Doutorado em Geografia (IESA)
URI Permanente para esta coleção
Navegar
Navegando Doutorado em Geografia (IESA) por Por tipo de Acesso "Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil"
Agora exibindo 1 - 7 de 7
Resultados por página
Opções de Ordenação
Item A questão social e as transferências de renda: o programa bolsa família nos municípios goianos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-11-12) Alencar, Diego Pinheiro; Arrais, Tadeu Pereira Alencar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7443664433085838; Arrais, Tadeu Pereira Alencar; Castilho, Dênis; Lima, Leandro Oliveira de; Arriel, Marcos Fernando; Salgado, Tathiana RodriguesThe Bolsa Familia Programme (Programa Bolsa Familia - PBF) is currently the social assistance tool with the largest territorial capillarity in Brazil. The social impact of the program reflects different analytical dimensions, such as the fight against poverty and extreme poverty, income inequality by gender, conditioning to basic services (health and education), among other elements that refers to the social issue. In the economic sphere, it can be observed that the relevance occurs mainly in municipalities with a small demographic pattern and low productive dynamism, commonly dependent on intergovernmental transfers and public administration. The mapping of information regarding social vulnerability points to regional disparities in the Brazilian territory, both at the national and state levels. In Brazil, when comparing the amount of benefits issued and/or population in situations of poverty and extreme poverty, with the estimated population of the municipalities or the values passed on with economic indicators (GDP of Brazil, budget revenues, among others), the cases of the Semiarid Northeast and North of Minas Gerais stand out. In the territory of Goiás, when considering the criteria mentioned above, the Microregions of Vão do Paranã, Chapada dos Veadeiros and Porangatu stand out, which directed the selection of municipalities for sampling the field research, in which the impact that the PBF develops in the retail trade and services sectors were measured. In general, the establishments had a municipal operating radius. Regarding the profile of the clientele, the proportional participation of families living in rural areas in the acquisition of products and services available in the urban perimeter was observed, with women being the main responsible for the acquisitions. In the forms of payment, there are relations that refer to peasant society, such as, for example, the presence of "booklets" in a significant part of the establishments. On the other hand, the presence of computerised payments (credit or debit cards) is rare. The relevance of PBF resources has been constantly denoted in the narratives of local merchants, with, in some cases, "more than 50%" of interference in the collection of the establishment. The research found that the PBF in Brazil is not restricted to the field of social assistance, being characterized as an instrument to stimulate the municipal economy in locations that are not attractive to private and public capital investments. In Goiás territory, in the aforementioned MRs, the relevance of the program as an element of dynamization of the retail trade and services sectors is noticeable.Item A prática espacial cotidiana na cidade e a prática pedagógica no ensino de Geografia(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-11) Christan, Patrícia; Souza, Vanilton Camilo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1374656969635983; Souza, Vanilton Camilo de; Cavalcanti, Lana de Souza; Barreira, Celene Cunha Monteiro Antunes; Oliveira, Karla Annyelly Teixeira de; Romancini, Sônia ReginaThe aim of this research is to analyse the daily spatial practices of Geography teachers and its relationship with the pedagogical practice in Basic Education. More specifically: to understand the everyday spatial practices as an important dimension of geographical teaching knowledge; to describe the perception of Geography teachers about their daily spatial practices in the city of Cuiabá; to characterise the pedagogical practice of teachers in the teaching of Geography, emphasizing the approach to the city of Cuiabá; to analyse the interface between the daily spatial practices and the pedagogical practice in Geography teaching. The methodological path is based on qualitative research, in which the participant modality was chosen. To this end, in addition to bibliographic research, data collection was performed through instruments of pedagogical practice observation; observation of pedagogical practice when teaching about the city of Cuiabá, narratives of daily spatial practices, collectice interview and didactic sequence. For data analysis, content analysis and discourse analysis were uses as reference. In daily spatial practices, concerns the displacement of the individuals to the realization of human life, based on the space-time articulation, establishing relationships with the dwelling in the city, with the world of work and with the activities of private life. It was found that daily spatial practices constitute the practical/empirical dimension of teaching geographic knowledge insofar as perception and representation are dialectical pairs in the transformation of practical/empirical knowledge into geographic/scientific knowledge. Thus, the weightings of this research show an effort to expand the understanding of wisdom derived from the practice formulated by Shulman (2014). It is also noteworthy that daily spatial practices are important references for didactic referrals in pedagogical practice in the teaching of Geography.Item Mapeamento de superfícies de aplanamento no centro-norte da Amazônia(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-04-27) Mantovani, José Roberto Amaro; Bueno, Guilherme Taitson; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1585424190030655; Bueno, Guilherme Taitson; Alcântara, Enner Herenio de; Sakamoto, Arnaldo Yoso; Cherem, Luís Felipe Soares; Ferreira, Manuel EduardoThe recognition of the different planation surfaces of a region provides a picture of the structure of its relief and helps to understand the distribution of its surface formations. Mapping of planation surfaces traditionally carried out by geomorphologists is subject to strong interference from decision makers and there are few proposals for automated mapping. The manual and analogical methods depend fundamentally on the interpretation of the decision maker and often lack mathematical logic, and may be relative, biased and inaccurate. The structure of the reliefs of the Amazon and its natural resources are still little known by researchers and by Brazilian society and the mapping of their planation surfaces can assist in this task. This thesis has as its study area the center-north of the Amazon, covering parts of the territories of Brazil, Venezuela and Guyana. Thus, the main objective is to contribute to the methodologies for mapping the planation surfaces as a resource for understanding the spatial distribution of surface formations (soils, laterites, alluviums, mineral occurrences). As specific objectives, we sought to a) develop an automated methodology for mapping planation surfaces to tectonically stable areas; b) check if there is a correlation between the distribution of the surfaces of the mapped areas and the distribution of their surface formations; c) relate the mapped surfaces to the surfaces recognized by the literature and their ages. The methodology is divided into the following stages: 1. Elaboration of a mathematical algorithm using geoprocessing techniques to get data base from remote sensing, specifically radar, extracted from images of the PALSAR sensor (Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar), on board the ALOS satellite (Advanced Land Observing Satellite).This stage was carried out for a control area, which has two planation surface that are very clear and still little disturbed by river dissection, located in the municipality of Chapada Gaúcha-MG; 2. Application of the proposed methodology to the central-northern region of the Amazon; 3. Obtaining data on surface formations (soils, sediments, laterites) of the two regions and checking, through geoprocessing, digital cartography and graphical representations, the correlations between surface formations and mapped surfaces. In the control area, reliefs associated with three planation surfaces were identified: first surface, associated with the Velhas surface (the most recent and of lowest altitude), between 685 and 800 m; a second surface, associated with the South American surface (intermediate in age and with a better degree of flattening), between 801 to 881 m; and a third surface, between 882 and 898 m, associated with Post-Gondwana (oldest and represented only by dissected forms located altimetrically above the level of South American surface).The mapped surfaces showed good correlation with the types of surface formations (soils), indicating that the structure of natural landscapes has a direct relationship with the distribution of planation surfaces, considering their flat remnants and the reliefs resulting from their dissection The inconsistencies found can be fundamentally attributed to the incompatibility of scales between the surface map and the soil map available for the studied area. For the central-northern region of the Amazon, the proposed model allowed the identification of five planation surfaces in the strip that extends from the highlands of the border between Brazil, Venezuela and Guyana to the axis of the Amazon River, near the city of Manaus: a summit surface, which was associated with to Gondwana surface, between 855 and 2,745 m; a second surface, between 525 to 854 m, associated to Post-Gondwana; a third surface, between 279 and 524 m, associated to South American; a fourth surface, between 114 and 278 m, associated with to Velhas Precoce surface (Early Velhas surface), and a fifth surface, associated with to Velhas Tardio surface (Late Velhas). For each surface, the remaining flat areas and the dissected areas were mapped. The spatial distribution of geomorphological surfaces showed a good correlation with the spatial distribution of mapped surface formations. In the first three surfaces, young soils predominate, whose presence was attributed to the erosion of surface formations and the rock exposure. The two lower altitude surfaces present a greater diversity of soils, due to the increase of flattened areas under more deficient drainage conditions (Spodosols, Plintossols, Gleisols, Planossols), in addition to Latosols and Acrisols, which are dominant. The mapping proposal presented coherent and unprecedented results on the distribution of planation surfaces in the north-central Amazon, making it possible to infer the distribution of surface formations in the region.Item Cartografias ontológicas de educadoras do campo da região do Bico do Papagaio-TO: o desvelar do ser-estar da mulher na formação docente em Educação do Campo(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-08-31) Oliveira, Ubiratan Francisco de; Chaveiro, Eguimar Felício; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9540141505352914; Gonçalves, Ricardo Júnior de Assis Fernandes; Chaveiro, Eguimar Felício; Almeida, Rejane Cleide Medeiros de; Molina, Mônica Castagna; Barreira, Celene Cunha Monteiro Antunes“Ontological Cartographies of Field Educators from Bico do Papagaio” consists of research on the unveiling of the woman's being in the process of teacher education in the Field Education Degree - Arts and Music, at the Federal University of Tocantins, Campus of Tocantinópolis. This process, which involved, among other educational activities, the realization of life history and social cartography workshops as collective processes for producing knowledge about the social and natural phenomena that comprise the totality of the realities that surround us. Therefore, we seek to analyze and understand the Bico do Papagaio region as a space for the materialization of the being of its subjects in the world. We support the theoretical and methodological frameworks of participatory and humanized research conceived in Brazil in the work with popular communities of Carlos Rodrigues Brandão and Paulo Freire in the 1980s. Also in the theory of historical and dialetical materialism, understanding that the being in the world is done in the historical and social materiality of the subjects forged in the class struggle. We started from the assumption of existence a human space, therefore, historical. Thus, the exercise of knowing the Bico do Papagaio from the life trajectories of the families who live in it gives the sense of belonging to the history of the place and, consequently, the understanding of it as a territory in dispute. Dispute over land, water, forest and food that makes the Bico do Papagaio an essential condition for the existence of its subjects. The territory as a space of human existence becomes ontological and, dialectically, space has its ontological meaning in the territory. We seek to understand the ontology of space in the Geography of Milton Santos, Ruy Moreira and Rogério Haesbaert. However, the being of the woman in question is that of the field educator. Therefore, it is necessary to build knowledge about the history of education and its consequences in the formation of a society focused on life in the city to the detriment of life in the countryside, as well as on the role of the school in the construction of the pejorative stereotype of man and woman of the countryside. Faced with this reality, the social movements fighting for land and territory in the countryside have built a pedagogical alternative that seeks to enhance the peoples of the countryside, their cultures and their ways of life. The movement to fight for field education emerges and, from this movement, the concept of integral education in Pedagogy of Alternation in Field Education. The formation of educators based on the epistemology of praxis, on work as a formative principle and on the field as a place of production and reproduction of the existence of their subjects, forges the creation of Field Education Degree and are in the times-spaces of a Field Education Degree that our research was developed. Meeting spaces of different life itineraries that form the Ontological Cartographies of the Field Educators from Bico do Papagaio.Item Imagens e mediações simbólicas no ensino de Geografia: a fotografia na aprendizagem da paisagem urbana(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-13) Pires, Mateus Marchesan; Cavalcanti, Lana de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8827112569170294; Cavalcanti, Lana de Souza; Richter, Denis; Souza, Vanilton Camilo de; Pereira, Carolina Machado Rocha Busch; Hollman, VerónicaSchool education, and particularly the teaching of Geography, has benefitted from different languages and resources for decades as aids in the teaching and learning process. Among these didactic resources are photographs. Several researches and authors attest to their potential in learning, as they can promote the reading of the world and the understanding of the geographical space. Therefore, the visual dimension is part of Geography, which uses representations to help understand spatial order, phenomena and geographical processes. Based on this interpretative horizon, this thesis sought to understand how images - as didactic resources - participate in the teaching and learning process of Geography and act in the formation of concepts and geographical thought, specifically when teaching and learning the urban landscape. The present research is configured in a qualitative approach, with methodological dimensions of action-research and collaborative. It is considered the assumptions of the historical-cultural theory, having as premise to understand the material practices of the subjects, historical beings, inserted in a cultural context, from their places, their discourses, representations and meanings. Some concepts proposed by Vigotski are detailed (such as symbolic mediation, the general genetic law of cultural development and higher psychological functions) and, also, through other collaborators who continued their work, that is, authors who perform the interpretation of his work with related perspectives. The empirical research was carried out in four schools, in two cities in the western and southwestern region of Paraná, consisting of four stages (class observations, interviews with teachers, development of a study group and discussion, implementation of a didactic course with students of the 7th grade of Elementary School). From the different instruments used (observation, field diary, interviews, image records), through the analysis and interpretation of data, the following thesis is defended: the photographic images, inserted in the educational process, are mediation resources (semiotics, didactic, cognitive) for learning. In addition to simple didactic resources, the visual means are used to enhance the teaching and learning process of Geography, capable of mobilizing cognitive operations aiming at the development of a geographical thought, with and through images. When following the implementation of the didactic path with the young schoolchildren, it was found that the images served to constitute the students' arguments, and the thought elaborated by some of them, with the mediation of the photographs, was developed through the analysis of the forms present in the image, expanding their reflection on the landscape, the urban space. It is postulated that the image offers elements that only at the moment of its reading (pause and distancing), and its analysis are perceived and questioned, residing in this exercise the action of the sign interpreter who, when reading the photograph, assigns senses / meanings and elaborates his thought.Item O mapa e a Língua Brasileira de Sinais (LIBRAS): possibilidades da linguagem cartográfica para construção do pensamento geográfico dos alunos surdos na/da educação básica(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-04-18) Santos Neto, Pedro Moreira dos; Richter, Denis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9664892428037820; Bueno, Míriam Aparecida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9765282563578698; Bueno, Míriam Aparecida; Richter, Denis; Oliveira, Ivanilton José de; Chaveiro, Eguimar Felício; Carmo, Waldirene Ribeiro doThe Brazilian Language of Signs (Libras) is the way of expression and natural communication of the deaf person, as soon as impeditive none exists for same appropriating it of this linguistic system. Through this active and complete language, the deaf pupil can interact with the world from a complex and rich space visual language in details that makes possible the interpretation of abstract and concrete elements of social and natural hallmark. Starting with the hypothesis that there is the necessity of thinking about a map for the deaf pupil, as soon as the traditional maps do not attend his linguistic especificidades. In this context, Which the sense of the contemporary cartographical products for the deaf persons, being that they don’t manage to carry out his reading in the totality? We thinking, while theory proposal, that the map special for the deaf pupil, attending his linguistic necessities, makes possible the teaching-apprenticeship of Geography and the development of the geographical thought. For realization of the inquiry we center in school fact of the deaf pupil to answer two questions that direcionou the construction of the theory, the first one: What must be in the map for the deaf pupil? And the second: How must the map for the deaf pupil be prepared? For getting the primary data there were carried out observations of classrooms of Geography in rooms with deaf pupils, glimpsed with teachers of Geography, interpreters of Libras, pedagogic coordination and deaf pupils and, also, realization of workshop and minicourse with purpose of understanding how these subjects carry out the reading and analysis of the traditional maps. From the systematization and analysis of the obtained results, it was possible to identify that the deaf pupils had difficulties to carry out the reading and, consequently, the analysis and reflection of the spatialities of the present geographical phenomenon in the traditional maps, because the present verbal elements in these products are in Portuguese language (LP). Meantime, while producing maps in Libras and VisoGrafia the deaf pupils managed to carry out the reading with bigger easiness, as soon as these maps attended the linguistic aspect used by the deaf people for communication and expression with the society and the world. Therewith, it was possible to build a proposal methodological of School and Included Cartography for deaf pupils in whom the cartographical elements and the verbal language of the map are in the language of the subject open to question, making possible, so, that these students are included effectively in the process of teaching-apprenticeship of Geography in the cartographical slant.Item Spillovers espaciais de criminalidade na região integrada para desenvolvimento do Distrito Federal e entorno: uma análise de crimes contra a pessoa e contra o patrimônio(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-05-04) Silva, Luciano Pereira da; Gomes, Carlos Eduardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4098020809512767; Oliveira, Ivanilton José de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4172719252263913; Oliveira, Ivanilton José de; Melo, Silas Nogueira de; Campos, Flávia Rezende; Romão, Patrícia de Araújo; Castilho, DênisThe discussion on crimes in the field of Geography has a vast literature, whose debates permeate several dimensions: social, spatial, economic, demographic, among others. However, a common denominator in the discussions about crime is its connection with the phenomena of industrialization and urbanization. Therefore, the theoretical discussion of this work began by assuming crime as an urban issue, and the overall objective of the thesis consisted in understanding the spatial distribution of crime in the Integrated Network for the Development of the Federal District (RIDE/DF), as well as their relations with socio-spatial conditions. The theoretical literature review focused on the ideas of the Chicago School in which they report that the acceleration of urbanization triggered in major world centers by industrialization, caused several social illnesses due to the lack of decent conditions of urban life related and the poor offer of urban infrastructure, which induce a weakening of community relations and the loss of moral order. Given this scenario, crime rates are high and cause the rupture of the instruments of social control that lead to social disorganization. An empirical research, carried out with papers published in annals and journals of Geography and other applied social sciences, was crucial for the discussion of the theme of this thesis, supporting a survey of evidence on the relationship between crimes and socio-spatial determinants. Through descriptive research, with secondary data, it was observed that the RIDE/DF was subjected to a disorderly urbanization not related primarily to industrialization nor directly linked to factors tied to egalitarian regional development, since it was created on the basis of centralized political decisions, which to this day, still causes problems regarding its definition as a region of development, governance, funds, mapping of local flows and demands, active participation of federated entities and civil society etc. This situation resulted in several problems, such as structural unemployment, housing deficit, urban violence and socio-spatial inequality, which generated spillover effects for the municipalities that comprise it. In these circumstances, this thesis sought to answer the following propositions: how is the Geography of criminality configured in RIDE/DF, interpreted through the analysis of the spatialization of crimes against the person in the period from 2010 to 2017, and crimes against property from 2017 to 2018? Can this criminality be explained by socio-spatial variables and phenomena? Were there spillovers of crimes among the federated entities of this region in the period under review? Through descriptive and quantitative research, using secondary data, it was possible to conclude that the crime rates in RIDE/DF were not randomly distributed in space since , by means of an exploratory analysis of spatial data, the existence of spatial dependency was detected, in which the municipalities bordering and closer to the DF concentrate the highest crime rates, being those responsible for more than 80% of the records of crimes occurred within the period under analysis. The main victims are young, black men shot by firearms, and the proportion of young population between 15 and 19 years of age was a determining factor of positive correlation, among other significant conditions obtained by estimations of spatial regression models through the Spatial Durbin Model - SDM. In the analysis of the effects, it was noted that in crimes against life there was a significant presence of spillovers, around 51% of the total effects. While in crimes against property the direct or own effects of each municipality were more preponderant than the indirect effects or spillovers of neighbors that represented only 22% of the total effects.