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Item O extrativismo vegetal e a saga do baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.) em Sagarana - MG(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-05) Alcantara, Rebecca Silva; Ribeiro, Dinalva Donizete; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3182325621648634; Ribeiro, Dinalva Donizete; Gonçalves, Ricardo Júnior de Assis Fernandes; Abdala, Klaus de OliveiraPlant extractivism is one of the oldest activities practiced by mankind. Currently its practice by rural populations is based on the family workforce and has been encouraged by a variety of institutions. In the Cerrado Territory, among the various non-timber forest products that can be extracted, baru (Dipteryx alata Vog), a native species, has stood out due to its nutritional characteristics. In Vila de Sagarana, district of the municipality of Arinos located in the northwest of Minas Gerais, this product occurs in high concentrations and due to its market demand and availability of occurrence in the village, it has been gaining prominence among local residents due to income generation for families. Therefore, this research aims to understand the effects of the baru extractive circuit on social and environmental relations in the territory of Sagarana, among those involved in this activity of transforming baru into commodity. This is a qualitative study whose data analysis was based on the interpretation of information collected in the field, combining multiple theoretical and methodological perspectives, together with participatory methods. The actors of this circuit were delineated, namely: collection area owner, collector, the intermediary in the figure of wholesaler and wholesaler and finally gathered information from the final consumer through one of the intermediary agents. In addition to these identified subjects, it was noted that this activity generates socio-environmental conflicts in this territory, which are structured or maintained according to the private ownership of land tenure, the appropriation of natural resources and labor as factors of production and availability. of economic goods. Despite the problematic of this activity, it presents to the collectors a strategy of social reproduction, which evidences the peasants' (re) existence, making activities such as autonomy, knowledge exchange and establishing baru territoriality in Sagarana through its relationship with nature. and the other cultural dimensions.Item Evapotranspiração das culturas do milho e feijão no bioma Cerrado utilizando sensoriamento remoto por drones e satélites(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-02-28) Almeida, Fillipe de Paula; Teixeira, Antônio Heriberto de Castro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9956312513672760; Júnior, José Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3418524049655817; Alves Júnior, José; Souza, João Maurício Fernandes; Giongo, Pedro Rogerio; Ferreira, Manuel Eduardo; Pena, Diogo SilvaCorn and beans are two of the main grains grown worldwide, with great importance in human and animal food. Corn cultivation is carried out mainly in the 1st and 2nd harvest, depending most of the time on rain and being vulnerable to dry spells. Likewise beans, which are mostly produced in the 2nd harvest. As a result, knowledge of crop evapotranspiration is essential to feed models for estimating and breaking productivity, managing water resources and managing irrigation. In this context, remote sensing becomes a viable alternative, with low operating costs and good accuracy. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of the Simple Algorithm For Evapotranspiration Retrieving (SAFER) algorithm in estimating the current evapotranspiration (ETa) of corn and bean crops in the northwest region of Goiás. Both studies were carried out in ItaberaíGoiás in an area irrigated by center pivot in the year 2021. The research was carried out in two parts: the first was to evaluate the impact of bolting on the calculated ET in an area cultivated with corn. Images from a MicaSense Altum multispectral and thermal camera coupled to a drone and three different sources of albedo images were used: Landsat 8, Sentinel 2A and drone. The albedo from the drone was obtained through the camera's reflectance images. The second part was to evaluate the impact of different albedo sources on the calculated ET, also using the camera images, but using four albedo sources. For this, an albedometer was installed in the field. The ET estimated by each source was determined with the ET obtained by the FAO method, Embrapa and climatological water balance from statistical indices. Tasseling in the maize crop contaminated the NDVI and albedo pixels, leading to a greater underestimation in the reproductive phase. On average, the MDE (mean square error) and AME (mean absolute error) were close to 1 mm day-1. Estimation of ET by remote sensing is not recommended for the reproductive phase of maize. Estimation of the ETa for the common bean crop is recommended from multispectral and thermal camera images, with both surface albedo sources. The confidence index ranges from 0.91 to 0.97. ETDroneAlb showed lower error compared to the standard methods.Item Adubação orgânica em sistema agroflorestal: atributos químicos e físicos do solo e desempenho das espécies consorciadas(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-02-25) Andrade, Carlos Augusto Oliveira de; Leandro, Wilson Mozena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9052207260053937; Collier, Leonardo Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7449368697500123; Collier, Leonardo Santos; Calil, Francine Neves; Flores, Rilner Alves; Freitas, Gilson Araújo de; Silva, Átila Reis daThe insertion of barueiros in the production systems through agroforestry system SAFs can promote the integration of rural areas in the Cerrado, especially when combined with crops of high relevance for farmers in this region, preserving natural resources and providing additional income for producers. Due to the integration of different crops, whether through consortia, successions or crop rotation, the demand for nutrients can be intensified, causing greater dependence on mineral fertilizers, which increases production costs. Organic fertilization can be a lower cost strategy to supply the nutrient demand for SAFs, in addition to contributing to the maintenance of the system's sustainability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in different doses of organic compost in the chemical and physical attributes of the soil and in the development of crops grown in an agroforestry system in the Cerrado of Goiás. The experiment was conducted in a SAF composed of barueiros, divided into six rows of 14 trees, with banana trees and agricultural crops grown between the rows. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with 6 treatments and 4 repetitions. The treatments consisted of four doses of organic compost (5, 10, 20 and 40 Mg ha-1), a treatment with mineral fertilization, plus the control without fertilization. The chemical and physical attributes of the soil, the agronomic performance of cowpea and banana and the growth of cassava and baru trees were evaluated. The applications of organic compost promote positive changes in the chemical attributes of the soil, especially in the first layers, with increased levels of MOS, P, K and Mg compared to mineral fertilization. During the studied period, the doses of organic compost and mineral fertilization did not affect the physical attributes of the soil to a depth of 0.20 m. The organic compost formed by energy cane biomass and cattle manure shows potential as an organic fertilizer in the cultivation of cowpea and banana cultivated in an agroforestry system, being able to substitute at 100% the mineral fertilization in the nutrition of these cultures. Doses 20 and 40 Mg ha-1 of organic compost provided the greatest increases in the vegetative performance of cassava, equivalent to mineral fertilization. During the period studied, mineral fertilization and doses of organic compost did not affect baru growth.Item Panorama dos 10 anos de vigência do código florestal brasileiro(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-12-18) Araújo, Lorrainy da Costa Vieira; Barreira, Sybelle; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8803862948788380; Barreira, Sybelle; Cruz, José Elenilson; Pires, Patricia PereiraThe Brazilian Forest Code, Law No. 12.651/2012, turned 10 years old in 2022, and during this period, the federal entities drew up rules to regulate the state's need to deal with the themes of the Forest Code's chapters. The general objective of this study is to analyze the developments of Law No. 12.651/2012 in the states and the Federal District, and the specific objectives are to catalog the regulations of the federated entities related to the period of 10 years after the Forest Code came into force; to identify the normative acts of the states and the Federal District on the subject of the chapters of the law; to analyze the developments in the context of the sub-themes of the Rural Environmental Registry, Conservation Units, Fires and Deforestation; and, finally, to develop a dynamic platform. The research was carried out by collecting secondary data, so the methodological procedures began with an electronic search on the government websites of each federal entity, starting with the Union and searching state by state in alphabetical order; The information collected was entered into an Excel spreadsheet to catalog the data and create a database, so that, after completing the survey of normative acts, the results were presented using a Power BI dashboard, which is a dynamic platform, as well as maps in graphical formats. The results show that measures need to be taken to ensure that Law 12.651/2012 is applied effectively throughout the country, in order to guarantee the protection of native vegetation and the sustainable use of forests and other forms of native vegetation in Brazil.Item Desenvolvimento de marcadores ambientômicos para arroz de terras altas (Oryza sativa L.) em território brasileiro(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-06-30) Bahia, Marco Antônio Marcelino; Teixeira, Sônia Milagres; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1596947832723945; Sette Júnior, Carlos Roberto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6511764239807115; Resende, Rafael Tassinari; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7248301627149286; Resende, Rafael Tassinari; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; Zaidan, Úrsula RamosRice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the staple foods in the Brazilian diet, and therefore, its cultivation and productive independence are strategically essential for ensuring the population's food security. Within rice farming, selecting the appropriate genotype for planting is the factor that most strongly impacts the outcome of the endeavor. In order to support this decision-making process, enviromics has been applied with the objective of selecting genotypes with higher productive potential for specific areas of interest. The aim of this study was to generate and analyze the contribution of enviromic markers to the total upland rice production data in Brazilian territory. The experimental data were provided by Embrapa Rice and Beans and involved the evaluation of 2,119 rice genotypes in 187 municipalities or localities across the country, spanning the period from 1982 to 2018. For the generation of enviromic markers, data from the SoilGrids, WorldClim, and NASA POWER platforms were used, resulting in a total of 393 environmental covariates collected. The generation of enviromic markers was performed using the Monte Carlo method, with 10,000 iterations and always considering the presence of the 187 municipalities where the Embrapa experiments were conducted. The Random Forest package and the IncMSE and IncNodePurity methods were used to evaluate the importance of each covariate for the model applied throughout the Brazilian territory. The results showed that the coefficient of variation for seasonal precipitation was the most important covariate for both models.Item Eficiência de biofertilizante oriundo da metanogênese na cana energia(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-02-21) Barros, Leonardo Rodrigues; Flores, Rilner Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6161143914254137; Leandro, Wilson Mozena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9052207260053937; Leandro, Wilson Mozena; Brasil, Eliana Paula Fernandes; Correchel, Vladia; Ribon, Adriana Aparecida; Zang, Joachim WernerBiofertilizer is a co-product obtained through the anaerobic fermentation of organic residues. It is presented, in general, in liquid form, having a variable composition of nutrients, mainly nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. The study of agronomic variables is essential in crops that received the biofertilizer for the proper management of energy cane. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the effect of application and residual doses of biofertilizer from methanogenesis in energy cane during three years of cultivation. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at UFG. The soils used were: LATOSSOLO VERMELHO Ácrico (LVw) (490 g kg-1 of clay) and LATOSSOLO VERMELHO AMARELO Distrófico (LVAd) (160 g kg-1 of clay). The design was in randomized blocks, factorial scheme (2x6), with 2 soils of different textures and 5 doses of biofertilizer (0; 150; 300; 600 and 1200 m3 ha-) and an NPK treatment. The biofertilizer came from the methanogenesis of energy cane. Biometric analyzes (height, diameter and number of tillers) were carried out for cane plant monthly adding up to a total of ten evaluations, for cane ratoon I and II there were 5 evaluations. The productivity and fertility evaluation were carried out at the end of each cycle, whereas the leaf evaluations in the cane plant and ratoon II were in the period of 8 months of development of the culture. The physiological evaluations in the plant cane were carried out at 300 DAP. The results obtained were submitted to analysis of variance by the F test, and polynomial regression. For the tiller variable in the plant energy cane in the LVAd and LVw, it was noted that the higher the dose applied, the plant had a higher number of tillers. In the total green biomass in the cane plant in the LVAd and LVw the maximum efficiency doses were 1083.69 and 811.28 m3 ha-1 . The leaf potassium contents in the cane plant in the LVw were higher at doses of 600 and 1200 m3 ha-1 , with the following averages 8.27 and 9.19 g kg-1 . A linear increase in total dry biomass was observed in the first ratoon in the LVAd. In the second ratoon evaluation of soil fertility, a significant effect of treatment was observed only for organic matter in the soil. In general, the application of increasing doses of biofertilizer improves the productivity of cane energy plant and ratoon. The doses of biofertilizer in plant cane are significantly responsive to physiological variables: photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration. The residual effect of the biofertilizer on the second cane energy ratoon does not affect the development of the crop in height and diameter and stalk production, however it increases the number of tillers. The biofertilizer application increases the potassium content in the plant, and reflects in the stalks production of the energy cane plant.Item Amido fermentado de alpiste (Phalariscanariensis L.) enriquecido com microcápsulas contendo compostos polifenólicos de casca e semente de jabuticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-02-27) Batista, Rayssa Dias; Damiani, Clarissa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8152502284007938; Asquieri, Elaine Meire de Assis Ramirez; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1790847930722830; Asquieri, Eduardo Ramirez; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0488056148950480; Asquieri, Eduardo Ramirez; Becker, Fernanda Salamoni; Ascheri, Diego Palmiro Ramirez; Silva, Aline Gomes de Moura e; Bassinello, Priscila ZaczukCanaryseed, alsoknown as annualcanarygrass, canarygrass anual, canário grama, alpista, capim alpista and milho alpista, stands out as a new sourceofstarch, composedofapproximately 60% ofthiscarbohydrate. The characteristicsofthiscropmake it a favorable cereal for foodand industrial applications. Fermentationis a processusedtomodifystarchstructuresandiswidelyused for thepreparationofcheesebreadand biscuits. The additionofpolyphenolsfrom jabuticaba wouldenrichtheseproducts, however it issusceptibletooxidationbyexternalelementssuch as heat, light andstorage time. In this case, emergingmicroencapsulationtechniquesallowto improve thestabilityofthesecompounds. The presentstudyaimedto prepare biscuits fromfermentedcanaryseedstarch (Phalariscanariensis L.) andtoenrichwithmicrocapsulesofpolyphenoliccompoundsoftheseedsand peles jabuticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora) mixture. The microcapsuleswereobtainedbythe experimental design DCCR (central rotationalcompound design) varyingtheinitialamountofsodiumalginateand volume ofthehydroalcoholicseedsand peles jabuticaba. A total of 11 treatmentswereobtainedwiththehighestcontentofmicroencapsulatedphenoliccompoundfound in treatments 2, 8 and4, andtheextract volume variableshowedgreaterinfluenceonthe response ofthephenoliccompoundcontentandencapsulationefficiency. The fermentationofthestarchoccurredduring 45 daysof natural fermentationwithsubsequentdrying in thesun. The resultsofthemicrobiologicalanalyzeswerewithinthelimitsestablishedbylegislation, withanincrease in theamylosecontentandlowerviscosityand retrograde degradationthanthenativecanaryseedstarch. Fermentedcanaryseedstarchdidnot show expansioncapacityandafteradditionofthemicrocapsules in the biscuits, treatments2and 3 presentedhighercontentofphenoliccompounds.Item Assistência técnica e gerencial para agricultores familiares do município de Silvânia-GO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-03-30) Bernardes, Lázaro Lucas Rodrigues; Jesus, Andrelisa Santos de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1581-5208; Souza, Cleonice Borges de; lattes.cnpq.br/8449949211640425; Souza, Cleonice Borges de; Corcioli, Graciella; Oliveira, Adriano Rodrigues deThe interactions of family farming with different aspects of the productive sectors, show how important the study of this social category is. Since the advent of the National Program for the Strengthening of Family Farming (PRONAF), technical assistance and rural extension have approached the horizon of action of this social category, mainly due to the rural credit policy. However, the relationship of the segments needs to go beyond credit, since the availability of publicly available technical assistance is of fundamental importance for family farmers. In the search to understand the relationship between technical assistance and rural extension with family farming, this research aims to evaluate the possible effects of technical assistance on the economic, social and environmental development of traditional rural communities in family farming in the municipality of Silvânia-GO, taking into account taking into account producers from three rural communities who had access to technical assistance in the years 2017 and 2018. It is assumed that the access of family farmers to technical assistance and rural extension can contribute in an important way so that they have access to information, technologies and technical knowledge that enable the development of economic activity and the social development of the family, in addition to promoting the use of techniques that aim at the conservation of natural resources such as water and soil. This is a qualitative, quantitative, exploratory, descriptive research. The survey of qualitative data took into account the knowledge of the technicians involved in the technical assistance projects, in addition to the reports of the producers who were served by the project. The primary data, obtained without any previous treatment, refer to the interviews of the teams of the Municipal Secretariat of Agriculture of the Municipality of Silvânia and of Emater, and of the producers and technicians involved in the ATER projects. Secondary data, on the other hand, refer to those obtained from the Municipal Health Secretariat (SMS), together with community health agents and; the data used in geoprocessing, obtained through digital platforms such as the State Geoinformation System (SIEG). The research results that technical assistance is, yes, a vehicle that causes positive effects with regard to environmental and socioeconomic aspects. With regard to the effects of technical assistance, it appears that, despite the availability of ATER projects, at no cost to producers, it is still very difficult for them to adhere to such offers. The perception held in the communities during the research is in line with a little discussed weakness, which is the producers' lack of interest in expanding their activities, given the reduced prospect of continuity by their successors. This reinforces the issue of reducing succession in family farming, which may compromise the continuity of this social category in the medium and long term, at least in the communities studied. It is also noted that the offer of ATER for an activity already consolidated in the communities, does not have a very relevant effect, since relying on milk - as is the case with the communities - ends up being a lower risk option for producers. In this perspective, it is suggested that the ATER services take information and qualifications for the pluriactivity of the properties, that they are able to present better proposals and results regarding the interests of the producers, who seek other activities as an income supplement. Thus, the execution of projects and activities for this purpose still need to be better planned and executed by the institutions that carry out ATER. In addition, that the offering institutions and the professionals responsible for the development of actions with producers, have the behavioral skills and technical capacity necessary to deliver to family farmers an ATER that actually has the perspective of sustainability and sustainable development in their practices.Item Análise da competitividade de laticínios em Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-02-28) Bernardes, Nívea dos Reis; Cruz, José Elenilson; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3130838156334394; Cruz, José Elenilson; Nacife, Jean Marc; Cavalcante, David Frederik da Silva; Cunha, Cleyzer Adrian daBased on the economic and social importance of the milk production chain for Brazil and the state of Goiás, specifically, and given the lack of research that points out which factors (internal to companies, market structural and systemic) most affect the competitiveness of Brazilian dairy agroindustries, this study aimed to analyze the competitiveness of dairy products in the state of Goiás. The specific objectives were to characterize the milk production chain in Brazil and in the state of Goiás, identify the degree of concentration of the dairy sector in Brazil and test a theoretical model of relationships between internal, market structural, systemic factors and competitiveness. of dairy products in the state of Goiás, under the theoretical perspective of systemic competitiveness proposed by Coutinho and Ferraz. Secondary data sources were used to characterize the sector, and to identify the degree of market concentration at the Brazilian level. The test of the theoretical model of hypothetical relationships was performed based on primary data collected from a non-probabilistic convenience sample of 27 respondents. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results show the numbers of the dairy sector in Brazil, the prominent position of the state of Goiás on the national scene and the growth of milk uptake by dairy in recent years. Overall, the results indicated a moderate degree of concentration of the dairy industries in Brazil, based on the calculations of the CR4 and CR8 Concentration Ratio indices and the Herfindahl-Hirschman index (IHH). Finally, the analysis of the empirical data through the MEE indicated that of the three natures of factors tested as independent variables, only the structural market factors positively affected the competitiveness (dependent variable) of the researched dairy agro-industries. The results have positive implications for the companies investigated regarding the reformulation of strategies and the improvement of the decision-making process. To the literature, the study contributes by expanding knowledge about the competitiveness of the dairy agroindustry in Brazil, and by making available to future studies on the subject an empirically validated research scale.Item Diversidade genética de BGMV em linhagens elite de feijoeiro-comum(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-06-30) Bertholdo, Naíze Motta; Faria, Josias Corrêa de; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0840926305216925; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes; Faria, Josias Corrêa de; Dianese, Érico de Campos; Araújo, Leila Garcês deBrazil is the main common bean consumer in the world, also being the main producer, whose production supply the intern market. Among the factors that influence the productivity, the wide distribution of Bean golden mosaic virus in common bean fields is very important because it can cause chlorosis, leaf crumpling and stunting, and lead up to 100% yield losses. As a response to that, Embrapa developed, through the RNAi approach, a transgenic common bean line with resistance to the Bean golden mosaic virus. Nonetheless, the presence of a resistance gene can increase the selection pressure over the pathogen, that can mutate and overcome the resistance. Despite being DNA viruses, it is described that in species of Begomovirus, the genus of the BGMV, mutation rates are similar to those of RNA viruses. Nevertheless, until now, BGMV has shown smaller genetic variability compared to other species of the genus. The objective of this work was to characterize BGMV populations that infect different common bean elite lines, transgenic and conventional, in two locations: Brasília and Santo Antônio de Goiás. To that, leaf samples from different elite lines were collected in Value for Cultivation and Use (VCU) trials, searching for differences in viral populations from different sources. We used a strategy widely used on studies related to other living beings: next generation DNA sequencing followed by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyping. The SNPs obtained were used to carry out genetic diversity analysis. The estimates of the proportion of polymorphic sites and of Nei’s gene diversity revealed a greater genetic diversity in viral populations sampled in transgenic plants. The results suggest that, despite the restriction to the viral replication and, therefore, of smaller viral populations, the necessary conditions to the occurrence of selection pressure are given. In the genetic structure analysis, a significant effect was attributed to localities, as has been widely described in literature.Item Análise da concentração e expansão da produção e do beneficiamento do milho-pipoca (Zea mays L. var. everta (Sturtev.) L. H. Bailey) no Brasil(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-02-23) Bertolucci, Murilo Fernandes; Cunha, Cleyzer Adrian da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8809108474226649; Cunha, Cleyzer Adrian da; Wander, Alcido Elenor; Godoi, Cintia NevesO objetivo do presente estudo foi averiguar a concentração e expansão da produção e beneficiamento do milho-pipoca (Zea mays L. var. everta (Sturtev.) L. H. Bailey) no Brasil. O modelo utilizado foi o ECD (Modelo Estrutura, Conduta, Desempenho) e os índices analisados foram o HHI (Herfindahl-Hirschman Index) e o CR4 (Razão de concentração das 4 maiores empresas). Para mensurar o tamanho do mercado e seus agentes nos mais diversos elos foram realizadas entrevistas com os agentes dos elos de interesse da pesquisa. Os dados secundários utilizados para determinar a competitividade da cadeia foram volume e o preço das sementes de milho-pipoca importadas e dos grãos do cereal exportados e importados no período, além de dados do Registro Nacional de Cultivares (RNC) para demonstrar o incremento no número de novos cultivares disponíveis. Os resultados revelaram que há concentração de mercado tanto no elo fornecedor de sementes quanto no elo indústria processadora e que devido a maior especificidade de ativos, esta é maior no elo dos fornecedores de sementes. Concluiu-se também que a cadeia produtiva é competitiva tanto em nível nacional quanto internacional.Item Agricultores familiares nas feiras livres goianienses: estudo de suas relações sociais, culturais e econômicas(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-02-23) Bittencourt, Blenda Domingues; Caliari, Márcio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3558164788327179; Caliari, Márcio; Marin, Joel Orlando Bevilaqua; Ribeiro, Cleonice Borges; Vera, Rosângela; Ferreira, Manuel EduardoThe objective of Chapter II was to identify whether the category of family farmers, especially those who produce fruits, uses the marketing channel, such as open markets, to sell their production, without departing from the way of life and traditional forms of production. The research is qualitative, with descriptive quantitative aspects. He used an outlining procedure such as bibliographic, documentary and field research. Data collection took place with the application of a questionnaire and observation techniques, which took the form of a survey. As a result, it was possible to recognize the insertion of family farmers in this métier, it was concluded that they establish relationships in the social, cultural and economic dimensions; allowed to understand the functioning and dynamics of open markets and to identify their origin in the macro-region of the city of Goiânia/GO. The objective of Chapter III was to of this research was to search in the free markets in Goiânia/GO, the presence of family farmers, observing their specificities regarding the social, cultural and economic relations established in this environment and between the actors that compose it. To carry out this research, the questionnaires and semi-structured interview techniques were used as a method to collect data, the nature of this data is qualitative and quantitative and descriptive, the field research took place in the environment of all regularized free fairs in Goiás, among the September 2018 to March 2019. The collected data were refined using descriptive statistics. The results obtained clearly reveal the existence of a significant contingent of family farmers inserted in the free fairs in Goiás. The objective of Chapter IV this research was to search in the free markets in Goiânia/GO, the presence of family farmers, observing their specificities regarding the social, cultural and economic relations established in this environment and between the actors that compose it. To carry out this research, the questionnaires and semi-structured interview techniques were used as a method to collect data, the nature of this data is qualitative and quantitative and descriptive, the field research took place in the environment of all regularized free fairs in Goiás, among the September 2018 to March 2019. The collected data were refined using descriptive statistics. The results obtained clearly reveal the existence of a significant contingent of family farmers inserted in the free fairs in Goiás. The purpose of Chapter V was to verify the insertion of family farmers in the open markets in Goiânia/GO and their social, cultural and economic relations. It delimited the research, outlining qualitative and quantitative descriptive procedures. The results confirm the participation of family farmers in the fairs in Goiás, with social, economic and cultural relations between them and other actors. It is concluded in this way, that open markets represent a fertile field for family farming, being promising for rural and local development.Item Eficácia de Cordyceps javanica sozinho ou em combinação com inseticidas químicos no controle de Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 e persistência em folhas de soja(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-08-30) Boaventura, Heloiza Alves; Quintela, Eliane Dias; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7426637066408803; Quintela, Eliane Dias; Rezende, Janayne Maria; Fernandes, Éverton Kort KampThe whitefly Bemisia tabaci causes direct damage by sap suction and toxin injection, and indirect damage by fumagine and transmission of more than 300 species of viruses to plants. Cordyceps javanica has been found to cause natural epizootic diseases and is an alternative for the management of resistant whitefly populations. The objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the susceptibility of all B. tabaci nymphal stages to three C. javanica isolates by observing the effect of different climatic conditions on screened virulence; (2) evaluate the efficiency and persistence of C. javanica and the association of the fungus with chemical insecticides in the control of whitefly. No differences in susceptibility were observed between C. javanica isolates for 1st, 2nd and 3rd instar nymphs; mortalities ranged from 63.7-87.8% to 5 × 107 conidia mL-1. The 4th instar was less susceptible to isolates (≤15.5% mortality). However, adults who emerged from 4th instar nymphs were highly susceptible (adult mortality and ringworm ranged from 75.6 to 93.2%). In our study, temperature was more detrimental to Cordyceps virulence in Bemisia nymphs than relative humidity. The BRM 27666 isolate was selected for field efficiency tests because of its ability to grow extensively on the leaf surface and produce a high amount of conidia under wet conditions. In all experiments, a pressurized CO2 spray with dropleg bars was used (they spray the leaves upwards). The percentage of sporulated nymphs ranged from 47 - 59.1% to 25.4 - 41.3% for unformulated (3 applications of 1 × 1012 conidia ha-1) and formulated (1 application of 2 × 1011 conidia ha-1), respectively, after 28 days. Nymph mortality increased after joint action with parasitoids (67.9 - 81.6%) in fungal treatments. The persistence of C. javanica conidia was significantly reduced at 48 h. After combining the fungus with the chemical insecticides, the percentage of mycosis ranged from 20.2 to 35% after 26 days, except the fungus + pyriproxyfen (≤9.4%). In general, after the joint action of natural enemies, the mortality of nymphs in fungal treatments ranged from 90.3 to 98.1%. The high potential of C. javanica in whitefly control has been demonstrated in our field and screenhouse experiments. Based on this, C. javanica BRM 27666 was selected as a promising isolate in whitefly control. A C. javanica conidia-based mycoinsecticide has been developed and is under registration in Brazil for the control of whitefly in several crops.Item Determinantes da adoção da tecnologia de controle biológico da mosca-branca com o fungo Cordyceps javanica(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-07-31) Borges, Mariely Moreira; Quintela, Eliane Dias; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7426637066408803; Wander, Alcido Elenor; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8250997651281553; Teixeira, Sônia Milagres; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1596947832723945; Teixeira, Sônia Milagres; Wander, Alcido Elenor; Cruz, José Elenilson; Assunção, Paulo Eterno VenâncioThe excessive application of pesticides has had negative effects, not only on nature, water quality and food security, but also on human health. In addition, the growing resistance of insects to chemical insecticides has made it difficult to control pests such as the whitefly. Among the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) chosen by the UN, the second aims to eliminate hunger, ensure food security, increase nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture. The goal is to double agricultural productivity and the income of small food producers by 2030, in addition to securing food production systems and implementing resilient agricultural practices. In view of this, it is essential to expand integrated pest management strategies, including biological control. Lallemand and EMBRAPA, together, formulated a biological product based on the fungus Cordyceps javanica, known as Lalguard Java. The objective of this work is to evaluate which factors are involved in the adoption of this biological product. Through a qualitative and quantitative research that used groups. Most seniors have low education, in addition to this there is a clear difficulty in accessing quality information, which can negatively influence the adoption of new technologies. Products that know the effectiveness of biological control are 81.81% more likely to adopt biological control with the fungus LALGUARD JAVA if it is efficient in controlling the whitefly and if it does not cause harm to humans and the environment. Producers who know the effectiveness of biological control have a 135.57% greater chance of adopting biological control with the fungus LALGUARD JAVA if it presents a cost and mortality level similar to those of chemical control.Item Estabilidade e potencial produtivo de linhagens de feijão-comum desenvolvidas sob fixação biológica de nitrogênio avaliadas em multi-ambientes(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-10-31) Caetano, João Pedro Miranda; Melo, Leonardo Cunha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9132553601896172; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1508679345970114; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; Vidotti, Miriam Suzane; Dias, Polianna Alves Silva; Melo, Leonardo CunhaChemical nitrogen fertilization is a common practice in bean fertilization, but it is expensive and can have negative environmental impacts, as well as synthetic fertilizer not being a renewable source. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is one of the most sustainable ways of supplying legumes with nitrogen. In the last two decades, BNF has returned to the focus of common bean breeding programs, mainly by evaluating the potential of strains for BNF in various environments, with a view to recommending adapted and stable genotypes. The aim of this work was to evaluate the performance and productive stability of elite common bean lines of the carioca group developed under BNF. The lines were obtained by crossing the genitors CNFC10762 and the wild accession G234999A, which has a high BNF rate but few favorable agronomic characteristics. After backcrossing, the progenies that were advanced and selected under BNF were obtained. The 15 elite lines (L) obtained and three check genotypes were evaluated in six environments, made up of the combination of location/harvest/year. Two experiments were conducted in each environment, one with nitrogen fertilization of 120 kg ha-1 of nitrogen through mineral fertilizers and the other inoculated with a mixture of Rhizobium tropici and R. freirei without mineral nitrogen fertilization. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three replications, and the plots were made up of three three-metre rows spaced 0.5 m apart. Individual and joint analyses of variance were carried out for grain yield and the stability analysis was done using the WAASB method, which combines the predictive capacity of the BLUP mixed model with the graphical tools of the AMMI model. The effect of the L x FN interaction was significant (P<0.01), with the genotypes performing better when there was nitrogen fertilization. Among these strains, CNFC10762 and CNFC20367 had the best performance and productive stability when both N sources were considered, i.e. they have dual aptitude characteristics and are adapted to both mineral N and BNF systems. For inoculated environments, the control CNFC10762 and the genotypes CNFC20389, CNFC20367 and CNFC20379 stood out, showing the best relationship between productive performance and stability. Common bean breeding was unable to develop lines, originating from wild germplasm, that are more productive than the controls genotypes developed under an exclusive system of mineral N fertilization. The lines from this work will be indicated as progenitors to form new breeding base populations.Item Crescimento de porta-enxertos e interação entre porta-enxertos e cultivares copas de videira (Vitis spp.) na região de Goiânia-GO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-05-07) Campos, Luiz Fernandes Cardoso; Seleguini, Alexsander; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4677527012573000; Seleguini, Alexsander; Campos, André José de; Corrêa, Gilmarcos de Carvalho; Aguiar, Renata Alves; Teramoto, AdrianaIn order to evaluate the growth of three cultivars of rootstocks, as well as for the cultivation of rootstocks and canopy, better adapted to the conditions of soil and climate of the Cerrado, are important for the growth of viticulture in Goiás state. Such as the influence of rootstocks on production, physical-chemical characteristics and maturation evolution in four table grape cultivars grown in Goiânia, GO. In the first experiment, to evaluate the growth of rootstocks, the experiment was performed in a randomized complete block design (3x7), with five replications, each replicate formed by one plant. The first factor consisted of three rootstocks: IAC-313 'Tropical', IAC-572 'Jales' and IAC-766 'Campinas'. The plants were evaluated from 45 days after drastic pruning, totaling seven evaluations (45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135 days after pruning), being the second factor. The diameter of the main branch was evaluated at grafting height (80 cm), and main branch length, in addition to the absolute growth rate. In the second experiment, a randomized complete block design was used, with five replications. The studied combinations were composed by the rootstocks IAC 766 'Campinas' x IAC 572 'Jales' under the cultivars BRS Vitória, BRS Núbia, BRS Isis and Niagara Rosada. Each cultivar was evaluated in isolation for the two rootstocks. The rootstock cultivar IAC-572 'Jales' shows greater vigor for branch growth. In length it was 69% and 47.3% higher, in diameter it was 49.8% and 18.8% higher than the IAC-313 'Tropical' and 'IAC-766' Campinas rootstocks, respectively. The rootstock cultivar IAC-766 'Campinas' although has low vigor in branch growth, presents a satisfactory development. The cultivar BRS Vitória presented higher productivity on the rootstock IAC 766 and greater development of the curls and berries on the IAC 572. This cultivar presented a cycle of 119 days and a thermal requirement of 1419 Degrees of Pruning until harvest. The BRS Nubia cultivar presented higher productivity on the IAC 572 rootstock. The thermal requirement for BRS Nubia to complete its cycle was 1725 Degrees-Day, with a productive cycle, from pruning to harvesting of 140 days. The cultivar BRS Isis on the rootstock IAC 572 presented higher values of yield, yield and number of bunches per plant. On the IAC 766 rootstock, BRIS Isis presented a thermal need of 1958 Degrees, with a cycle of 154 days. For IAC 572, it took 2079 Degrees-Day, 161 days after pruning. The evaluated rootstocks did not influence the productive and physical-chemical characteristics of Niagara rosé. The productive cycle of the pruning until the harvest was of 133 days and thermal necessity of 1622 Degrees-Day, for both rootstocks. The cultivars BRS Vitória, BRS Núbia, BRS Isis and Niágara rosada are recommended for cultivation in the region of Goiânia-GO.Item Estabelecimento de normas DRIS em cana-de-açúcar no município de Quirinópolis, GO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-02-26) Carvalho, Aline dos Santos de; Leandro, Wilson Mozena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9052207260053937; Flores, Rilner Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6161143914254137; Flores, Rilner Alves; Santos, Glenio Guimarães; Caione, GustavoAlthough little used, the integrated diagnosis and recommendation system (DRIS) is a promising tool for the correct interpretation of the chemical analysis of sugarcane leaves and, consequently, the adequate nutritional management of the crop. The study was carried out with the objective of determining the DRIS norms in commercial crops producing sugarcane through analyzes of soil, leaf and stalk productivity, to aid in the efficient nutritional monitoring of the crop. The experimental design adopted was a 2x2 factorial scheme, with two cultivation systems (with or without vinasse) and two varieties of sugarcane (CTC 4 and RB 867515). Each treatment had 50 repetitions, totaling 200 sample units. The soil bank was composed of samples of 0-20 cm, collected 60 days after the last fertilization. For leaf nutritional assessment, 10 diagnostic leaves (leaf + 1) were collected at the moment of the greatest vegetative development of the crop. Similarly, the evaluation of stalk productivity considering the same sampling points as soil and leaf sampling. After assembling the database (soil, leaf and productivity), these were interpreted by the critical levels and, the DRIS standards and indices with the aid of the statistical program Statical Analysis System - SAS. Sugarcane had an average increase of 30 in the productivity of areas fertilized with vinasse, in the CTC4 variety. For leaf DRIS, there was greater sensitivity in diagnosing N deficiency. However, when the database was fed with soil data, DRIS showed greater sensitivity in detecting micronutrient limitations. There are differences in the nutritional diagnosis presented by the critical level and DRIS methods for the cultivation of sugarcane for both soil and plant. DRIS suggests specific recommendations that lead to increasing nutritional balance and increasing productivity.Item Fertilização nitrogenada como ferramenta para mitigação de efeitos do déficit de radiação solar no arroz irrigado(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-09-06) Carvalho, Renata de Castro Marques; Moraes, Moemy Gomes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5678716451015561; Heinemann, Alexandre Bryan; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0452123469996239; Heinemann, Alexandre Bryan; Stone, Luís Fernando; Santos, Marcos Paulo dos; Silva, Rodrigo de Souza; Silva, Elaine Fernanda daRice is part of the routine diet of the Brazilian population. Worldwide, it is considered one of the species with the greatest potential for combating hunger. Nitrogen is the nutrient most required by the rice crop. Solar radiation is one of the elements of the climate that most affects crop productivity. In Brazil, rice is grown in different regions, whose locations have a different supply of solar radiation throughout the cycle. This is one of the factors that explains the differences in productivity between regions. Some studies have shown that the supply of nitrogen as a top dressing minimizes the damage caused by solar radiation deficit in irrigated rice. In view of the above, the aim of this study was to determine the impact of the solar radiation deficit on two cultivars of irrigated rice and to investigate whether the supply of nitrogen minimizes the effects caused by this deficit. Two field trials were conducted for the 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 harvests. The work was carried out at the Palmital Farm experimental station, belonging to Embrapa Rice & Beans, in the municipality of Goianira-Goiás. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with four replications. The treatments were arranged in a subdivided plot design, with shading as the main plot, the nitrogen dose as the subplot and the cultivars as the sub-sub-plots. The cultivars studied were BRS Catiana and IRGA 424 RI. The nitrogen source used was urea, at doses of 50 kg ha-1 of N (applied just once, at the V2 stage) and 180 kg ha-1 of N (spread over three seasons, V2; V3 and V6, with the respective doses of 50; 50 and 80 kg ha-1 of N). The light-restricted plots were covered with a black propylene screen with an attenuation capacity of 30% of global solar radiation, which was installed at the start of flowering (R4) and remained in place until physiological maturity (R9). Fifteen days after the shading was installed, the plants' gas exchange was assessed using an infrared gas analyzer. At the same time, plant samples were taken for analysis of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) and total nitrogen content. At harvest time, a 1.0 m row was sampled for analysis of yield components. Yield was obtained by harvesting 10 m of the row. Whole grain yield was assessed by processing a 100 gram sample from each experimental plot. The data was submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared using the Tukey test (p<0,05). Shading reduced the concentration of non-structural carbohydrates in the leaf and stem of the cultivars in the shaded condition. The nitrogen content in the plant was reduced under conditions of light restriction. Gas exchange (net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, internal CO2 concentration and transpiration) was affected by the availability of solar radiation. Under shaded conditions, there was a lower yield of whole grains. Increased nitrogen application allowed for a recovery in gas exchange, non-structural carbohydrates, nitrogen content in the plant, productivity and whole grain yield, under conditions of limited solar radiation. The IRGA 424 RI cultivar had a greater ability to adjust in the shaded condition compared to BRS Catiana, which implied higher productivity in this condition. In the unshaded condition and at the highest dose of N (180 kg ha-1), the BRS Catiana cultivar showed higher productivity than IRGA 424 RI. Applying nitrogen as a top dressing is a management strategy that can be applied to minimize the impact of solar radiation deficit on irrigated rice crops.Item Capacidade de combinação de híbridos simples de milho e interação com épocas de plantio(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-07-30) Castro, Laís Lopes de; Guedes, Márcio Lisboa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8695921024674566; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1508679345970114; Resende, Marcela Pedroso Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2080097211870591; Resende, Marcela Pedroso Mendes; Reis, Edésio Fialho dos; Souza, João Cândido de; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães SantosThe high yield obtained in the corn crop and the increases in world production are due to the advances obtained with the genetic breeding. The high productivity obtained in the corn crop and the increases in world production are due to the advances obtained with the genetic improvement. Within the breeding programs, one of the most important decision-making is the formation and choice of the base populations used in the breeding, as they are the ones that will extract the superior strains, so they must gather favorable alleles for characteristics of interest, and for that it is necessary to include several parents in the genealogy of a population. A good strategy for the formation of base populations is the identification of simple high-performance hybrids with high combining capacities for the characteristics of interest. The objective of this study was to identify promising parents and crosses for population formation for the UFG maize breeding program, considering four planting seasons. For the identification of the best parents to compose the new base population, they were evaluated in Goiânia-GO in four planting seasons during the 2018/2019 harvest under a complete diallel genetic design, 6 parents (simple hybrids) and 15 crosses (double hybrids) totaling 21 treatments in the diallel scheme and 5 other controls for comparison purposes. As the behavior of the genotypes is greatly influenced by environmental variations, the analysis of genotype interaction with environments like GGE Biplot was performed. The plant height and ear height characters can be used for selection in the four environments based on the CGC values. There was no pattern of behavior for the determination coefficient estimates (R2) over the four experiments. Parent G1 was better for decreasing the corn cycle with negative flowering values, but in general it presented poor values for CGC and CEC. Parents G2, G3 and G4 showed the best CGC values for the primary production components, and parent G5 as the most stable, although with CGC below the general average. The G1 x G2 cross obtained the highest CEC and at the same time was the most unstable. The G1 x G4, G3 x G6 and G1 x G6 crosses were the most stable and with CEC values higher than the general averagItem Determinantes à comercialização da produção de agricultores familiares assentados da reforma agrária no Distrito Federal/Brasil(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-09-28) Cavalcante, David Frederik da Silva; Cruz, José Elenilson; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3130838156334394; Medina, Gabriel da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4866331905231029; Medina, Gabriel da Silva; Cruz, José Elenilson; Thomé, Karim Marini; Dias, Cleidson Nogueira; Corcioli, GraciellaThe commercialization of production is an important rural development strategy, however, competitive market processes plus the access restrictions to social and material resources identified from natural, financial, human and social capital, make it difficult for family farmers. It's also important to understand that the entrepreneurial action of farmers is linked to the use of these capitals as it might enable better results. In this context, this thesis sought to measure and report the contribution of natural, financial, human and social capital and the entrepreneurial competence in family farmers’ commercialization of production. This research was carried out in 11 agrarian settlements in Distrito Federal (Brazil) and involved a universe of 503 families. In chapter 1, the aim was to describe the families’ commercial and productive profiles by comparing them in terms of natural, financial, human and social capital. In order to do so, 156 settlers were interviewed. The data analysis used the cluster technique, descriptive statistics and comparison between groups (non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test). It was found that in groups with higher levels of commercialization (through farmer’s markets, institutional markets and Community Supported Agriculture) there are also better capital levels. In chapter 2, the relationship between capitals (as means of livelihood) and commercialization was measured in both isolated and combined ways. As a result, the researcher was able to identify that the means of livelihood influence commercialization and that human and social capital are the ones that most contribute to sales. In chapter 3, the aim was to measure the effect of entrepreneurial competence as a mediator in the relationship between capital (livelihood) and commercialization. The results showed that entrepreneurial competence exerts total mediation in the relationship between livelihood and commercialization. In chapters 2 and 3, the research sample was restricted to only 125 farmers, who had both been interviewed in the research previously presented in chapter 1 and whose production had been at least partially commercialized. In both, the equation modeling technique was used (Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling - PLS-SEM). Ultimately, in chapter 4, the focus was to explain how capitals and entrepreneurial competence help family farmers overcome the commercialization of only part of the production and direct their production towards the markets. The analyses were performed using Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) and content analysis. It was identified that the commercialization orientation is associated with the use of irrigation, machinery and equipment with no manual labour involved plus the frequent participation in training and the incorporation of innovative products and processes used by neighbors. In addition, the achievement of this condition requires that farmers take the initiative to seek new forms of production and commercialization and form partnerships with their neighbors. These results indicate that the strategies to support family farming cannot be focused on just one type of resource. Furthermore, resources must be directed towards productive reconversion focused on products that present some type of differentiation, especially those linked to quality and identification as a healthy product.