted into the right femoral vein and artery of anesthetized rats for EEAS infusion and the measurement of blood pressure, heart rate and aortic blood flow (flow probes were placed around the aorta). Moreover, the vasodilator effect of EEAS in isolated pre-contracted rat aortas was examined. Intravenous infusion of EEAS resulted in significant and dose-dependent hypotension, bradycardia and increased aortic blood flow. In isolated arteries, EEAS (0-27μg/mL) induced a concentration-dependent relaxation of pre-contracted aortic rings; endothelial denudation potentiated this effect. Pre-treatment of the aortic rings with ODQ, an inhibitor of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC); MDL-12,330A, an inhibitor of adenylyl cyclase (AC); or CPA, a SERCA inhibitor, reduced EEAS-induced vasorelaxation. Treatment with an EEAS impaired contractions induced by phenylephrine (an adrenergic agonist) and Bay K 8644 (an L-type Ca(2+) channel activator). The blockade of K(+) channels with tetraethylammonium, clotrimazole, glibenclamide or 4-aminopyridine reduced the relaxation stimulated by EEAS. These findings suggest that EEAS induces hypotension associated with bradycardia. EEAS induces endothelium-independent vascular relaxation. The sGC/cGMP and AC/cAMP pathways, SERCA activation and Ca(2+) and K(+) flux across the sarcolemma, are likely involved in this relaxation.